Rapid Screening of 26 Organophosphorus Pesticides in Fresh Milk by Ultra Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

[Objectives]A rapid screening and analysis method for 26 organophosphorus agrochemicals in fresh milk was established using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry.[Methods]Raw milk was extracted with acetonitrile solution containing 0.2%formic acid by volume,and purified with a Dikma ProElut QuECHERS solid phase extraction cartridge.Target compounds were separated on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 chromatographic column(2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8μm)with methanol-water solution as a mobile phase for gradient elution,and through scanning with an electrospray ion source in positive ion mode,26 kinds of organophosphorus agrochemicals could be accurately qualitatively determined within 10 min.[Results]When using formic acid acetonitrile with a volume fraction of 0.2%,there were more types of detected compounds and a greater recovery;and using B cartridge could effectively eliminate the interference of non-polar substances such as phospholipids,achieve higher number of detected compounds than those of A and C,and well separate the 26 kinds of agrochemical residues.[Conclusions]This study provides a reference method for the rapid screening of agrochemical residues in dairy cows in the future.

CO₂Absorption Solvent Degradation Compound Identification Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Quadrapole-Time of Flight (LCMSQTOF)

The degradation of the alkanolamine solvent used in the removal of acid gases from natural gas streams due to exposure to contaminants, thermal degradation and presence of oxygen or oxygen containing compounds will change the solvent properties, such as heat transfer coefficient, diffusion coefficient, and mass transfer coefficient of the solvent. Therefore, characterization and quantification of amine degradation product becomes one of the important analyses to determine alkanolamine solvent’s health. In order to identify degradation products of alkanolamine solvent, analytical strategies by using mass spectrometry (MS) as detector have been studied extensively. In this work, due to the low concentration of the amine degradation product, a method was developed for identification of alkanolamine degradation products using LCMS-QTOF technique. A strategy for identification of trace degradation products has been identified. Six (6) alkanolamine degradation products had been identified by using LCMS-QTOF targeted analysis in the blended alkanolamine solvent used in natural gas processing plant. Another fifteen (15) molecular formulas having similarity in chemical structure to alkanolamine degradation products were identified using untargeted analysis strategy, as possible compounds related to degradation products. Using LCMS-QTOF via targeted and untargeted analysis strategy, without tedious column separation and reference standard, enables laboratory to provide a quick and indicative information for alkanolamine solvent’s organic degradation compounds identification in CO2 adsorption, within reasonable analysis time.

Determination of 19 polyphenolic compounds in tea by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry

A rapid method was presented for the determination of 19 polyphenols in tea by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF MS).Tea samples were extracted by 50%(V/V)ethanol,then separated by Waters Acquity BEH C18 column using a binary solvent system composed of acetonitrile and water(0.1%formic acid)by gradient elution.The analytes were determined by Q-TOF MS in TOF MS and information dependent acquisition(IDA)-MS/MS mode.The results showed that mass accuracy error of the 19 polyphenols were lower than 5.0×10^(-6),good linear relationship was got in range of 0.2–500μg/L and correlation coefficient was higher than 0.9990.The LOD was in the range of 0.002–0.100 mg/kg and the LOQ was in the range of 0.004–0.200 mg/kg.Recovery of the method was in range of 78.4%–109.2%with spike levels of 0.004–2.000 mg/kg,relative standard deviations were lower than 10%.The method was simple,rapid and accurate.It could be used for the rapid screening and quantitative analysis of 19 polyphenols in tea.

