Metabolomic studies of human gastric cancer:Review

Metabolomics is a field of study in systems biology that involves the identification and quantification of metabolites present in a biological system. Analyzing metabolic differences between unperturbed and perturbed networks, such as cancerous and noncancerous samples, can provide insight into underlying disease pathology, disease prognosis and diagnosis. Despite the large number of review articles concerning metabolomics and its application in cancer research, biomarker and drug discovery, these reviews do not focus on a specific type of cancer. Metabolomics may provide biomarkers useful for identification of early stage gastric cancer, potentially addressing an important clinical need. Here, we present a short review on metabolomics as a tool for biomarker discovery in human gastric cancer, with a primary focus on its use as a predictor of anticancer drug chemosensitivity, diagnosis, prognosis, and metastasis.

Exploring Chemovar-Specific Cannabis Extracts Quantification and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Compounds for Targeting Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) represents one of the most aggressive and metastatic brain tumors, with a dismal success rate of less than three percent after five years, particularly in tumors with active immune checkpoints. This necessitates the development of targeted endogenous agents for precise GBM treatment. Previous experiments utilizing Chemovar Specific Cannabis Extractions (CSCEs), fractionated with polar solvents and quantified using Liquid and Gas Column Chromatography combined with Mass Spectrometry (LC/GCMS), have shown reduced viability and motility in human GBM cell lines. However, the complexity of the botanical substance has hindered the personalization of standard cannabis medicines for GBM due to unknown synergistic effects of multiple compounds. To address this limitation, our study focuses on exposing AM251 cells to chemovar fractions extracted using a non-polar solvent, thereby isolating a broader spectrum of constituents. By employing LC/GCMS in conjunction with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), we have identified and quantified nine* compounds present in the non-polar CSCE that exhibit significant efficacy (0.1 μM) in inducing cytotoxicity* in GBM tumor cells. Conversely, the polar fraction in our experiment did not demonstrate efficacy against UM251 cells. The quantification of individual compounds within a cannabis extraction that selectively induces cell death in brain tumors holds promise for guiding future research and facilitating the development of a standardized CSCE for GBM therapy.

基于离子液的超声辅助萃取小蓼叶中的精油及真实溶剂似导体屏蔽模型研究

Ionic liquids ( ILs) based ultrasonic-assisted extract has been applied for the extraction of essential oil from Persicaria minor leaves. The effects of temperature,sonication time,and particle size of the plant material on the yield of essential oil were investigated. Among the different ILs employed,1-ethyl-3-methyli midazolium acetate was the most effective,providing a 9. 55% yield of the essential oil under optimum conditions( 70 ℃,25 min,IL ∶hexane ratio of 7 ∶10 ( v /v) ,particle size 60-80 mesh) . The performance of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate in the extraction was attributed to its lowviscosity and ability to disintegrate the structural matrix of the plant material. The ability of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate was also confirmed using the conductor like-screening model for realistic solvents. This research proves that ILs can be used to extract essential oils from lignocellulosic biomass.

liver and the defects of cholesterol and bile acids biosynthesis: rare disorders many diagnostic pitfalls

In recent decades, biotechnology produced a growth of knowledge on the causes and mechanisms of metabolic diseases that have formed the basis for their study, diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, it is well known that the clinical features of metabolic diseases can manifest themselves with very different characteristics and escape early detection. Also, it is well known that the prognosis of many metabolic diseases is excellent if diagnosed and treated early. In this editorial we briefly summarized two groups of inherited metabolic diseases, the defects of cholesterol biosynthesis and those of bile acids. Both groups show variable clinical manifestations but some clinical signs and symptoms are common in both the defects of cholesterol and bile acids. The differential diagnosis can be made analyzing sterol profiles in blood and/or bile acids in blood and urine by chromatographic techniques(GC-MS and LC-MS/MS). Several defects of both biosynthetic pathways are treatable so early diagnosis is crucial. Unfortunately their diagnosis is made too late, due either to the clinical heterogeneity of the syndromes(severe, mild and very mild) that to the scarcity of scientific dissemination of these rare diseases. Therefore, the delay in diagnosis leads the patient to the medical observation when the disease has produced irreversible damages to the body. Here, we highlighted simple clinical and laboratory descriptions that can potentially make you to suspect a defect in cholesterol biosynthesis and/or bile acids, as well, we suggest appropriate request of the laboratory tests that along with common clinical features can help to diagnose these defects.

