The present study examined the effect of alkali extraction on pit membranes （PMs） and liquid uptake of four conifers. Af- ter alkali extraction, the deposits around the PMs almost dissolved in Cunninghamia lanceolat...The present study examined the effect of alkali extraction on pit membranes （PMs） and liquid uptake of four conifers. Af- ter alkali extraction, the deposits around the PMs almost dissolved in Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. and Cryptomeriajaponica D. Don wood which showed good liquid uptake. In contrast, in Larix leptolepis Gordon and Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco, although the tori adhered strongly to the pit aperture preventing liquid transportation, the liquid uptake of the woods improved markedly. More- over, the combined treatment of alkali extraction-transverse compression had no synergistic effect in improving liquid uptake. These results demonstrate that alkali extraction is effective in improving the liquid uptake of wood.展开更多
The complexity of plant cell walls impedes the conversion of cellulosic biomass to sugars. Pretreatment becomes a necessity to increase the digestibility of biomass. An in-depth understanding of the structure and unde...The complexity of plant cell walls impedes the conversion of cellulosic biomass to sugars. Pretreatment becomes a necessity to increase the digestibility of biomass. An in-depth understanding of the structure and underlying mechanisms governing deconstruction process is important. In the present study, the comprehensive investigation of morphological and structural changes in corn stover and sugarcane bagasse following ionic liquids dissolution and alkaline extraction was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, Confocal scanning laser microscopy, Atomic force microscopy and Dynamic light scattering studies. Both the substrates were pretreated with ILs 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate followed by alkaline extraction. The pronounced changes such as lignin, hemicelluloses removal and decreased cellulose crystallinity after the pretreatments lead to the structural transformation of matrix polymers. The enzymatic hydrolysis showed 90% theoretical sugar yield in case of sugarcane bagasse and 80% in corn stover following synergistically combined pretreatments.展开更多
Rechargeable alkali metal-air batteries are considered as the most promising candidate for the power source of electric vehicles(EVs) due to their high energy density. However, the practical application of metal-air b...Rechargeable alkali metal-air batteries are considered as the most promising candidate for the power source of electric vehicles(EVs) due to their high energy density. However, the practical application of metal-air batteries is still challenging. In the past decade, many strategies have been purposed and explored, which promoted the development of metal-air batteries. The reaction mechanisms have been gradually clarified and catalysts have been rationally designed for air cathodes. In this review, we summarize the recent development of alkali metal-air batteries from four parts: metal anodes, electrolytes, air cathodes and reactant gases, wherein we highlight the important achievement in this filed. Finally problems and prospective are discussed towards the future development of alkali metal-air batteries.展开更多
基金supported by the Mission Project Fund,provided by the Center for Exploratory Research on Humanosphere,Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere,Kyoto University,Japan
文摘The present study examined the effect of alkali extraction on pit membranes （PMs） and liquid uptake of four conifers. Af- ter alkali extraction, the deposits around the PMs almost dissolved in Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. and Cryptomeriajaponica D. Don wood which showed good liquid uptake. In contrast, in Larix leptolepis Gordon and Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco, although the tori adhered strongly to the pit aperture preventing liquid transportation, the liquid uptake of the woods improved markedly. More- over, the combined treatment of alkali extraction-transverse compression had no synergistic effect in improving liquid uptake. These results demonstrate that alkali extraction is effective in improving the liquid uptake of wood.
文摘The complexity of plant cell walls impedes the conversion of cellulosic biomass to sugars. Pretreatment becomes a necessity to increase the digestibility of biomass. An in-depth understanding of the structure and underlying mechanisms governing deconstruction process is important. In the present study, the comprehensive investigation of morphological and structural changes in corn stover and sugarcane bagasse following ionic liquids dissolution and alkaline extraction was done using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis, Confocal scanning laser microscopy, Atomic force microscopy and Dynamic light scattering studies. Both the substrates were pretreated with ILs 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate followed by alkaline extraction. The pronounced changes such as lignin, hemicelluloses removal and decreased cellulose crystallinity after the pretreatments lead to the structural transformation of matrix polymers. The enzymatic hydrolysis showed 90% theoretical sugar yield in case of sugarcane bagasse and 80% in corn stover following synergistically combined pretreatments.
基金supported by NSFC(21473094 and21421001)MOE Innovation Team(IRT13022) in China
文摘Rechargeable alkali metal-air batteries are considered as the most promising candidate for the power source of electric vehicles(EVs) due to their high energy density. However, the practical application of metal-air batteries is still challenging. In the past decade, many strategies have been purposed and explored, which promoted the development of metal-air batteries. The reaction mechanisms have been gradually clarified and catalysts have been rationally designed for air cathodes. In this review, we summarize the recent development of alkali metal-air batteries from four parts: metal anodes, electrolytes, air cathodes and reactant gases, wherein we highlight the important achievement in this filed. Finally problems and prospective are discussed towards the future development of alkali metal-air batteries.
