研究了不同浓度(0.01、0.05、0.10、0.20和0.30 m g/L)的水体汞(Hg2+)在不同暴露时间(1、7、14和30 d),对中华绒螯蟹(E rioche ir s inens is)(17.36±1.23)g肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GPX和过氧化氢酶CAT活力以...研究了不同浓度(0.01、0.05、0.10、0.20和0.30 m g/L)的水体汞(Hg2+)在不同暴露时间(1、7、14和30 d),对中华绒螯蟹(E rioche ir s inens is)(17.36±1.23)g肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GPX和过氧化氢酶CAT活力以及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛M DA含量的影响.结果表明,较低浓度的Hg2+(0.01和0.05 m g/L)处理组中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力在短时间内上升,表现出一种"毒物兴奋效应";随着暴露时间的延长,SOD和CAT酶活力均受到明显抑制;高浓度的汞(0.20和0.30m g/L)无论暴露时间长短,对3种抗氧化酶均产生明显抑制作用.不同浓度的Hg2+处理组中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺M DA含量均高于对照组,表现出"剂量-效应"和"时间-效应"关系.双因素方差分析结果表明,水体Hg2+的浓度、暴露时间以及二者之间的相互作用均对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺3种抗氧化酶和M DA含量产生显著影响.肝胰腺SOD、GPX、CAT活力以及M DA含量对水环境中的Hg2+反应灵敏,可作为中华绒螯蟹毒理学评价指标以及重金属污染监测指标.展开更多
为了解水体中铅(Pb)对鱼类早期发育阶段的毒性影响,使用人工受精获得南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis Chen)胚胎和仔鱼为研究对象,以硝酸铅(Pb(NO3)2)为毒物源,探讨研究对象在胚胎期和仔鱼期受到5个(0~400μg/L)不同浓度水平铅持续暴露、...为了解水体中铅(Pb)对鱼类早期发育阶段的毒性影响,使用人工受精获得南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis Chen)胚胎和仔鱼为研究对象,以硝酸铅(Pb(NO3)2)为毒物源,探讨研究对象在胚胎期和仔鱼期受到5个(0~400μg/L)不同浓度水平铅持续暴露、半持续暴露以及暴露后恢复处理条件下,实验鱼鳃、肝脏和肾脏抗氧酶的活性变化以及脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶活性情况。结果表明,恢复组实验鱼鳃、肝脏和肾脏组织中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性在后期恢复过程中呈升高趋势;三种组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量随着胚胎期水体Pb浓度升高而升高。持续组和半持续组实验鱼鳃、肝脏和肾脏组织中TAOC、SOD、CAT活性随着水体铅浓度升高而降低,显著低于对照组(P<0.05),丙二醛含量随着Pb浓度升高而升高,脂质过氧化程度加剧;而相同Pb浓度水平之间,持续组和半持续组实验鱼三种组织中,持续组中TAOC、SOD、CAT的活性和MDA的含量变化大于半持续组。发现:南方鲇胚胎期受重金属暴露,后期恢复饲养,其鳃、肝脏和肾脏组织中T-AOC、SOD、CAT的活性会出现恢复效应;胚胎期和仔鱼期重金属暴露存在叠加效应,且重金属对仔鱼的毒性作用更加剧烈。展开更多
Uniconazole, as a plant growth retardant, can enhance stress tolerance in plants, possibly because of improved antioxidation defense mechanisms with higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) e...Uniconazole, as a plant growth retardant, can enhance stress tolerance in plants, possibly because of improved antioxidation defense mechanisms with higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) enzymes that retard lipid peroxidation and membrane deterioration. These years much attention has been focused on the responses of antioxidant system in plants to uniconazole stress, but such studies on aquatic organism are very few. Moreover, no information is available on growth and antioxidant response in marine microalgae to uniconazole. In this paper, the growth and antioxidant responses of two marine microalgal species, Platymonas helgolandica and Pavlova viridis, at six uniconazole concentrations(0-15 mg L-1) were investigated. The results demonstrated that 3 mg L-1 uniconazole could increase significantly chlorophyll a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica(P < 0.05). Higher concentrations(≥12 mg L-1) of uniconazole could inhibit significantly the growth, dry weight, chlorophyll-a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica and P. viridis(P < 0.05). Uniconazole caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation production(MDA) at higher concentrations(≥ 9 mg L-1). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were enhanced remarkably at low concentrations of uniconazole. However, significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities was observed at higher concentrations of uniconazole.展开更多
Objective: To examine changes of blood oxidative-antiovidative level in schizophrenic patients and its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods: Forty-six Chinese patients met DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Ma...Objective: To examine changes of blood oxidative-antiovidative level in schizophrenic patients and its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods: Forty-six Chinese patients met DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disor- ders-IV) criteria for schizophrenia and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Baseline psychiatric symptom severity was assessed with brief psychiatric rating scale, positive and negative syndrome scale on the blood draw day. Fresh blood samples were collected to measure levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxide in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in red blood cells by spectrophotometric assays simultaneously. Results: Comparison of the biochemical parameters indicated that the level of nitric oxide and lipid peroxide increased in patient group, which represented a positive correlation with positive scale scores; while the activities of three critical enzymes decreased and showed a negative linear correlation. Conclusion: This study showed that there are dysregulation of free radical metabolism and poor activities of the antioxidant defense systems in schizophrenic patients. Excess free radicals formation may play a critical role in the etiology of schizophrenia. Using antioxidants might be an effective therapeutic approach to partially alleviate or prevent the symptoms of schizophrenia.展开更多
文摘研究了不同浓度(0.01、0.05、0.10、0.20和0.30 m g/L)的水体汞(Hg2+)在不同暴露时间(1、7、14和30 d),对中华绒螯蟹(E rioche ir s inens is)(17.36±1.23)g肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶SOD、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶GPX和过氧化氢酶CAT活力以及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛M DA含量的影响.结果表明,较低浓度的Hg2+(0.01和0.05 m g/L)处理组中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活力在短时间内上升,表现出一种"毒物兴奋效应";随着暴露时间的延长,SOD和CAT酶活力均受到明显抑制;高浓度的汞(0.20和0.30m g/L)无论暴露时间长短,对3种抗氧化酶均产生明显抑制作用.不同浓度的Hg2+处理组中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺M DA含量均高于对照组,表现出"剂量-效应"和"时间-效应"关系.双因素方差分析结果表明,水体Hg2+的浓度、暴露时间以及二者之间的相互作用均对中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺3种抗氧化酶和M DA含量产生显著影响.肝胰腺SOD、GPX、CAT活力以及M DA含量对水环境中的Hg2+反应灵敏,可作为中华绒螯蟹毒理学评价指标以及重金属污染监测指标.