Screening for Plant Toxins in Honey and Herbal Beverage by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Mobility-Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

The standards of plant toxins were separated by a C18 column with gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid/water (V/V) and 0.1% formic acid/acetonitrile (V/V) as mobile phase and acquired by ion mobility-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (IM-QTOF MS) in positive ion mode. A database of 308 plant toxins including retention time, collision cross-section (CCS) and its fragment ions was established. Honey dissolved in water or herbal beverage was extracted by acetonitrile and purified with PSA sorbent, and then acquired by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography IM-QTOFMS. The acquired data were processed by comparing with the database we established to confirm the target compounds. The average recoveries for samples at two levels ranged from 60.6% - 120.1%, with relative standard deviation (n = 6) less than 25%. The limit of quantitation for plant toxins ranged from 1 - 20 μg/kg. The developed screening method was used in determination of honey, herbal beverage and honey flavored tea beverage samples. The results showed that berberine was detected in one honey with 1 μg/kg and caffeine was present in some beverages with the concentration from 200 and 5500 μg/kg. This method could meet the requirement for rapid screening of plant toxins in honey and herbal beverage. It can be used for the quality control of honey and herbal beverage in enterprises or quality inspection departments. It also can be used in the rapid screening of food poisoning.

Lysophosphatidylcholine Biomarkers of Lung Cancer Detected by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry

Centrifugal ultrafiltration after methanol extraction of whole plasma was used as an optimal condition for the preparation of blood plasma before metabonomic studies. The plasma samples from 102 lung cancer patients and 34 healthy volunteers were prepared with this approach. With ultra-performance liquid chromatography（UPLC） coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry（Q-TOF MS） analysis, the samples were investigated in order to find potential disease biomarkers. After data acquisition, orthogonal signal correction partial least squares models were built to differentiate the healthy volunteers from lung cancer patients and to identify metabolites that showed significantly different expression between the two groups. Several metabolite ions were identified as potential biomarkers according to the variable importance in the project（VIP） value in both ion modes. Five lysophosphatidylcholines were further identified as specifically lysoPC 16：0, isomer of lysoPC 16：0, lysoPC 18：0, lysoPC 18：1 and lysoPC 18：2. These results suggest that UPLC coupled with Q-TOF MS is an effective technique for the analysis of plasma metabolites in metabonomic studies.

Screening and Identifying of Nephrotoxic Compounds in Lithospermum erythrorhizon Using Live-cell Fluorescence Imaging and Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

In order to identify the potential nephrotoxic compounds in traditional Chinese medicine Lithospermum erythrorhizon,it was separated into serial fractions according to their polarities.An in vitro method was utilized to determine the nephrotoxicity of these fractions with the help of fluorescence image analysis.As a result,the primary fraction A05 and its secondary fractions C06 ＂C09 and C12 ＂C14 were found to have significant toxicity to LLC-PK1 cell line,as determined by the survive rate less than 20% after they were treated with these fractions.These potential nephrotoxic fractions were further analyzed by multistage and high resolution mass spectrometry.The main compounds in these fractions were tentatively identified to be acetylshikonin,isobutyrylshikonin,β,β＇-dimethyla-cryloylshikonin,and isovalerylshikonin,which may bring nephrotoxicity.

RRLC-TOF/MS鉴别防风血浆、尿液中成分及代谢产物

目的应用高分离度快速液相-飞行时间质谱(RRLC-TOF/MS)联用技术鉴别防风入血成分及尿液中的原型成分及代谢产物,以探索防风可能的药效成分及体内代谢过程。方法采用Angilent Zorbax Extend-C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μmid),甲醇-水流动相体系梯度洗脱,在飞行时间质谱正离子模式下扫描,利用TOF/MS得到的准确相对分子质量,对照化学成分数据库,对血浆、尿液中的防风成分及代谢物进行鉴别。结果鉴别出血浆中6个防风原型成分:蔗糖、升麻苷、升麻素、紫花前胡苷元、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷和3'-O-i-丁酰亥茅酚;尿液中8个原型成分:升麻苷、divaricatacid、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、(3S)-2,2-二甲基-3,5-二羟基-8-羟甲基-3,4-二氢-2H,6H-苯并-[1,2-b:5,4-b']双吡喃-6-酮、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇、亥茅酚苷和汉黄芩素;及2个代谢产物:升麻素的葡萄糖醛酸苷和升麻素的同分异构体。结论该方法可靠、有效,可成功用于防风体内成分鉴别,并为进一步的药效实验提供参考和依据。

