This work presents a synthesis of bimetallic NiMo and NiW modified ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites and their heterogeneous catalytic conversion of crude palm oil( CPO) to biofuels. The ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites were synthesized...This work presents a synthesis of bimetallic NiMo and NiW modified ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites and their heterogeneous catalytic conversion of crude palm oil( CPO) to biofuels. The ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites were synthesized through a self-assembly of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide( CTAB) surfactant with silica-alumina from ZSM-5 zeolite,prepared from natural kaolin by the hydrothermal technique. Subsequently,the synthesized composites were deposited with bimetallic NiMo and NiW by impregnation method. The obtained catalysts presented a micro-mesoporous structure,confirmed by XRD,SEM,TEM,EDX,NH_3-TPD,XRF and N_2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The results of CPO conversion demonstrate that the catalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts decreases in the series of NiMo-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > Ni-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > Mo-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > W-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > NiMo-ZSM-5 > NiW-ZSM-5 > ZSM-5/MCM-41 > ZSM-5 > MCM-41. It was found that the bimetallic NiMo-and NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalysts give higher yields of liquid hydrocarbons than other catalysts at a given conversion. Types of hydrocarbon in liquid products,identified by simulated distillation gas chromatography-flame ionization detector( SimDis GC-FID),are gasoline( 150-200 ℃; C5-12),kerosene( 250-300 ℃; C5-20) and diesel( 350 ℃; C7-20).Moreover,the conversion of CPO to biofuel products using the NiMo-and NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalysts offers no statistically significant difference( P> 0.05) at 95% confidence level,evaluated by SPSS analysis.展开更多
Owing to an environment-friendly utilization of resources, increased attention has been focused on fuels and chemicals from biomass as an alternative to fossil resources. In addition, supercritical fluid technology ha...Owing to an environment-friendly utilization of resources, increased attention has been focused on fuels and chemicals from biomass as an alternative to fossil resources. In addition, supercritical fluid technology has been considered to be an environmentally-benign treatment. Therefore, its technology was applied for a conversion of biomass to useful fuels and chemicals in order to mitigate environmental loading. For example, supercritical water treatment has demonstrated that lignocellulosics can be hydrolyzed to become lignin-derived products for useful aromatic chemicals and carbohydrate-derived products, such as polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and monosaccharides of glucose, mannose and xylose used for subsequent ethanol fermentation. If this treatment is prolonged, lignocellulosics were found to be converted to organic acids such as formic, acetic, glycolic and lactic acids which can be converted to methane for biofuel. When alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, were used instead of water, some other useful products were achieved, and its liquefied products were found to have a potential for liquid biofuel. In this study, therefore, our research achievements in supercritical fluid science of woody biomass will be introduced for clean and green chemistry for a sustainable environment.展开更多
研究了几种磺酸功能化离子液体催化纤维素在生物丁醇中转化为乙酰丙酸丁酯的性能.系统考察了催化剂的酸强度,用量,反应温度,时间和溶剂对纤维素转化效率和产物分布规律的影响.实验结果表明酸度最强的磺酸功能化离子液体1-(4-磺酸丁基)-3...研究了几种磺酸功能化离子液体催化纤维素在生物丁醇中转化为乙酰丙酸丁酯的性能.系统考察了催化剂的酸强度,用量,反应温度,时间和溶剂对纤维素转化效率和产物分布规律的影响.实验结果表明酸度最强的磺酸功能化离子液体1-(4-磺酸丁基)-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([C4H8SO3Hmim]HSO4)能够有效地催化纤维素转化为乙酰丙酸丁酯,且在优化的反应条件下纤维素的转化率高达98.4%,乙酰丙酸丁酯的产率为31.1%,同时共生产物甲酸丁酯、水溶性产物和生物油的产率分别为33.4%、20.6%和23.8%.该催化体系具有一定的耐水性能,水的添加量为0.2 m L时并不会严重影响纤维素的转化率.此外,酸性离子液体催化剂还表现出了良好的重复使用性能,使用六次后仍然保持较高的活性.展开更多
This research investigates the potential of blending complementary lard oil with rubber seed oil as feedstock for biodiesel production.Rubber seed oil,obtained through hexane extraction using the Soxhlet method,contai...This research investigates the potential of blending complementary lard oil with rubber seed oil as feedstock for biodiesel production.Rubber seed oil,obtained through hexane extraction using the Soxhlet method,contains the major fatty acids of oleic acid(C_(18:1)),palmitic acid(C_(16:0)),linoleic acid(C_(18:2)),and stearic acid(C_(18:0)),while rubber seed oil primarily consists of linoleic acid(C_(18:2)),oleic acid(C_(18:1)),linolenic acid(C_(18:3)),palmitic acid(C_(16:0)),and stearic acid(C_(18:0)).The least acid value of