文摘为了解水体中铅(Pb)对鱼类早期发育阶段的毒性影响,使用人工受精获得南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis Chen)胚胎和仔鱼为研究对象,以硝酸铅(Pb(NO3)2)为毒物源,探讨研究对象在胚胎期和仔鱼期受到5个(0~400μg/L)不同浓度水平铅持续暴露、半持续暴露以及暴露后恢复处理条件下,实验鱼鳃、肝脏和肾脏抗氧酶的活性变化以及脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶活性情况。结果表明,恢复组实验鱼鳃、肝脏和肾脏组织中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性在后期恢复过程中呈升高趋势;三种组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量随着胚胎期水体Pb浓度升高而升高。持续组和半持续组实验鱼鳃、肝脏和肾脏组织中TAOC、SOD、CAT活性随着水体铅浓度升高而降低,显著低于对照组(P<0.05),丙二醛含量随着Pb浓度升高而升高,脂质过氧化程度加剧;而相同Pb浓度水平之间,持续组和半持续组实验鱼三种组织中,持续组中TAOC、SOD、CAT的活性和MDA的含量变化大于半持续组。发现:南方鲇胚胎期受重金属暴露,后期恢复饲养,其鳃、肝脏和肾脏组织中T-AOC、SOD、CAT的活性会出现恢复效应;胚胎期和仔鱼期重金属暴露存在叠加效应,且重金属对仔鱼的毒性作用更加剧烈。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21071133, 51273184 and 81202399)the Program for Science and Technology of Shandong Province (2011GHY11521)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao City (Nos. 11-2-4-1-(9) gch), 12-1-3-52-(1)-nsh and 12-1-4-16-(7)-jch)
文摘Uniconazole, as a plant growth retardant, can enhance stress tolerance in plants, possibly because of improved antioxidation defense mechanisms with higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) enzymes that retard lipid peroxidation and membrane deterioration. These years much attention has been focused on the responses of antioxidant system in plants to uniconazole stress, but such studies on aquatic organism are very few. Moreover, no information is available on growth and antioxidant response in marine microalgae to uniconazole. In this paper, the growth and antioxidant responses of two marine microalgal species, Platymonas helgolandica and Pavlova viridis, at six uniconazole concentrations(0-15 mg L-1) were investigated. The results demonstrated that 3 mg L-1 uniconazole could increase significantly chlorophyll a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica(P < 0.05). Higher concentrations(≥12 mg L-1) of uniconazole could inhibit significantly the growth, dry weight, chlorophyll-a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica and P. viridis(P < 0.05). Uniconazole caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation production(MDA) at higher concentrations(≥ 9 mg L-1). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were enhanced remarkably at low concentrations of uniconazole. However, significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities was observed at higher concentrations of uniconazole.
基金Project (No. 19990103) supported by the Educational Committee of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘Objective: To examine changes of blood oxidative-antiovidative level in schizophrenic patients and its relationship with clinical symptoms. Methods: Forty-six Chinese patients met DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disor- ders-IV) criteria for schizophrenia and fifty age- and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in the present study. Baseline psychiatric symptom severity was assessed with brief psychiatric rating scale, positive and negative syndrome scale on the blood draw day. Fresh blood samples were collected to measure levels of nitric oxide and lipid peroxide in plasma as well as activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in red blood cells by spectrophotometric assays simultaneously. Results: Comparison of the biochemical parameters indicated that the level of nitric oxide and lipid peroxide increased in patient group, which represented a positive correlation with positive scale scores; while the activities of three critical enzymes decreased and showed a negative linear correlation. Conclusion: This study showed that there are dysregulation of free radical metabolism and poor activities of the antioxidant defense systems in schizophrenic patients. Excess free radicals formation may play a critical role in the etiology of schizophrenia. Using antioxidants might be an effective therapeutic approach to partially alleviate or prevent the symptoms of schizophrenia.