HPLC-TOF/MS对中药复方扶正平消胶囊化学成分的鉴别

目的运用高效液相-高分辨飞行时间质谱(HPLC-TOF/MS)技术对中药复方扶正平消胶囊化学成分进行鉴别。方法色谱分离采用Agilent Eclipse plus C18(4.6mm×250mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液,梯度洗脱:0～90min,5%A～95%A;柱温25℃;流速1ml/min,柱后分流比为31。质谱定性采用飞行时间质谱,电喷雾离子源(ESI),正负离子模式共同监测,质量数扫描范围m/z 100～1 100。结果共鉴别出扶正平消胶囊中247种的化学成分,其中正离子模式下168个、负离子模式下103个、正负离子均有响应24个,并对成分进行了药材归属。结论建立了一种基于HPLC-TOF/MS技术对中药复方扶正平消胶囊中的化学成分进行鉴别的有效方法,为其质量控制及体内的深入研究奠定了基础。

基于HPLC-TOF-MS代谢组学方法的溴鼠灵毒性作用评价

目的分析溴鼠灵中毒大鼠尿液的代谢特征,揭示溴鼠灵干预对大鼠毒性作用的分子机制。方法通过构建大鼠溴鼠灵中毒模型,采用高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(high performance liquid chromatographytime of flight mass spectrometry,HPLC-TOF-MS)获取大鼠尿液代谢轮廓,并用正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)进行多变量统计分析,找出与溴鼠灵毒性作用密切相关的差异代谢物。结果 OPLS-DA得分图显示给药前后不同时间的大鼠尿液样本代谢物轨迹在各时间段内相似度较好,呈现各自聚类现象。比较溴鼠灵给药前后大鼠尿液样本,筛选出22个与溴鼠灵毒性相关的差异代谢物。结论溴鼠灵主要通过干扰大鼠体内的三羧酸循环、糖酵解、鞘脂代谢和色氨酸代谢等代谢通路发挥毒性作用,且溴鼠灵毒性作用具有累积效应。基于尿液HPLC-TOF-MS代谢组学方法可为溴鼠灵毒性作用的分子机制研究提供新思路。

HPLC-TOF/MS鉴别大鼠给药重楼提取物后尿液中甾体皂苷类成分

目的采用高效液相-飞行时间质谱(HPLC-TOF/MS)联用技术快速分离并鉴别大鼠灌胃给予重楼提取物后尿液中甾体皂苷类成分,以探索重楼皂苷在大鼠体内的代谢途径。方法选用SD大鼠,按照1.6g/kg体质量灌胃给予重楼提取物,收集给药后24h内的尿液。样品分析采用MG-C18柱(3.0mm×100mm,3.0μm),乙腈-0.1%甲酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,在TOF/MS电喷雾离子源下采集正、负离子模式下的数据。利用TOF/MS得到的精确相对分子质量,对照化学成分数据库,对尿液中的甾体皂苷类成分进行鉴别。结果共鉴别出尿液中20个甾体皂苷原型成分,通过碎片离子以及与对照品相比较鉴别出2对同分异构体:重楼皂苷Ⅶ和偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→3)[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷,纤细薯蓣皂苷和偏诺皂苷元-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→2)[α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→4)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷。结论该方法准确、可靠,可成功用于重楼体内成分的鉴别,可为药动学和药效学研究提供参考。

LC-ToF-MS和LC-QqQ-MS测定动物肌肉组织中的青霉素

通过对前处理步骤的优化,建立了动物肌肉组织中青霉素的多组分残留检测方法.采用固相萃取富集净化提取液,吹氮浓缩后上机测试,利用高效液相色谱分离目标物,比较了飞行时间质谱(ToF-MS)和三重四极杆串联质谱(QqQ-MS)测定青霉素方法的精密度、回收率和检出限.结果表明,飞行时间质谱在检出限、精密度和回收率等方面均不如串联质谱的检测效果好.采用串联质谱对肌肉样品进行分析,实际样品加标回收率达75%以上(除阿莫西林外),精密度高,检出限低于欧盟规定的最大残留限值(MRL),该方法适合于肌肉样品中青霉素的测定.