lard oil(0.55 mg KOH/g)can benefit of reducing soap formation of rubber seed oil during transesterification process in biodiesel production due to its substantial-high acid value(16.28 mg KOH/g).Blending at ratios below 80:20 volume ratio produced biodiesel exceeding 85%,utilizing CaO as a catalyst.Lard oil demonstrated a higher reaction rate constant(11.88×10^(-3)min^(-1))than rubber seed oil(2.11×10^(-3)min^(-1)),indicating a significant difference in performance.High acid value and free fatty acids in rubber seed oil correlated with lower reaction rates.Maintaining a mixture ratio below 80:20 volume ratio optimized reaction rates during biodiesel production.Biodiesel obtained from blends below 80:20 volume ratio met ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards,demonstrating suitability for bio-auto fuel.The drawbacks of using rubber seed oil as a raw material for biodiesel production are overcome by blending with lard oil,giving rise to expanding renewable energy options for rural communities,community enterprises,and large-scale biodiesel production.展开更多
Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources requires the development of efficient conversion technologies for production of second-generation biofuels ...Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources requires the development of efficient conversion technologies for production of second-generation biofuels from non-food resources. Thermochemical approaches hold great potential for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels. Direct thermochemical processes convert biomass into liquid fuels in one step using heat and catalysts and have many advantages over indirect and biological processes, such as greater feedstock flexibility, integrated conversion of whole biomass, and lower operation costs. Several direct thermochemical processes are employed in the production of liquid biofuels depending on the nature of the feedstock properties: such as fast pyrolysis/liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-oil, including upgrading methods, such as catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. Owing to the substantial amount of liquid fuels consumed by vehicular transport, converting biomass into drop-in liquid fuels may reduce the dependence of the fuel market on petroleumbased fuel products. In this review, we also summarize recent progress in technologies for large-scale equipment for direct thermochemical conversion. We focus on the technical aspects critical to commercialization of the technologies for production of liquid fuels from biomass,including feedstock type, cracking catalysts, catalytic cracking mechanisms, catalytic reactors, and biofuel properties. We also discuss future prospects for direct thermochemical conversion in biorefineries for the production of high grade biofuels.展开更多
基金The financial supported by Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University,Nakhon Ratchasimathe National Research Council of Thailand+3 种基金Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)Office of the Higher Education CommissionMinistry of Education and Materials Chemistry Research CenterDepartment of Chemistry Faculty of Science,Khon Kaen University,Thailand
文摘This work presents a synthesis of bimetallic NiMo and NiW modified ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites and their heterogeneous catalytic conversion of crude palm oil( CPO) to biofuels. The ZSM-5/MCM-41 composites were synthesized through a self-assembly of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide( CTAB) surfactant with silica-alumina from ZSM-5 zeolite,prepared from natural kaolin by the hydrothermal technique. Subsequently,the synthesized composites were deposited with bimetallic NiMo and NiW by impregnation method. The obtained catalysts presented a micro-mesoporous structure,confirmed by XRD,SEM,TEM,EDX,NH_3-TPD,XRF and N_2 adsorption-desorption measurements. The results of CPO conversion demonstrate that the catalytic activity of the synthesized catalysts decreases in the series of NiMo-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > Ni-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > Mo-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > W-ZSM-5/MCM-41 > NiMo-ZSM-5 > NiW-ZSM-5 > ZSM-5/MCM-41 > ZSM-5 > MCM-41. It was found that the bimetallic NiMo-and NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalysts give higher yields of liquid hydrocarbons than other catalysts at a given conversion. Types of hydrocarbon in liquid products,identified by simulated distillation gas chromatography-flame ionization detector( SimDis GC-FID),are gasoline( 150-200 ℃; C5-12),kerosene( 250-300 ℃; C5-20) and diesel( 350 ℃; C7-20).Moreover,the conversion of CPO to biofuel products using the NiMo-and NiW-ZSM-5/MCM-41 catalysts offers no statistically significant difference( P> 0.05) at 95% confidence level,evaluated by SPSS analysis.