Phytochemical constituents,antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Ardisia elliptica

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antibacterial,and chemical ingredients of Ardisia elliptica(A.elliptica) methanolic extracts.Methods:The plant was extracted using methanol.Antibacterial and antioxidant activities were evaluated.Results:The results showed that both fruit and leaf extract of A.elliptica have significant antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.Fruit extracts showed higher content of phenolic(71 ± 0.03 GAE/mg extract dry weight),in comparison to the leaf extracts(37 ± 0.05 GAE/mg extract dry weight).Flavonoid content,and Fe2+chelating activity of fruit extracts were higher than leaf extract.The percentage radical inhibition of fruit extract is found to be higher(70%) than that of leaf extract(60%).LCMS results indicated that the major compounds in the fruit extract were Gingerol,Aspidin,Kampherol,and Stercuresin,while the leaf extract contained Gingerol,Aspidin,Triangularin,and Salicyl acyl glucuronide.Furthermore,the results of GCMS indicated that fruit extract contained these major compounds:Vitamin E Tocopherol,5-hepylresornicol,2-Nonylmalonic acid,5-pentadecylresornicol,and Stigmasta-7-22-dien-3-ol.However,leaf extract of A.elliptica contained these major compounds:Alpha Amyrenol,4,4,6,6a,6b,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12 a,14,14 a,14 b octadehydro-2H-picen-3-one,and Lonasterol,4-t-Butyl-2-[4-nitrophenyl] phenol.Conclusions:The results provide evidence that fruit and leaf of A.elliptica extracts might indeed be used as a potential source of effective natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in pharmaceutical and food industries.

Simultaneous determination of free methamphetamine,pethidine,ketamine and tramadol in urine by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MS

A simple and rapid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction(DLLME)technique coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry(GC–MS)was developed for the extraction and analysis of methamphetamine(MA),pethidine(PD),ketamine(KT)and tramadol(TD)from human urine.In this study,different parameters affecting the extraction process such as the type and volume of extraction solvent,type and volume of disperser solvent,extraction time and pH value and salt effect were studied and optimized.Under optimized conditions,the enrichment factor ranged from 185 to 226 and the average recovery ranged from 80.45%to 95.55%.The linear range was 10.0–1000.0 mg/L,the limit of detection and quantitation were in the range 0.43–1.96 mg/L and 1.44–6.53 mg/L,respectively.The relative standard deviations were in the range 1.98%–3.90%(n=7).The obtained results show that DLLME combined with GC–MS is a fast and simple method for the determination of MA,PD,KT and TD in human urine.

Determination of five endosulfan pesticides in the fish pond water by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with GC–MS

A simple and rapid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction(DLLME)technique coupled with gas chromatography-ion trap mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was developed for the extraction and analysis of five endosulfan pesticides from the fish pond water.In this work,different parameters affecting the extraction process such as the type and volume of extraction solvent,type and volume of disperser solvent,and extraction time were studied and optimized.Under optimized conditions,the enrichment factor ranged from 189 to 269 and the relative recovery ranged from 88.5%to 94.9%.The linear range was 2.0-80.0 mg/L;the limits of detection and quantitation were in the range 0.04-1.06 mg/L and 0.12-3.53 mg/L,respectively.The relative standard deviations were in the range 0.94%-2.08%(n D 5).The obtained results show that DLLME combined with GC-MS is a fast and simple method for the determination of endosulfan pesticides in fish pond water.