基于UPLC-TOF-MS分析桂枝茯苓方制剂的入血成分

目的:运用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-TOF-MS)技术快速分析桂枝茯苓方制剂的入血成分,为该制剂的人体内药效物质研究提供参考。方法:以雄性SD大鼠为实验对象,灌胃给予桂枝茯苓丸和桂枝茯苓胶囊,收集血清样品,采用UPLC-TOF-MS技术分析并鉴定吸收入血的原型成分和代谢产物。结果:从桂枝茯苓丸入血成分中分离和鉴定了4个原型入血成分,从桂枝茯苓胶囊入血成分中分离和鉴定了6个原型入血成分,1个代谢产物。结论:建立UPLC-TOF-MS快速分析桂枝茯苓方的入血成分可为该制剂的药效物质研究提供一定的基础。

Using cell membrane chromatography and HPLC-TOF/MS method for in vivo study of active components from roots of Aconitum carmichaeli

An offline two-dimensional system combining a rat cardiac mascle cell membrane chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry （CMC-TOF/MS） with a high performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry （HPLC-TOF/MS） was established for investigating the parent components and metabolites in rat urine samples after administration of the roots of Aconitum carmichaeli. On the basis of the analysis of the first dimension, retention components of the urine sample were collected into 30 fractions （one fraction per minute）. Then offline analysis of the second dimension was carried out. 34 compounds including 24 parent alkaloids and 10 potential metabolites were identified from the dosed rat urine, and then binding affinities of different compounds on cell membranes were compared and influences of some functional groups on activity were estimated with the semi-quantification and curve fitting method. As a result, binding affinities decreased along with the process of deacylation, debenzoylation and demethylation, which may be related to the alleviation of toxicity in the procedure of herb processing or metabolism. Moreover, some minor components in rat urine （Songorine, 14-benzoylneoline, Deoxyaconitine, etc. ） exerted relatively strong affinity on cell membranes are worth exploring. The results delivered by the system suggest that the CMC can be applied to in vivo study.

Identification of the active ingredients from Guangtongxiao decoction in rat bile based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography/Synapt G2 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry

OBJECTIVE:To identify the active ingredients and metabolites in rat bile after Guangtongxiao decoction(GTX)had been administered via the rectal route.METHODS:Drug-containing bile samples were collected via a catheter in the bile duct and could be used 5 h after rectal administration.The main active components and their metabolites in rat bile following rectal administration of GTX were identified and analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.RESULTS:Positive and negative modes were applied to analyze and identify the chemical ingredients in the bioactive fractions of GTX.Eight peaks were identified by comparison with the standard compounds:berberine hydrochloride,dehydrocorydaline,tetrahydropalmatine,corydaline,magnoflorine,magnolol,obacunone and albiflorin.Furthermore,60 metabolites were detected in rat bile based on mass-fragmentation behaviors,and 21 metabolites were reported for the first time.CONCLUSION:Our findings provide a solid basis for further pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic studies of GTX.

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱用于化妆品中15种前列腺素类似物的快速筛查和测定

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间高分辨质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)快速筛查和测定化妆品中15种前列腺素类似物的方法。样品以饱和氯化钠作为分散剂(蜡质类样品以四氢呋喃分散),经乙腈提取,离心取上清液过滤后,采用Poroshell 120 EC-C_(18)柱(150 mm×3.0 mm,2.7μm)分离,以5 mmol/L甲酸铵(含0.1%甲酸)-乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱。在ESI正离子模式下,采用Targeted MS/MS模式采集15种前列腺素类似物的质谱信息,构建筛查数据库进行快速筛查,确证后的目标物通过外标法定量。结果表明,15种前列腺素类似物的线性关系良好,相关系数(r^(2))均大于0.99;检出限为0.3~17.6μg/g,定量下限为1.1~58.8μg/g。在低、中、高3个加标水平下,水剂、膏霜、乳类、粉类、凝胶5类化妆品基质的回收率为70.1%~134%,相对标准偏差不大于7.5%。该方法简单高效、准确度好,可用于化妆品中前列腺素类似物的定性确证和定量分析,为化妆品风险识别提供技术支撑。