文摘Owing to an environment-friendly utilization of resources, increased attention has been focused on fuels and chemicals from biomass as an alternative to fossil resources. In addition, supercritical fluid technology has been considered to be an environmentally-benign treatment. Therefore, its technology was applied for a conversion of biomass to useful fuels and chemicals in order to mitigate environmental loading. For example, supercritical water treatment has demonstrated that lignocellulosics can be hydrolyzed to become lignin-derived products for useful aromatic chemicals and carbohydrate-derived products, such as polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and monosaccharides of glucose, mannose and xylose used for subsequent ethanol fermentation. If this treatment is prolonged, lignocellulosics were found to be converted to organic acids such as formic, acetic, glycolic and lactic acids which can be converted to methane for biofuel. When alcohols, such as methanol and ethanol, were used instead of water, some other useful products were achieved, and its liquefied products were found to have a potential for liquid biofuel. In this study, therefore, our research achievements in supercritical fluid science of woody biomass will be introduced for clean and green chemistry for a sustainable environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21336002,21276094)Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(20130172110043)~~
文摘研究了几种磺酸功能化离子液体催化纤维素在生物丁醇中转化为乙酰丙酸丁酯的性能.系统考察了催化剂的酸强度,用量,反应温度,时间和溶剂对纤维素转化效率和产物分布规律的影响.实验结果表明酸度最强的磺酸功能化离子液体1-(4-磺酸丁基)-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐([C4H8SO3Hmim]HSO4)能够有效地催化纤维素转化为乙酰丙酸丁酯,且在优化的反应条件下纤维素的转化率高达98.4%,乙酰丙酸丁酯的产率为31.1%,同时共生产物甲酸丁酯、水溶性产物和生物油的产率分别为33.4%、20.6%和23.8%.该催化体系具有一定的耐水性能,水的添加量为0.2 m L时并不会严重影响纤维素的转化率.此外,酸性离子液体催化剂还表现出了良好的重复使用性能,使用六次后仍然保持较高的活性.
基金financially supported by the Research and Development Institute at Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University,as well as by the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT)(N42A650196).
文摘This research investigates the potential of blending complementary lard oil with rubber seed oil as feedstock for biodiesel production.Rubber seed oil,obtained through hexane extraction using the Soxhlet method,contains the major fatty acids of oleic acid(C_(18:1)),palmitic acid(C_(16:0)),linoleic acid(C_(18:2)),and stearic acid(C_(18:0)),while rubber seed oil primarily consists of linoleic acid(C_(18:2)),oleic acid(C_(18:1)),linolenic acid(C_(18:3)),palmitic acid(C_(16:0)),and stearic acid(C_(18:0)).The least acid value of lard oil(0.55 mg KOH/g)can benefit of reducing soap formation of rubber seed oil during transesterification process in biodiesel production due to its substantial-high acid value(16.28 mg KOH/g).Blending at ratios below 80:20 volume ratio produced biodiesel exceeding 85%,utilizing CaO as a catalyst.Lard oil demonstrated a higher reaction rate constant(11.88×10^(-3)min^(-1))than rubber seed oil(2.11×10^(-3)min^(-1)),indicating a significant difference in performance.High acid value and free fatty acids in rubber seed oil correlated with lower reaction rates.Maintaining a mixture ratio below 80:20 volume ratio optimized reaction rates during biodiesel production.Biodiesel obtained from blends below 80:20 volume ratio met ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards,demonstrating suitability for bio-auto fuel.The drawbacks of using rubber seed oil as a raw material for biodiesel production are overcome by blending with lard oil,giving rise to expanding renewable energy options for rural communities,community enterprises,and large-scale biodiesel production.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31422013)the Research Institute of New Technology,Special Fund for Fundamental Research(CAFYBB2014ZD003)for financial support during this investigation
文摘Increased demand for liquid transportation fuels, environmental concerns and depletion of petroleum resources requires the development of efficient conversion technologies for production of second-generation biofuels from non-food resources. Thermochemical approaches hold great potential for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into liquid fuels. Direct thermochemical processes convert biomass into liquid fuels in one step using heat and catalysts and have many advantages over indirect and biological processes, such as greater feedstock flexibility, integrated conversion of whole biomass, and lower operation costs. Several direct thermochemical processes are employed in the production of liquid biofuels depending on the nature of the feedstock properties: such as fast pyrolysis/liquefaction of lignocellulosic biomass for bio-oil, including upgrading methods, such as catalytic cracking and hydrogenation. Owing to the substantial amount of liquid fuels consumed by vehicular transport, converting biomass into drop-in liquid fuels may reduce the dependence of the fuel market on petroleumbased fuel products. In this review, we also summarize recent progress in technologies for large-scale equipment for direct thermochemical conversion. We focus on the technical aspects critical to commercialization of the technologies for production of liquid fuels from biomass,including feedstock type, cracking catalysts, catalytic cracking mechanisms, catalytic reactors, and biofuel properties. We also discuss future prospects for direct thermochemical conversion in biorefineries for the production of high grade biofuels.