复合露酒的非挥发性成分鉴定及抗疲劳效应

该研究采用高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间串联质谱联用(HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)法对复合露酒(38%vol)中的非挥发性化合物进行检测,并将复合露酒灌胃至小鼠22 d,考察其对小鼠负重游泳的影响,评价其抗疲劳的保健作用。结果表明,从复合露酒(0.2257 g生药/mL)中共鉴定出52种非挥发性物质,包括皂苷类24种、黄酮类6种、核苷类4种、氨基酸类4种、生物碱类3种、其他11种。与模型组相比,低、中、高剂量组小鼠体质量减少量均极显著减少(P<0.01);中、高剂量组小鼠负重游泳时间均极显著延长(P<0.01);低、中剂量组小鼠血尿素氮(BUN)含量显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05);低、中、高剂量组小鼠乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力、肝糖原(LG)含量显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.05),说明该款复合露酒非挥发性成分丰富,可增强身体对负荷的适应性,具有明显的抗疲劳效果,对功能性食品开发提供一定的基础。

高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱法测定荔枝果实中29种农药多残留

采用高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱技术结合优化的QuEChERS方法,建立了荔枝全果中29种农药的多残留检测分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,利用无水硫酸镁吸水和氯化钠盐析作用,进行离心分层后,取部分乙腈上清液进行净化,净化剂为无水MgSO_(4)、N-丙基乙二胺吸附剂、石墨化碳黑吸附剂,采用电喷雾离子源正负离子交换扫描方式对29种农药数据信息进行采集。29种农药在质量浓度0.001~0.2 mg/L内具有较好线性相关性(相关系数R^(2)均大于0.99),在3个添加水平(0.01、0.1、0.5 mg/kg)下,29种农药的回收率均值为70.2%~102.4%,相对标准偏差为2.4%~6.2%。方法检出限为0.1~3μg/kg,定量限为0.3~10μg/kg。该方法具有操作便捷、回收率高和灵敏度高等特点,可用于同时快速测定荔枝中29种农药的多残留。

基于UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析江西特色炮制技术对中药升麻化学成分的影响

目的比较江西特色炮制技术对升麻化学成分的影响,筛选优质饮片品种。方法采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)技术,在正、负离子模式下分析升麻不同炮制品的化学成分,通过对照品、相对分子质量、质谱裂解规律和文献信息进行鉴定。利用SIMCA-P13.0软件建立升麻各炮制品主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)模型,获取PCA得分图、PLA-DA得分图和变量重要性投影(variable importance plot,VIP)值,筛选造成升麻炮制前后主要差异的物质基础。利用MetaboAnatyst网页绘图工具,制作得到热图,可更直观地观察升麻化学成分经炮制后的变化趋势。结果鉴定出71个化学成分,PCA显示经不同方法炮制后升麻组间差异性大,PLS-DA筛选出VIP值>1的33个化学成分作为炮制前后差异性的主要化学标记物。其中生品和蜜炙升麻中三萜类含量较高,蜜麸、蜜糠炒升麻中酚酸类物质含量较高,蜜麸升麻中阿魏酸含量较高。结论酚酸类和三萜皂苷类是区分升麻不同炮制品最重要的化合物类别,为江西特色升麻饮片的药效物质基础及优势品种研究提供了依据。

失笑散化学成分分析

目的分析失笑散的化学成分。方法采用超高效液相色谱串联三重四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)法,色谱柱为Cortecs UPLC T3柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.6μm),流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈(梯度洗脱),流速为0.3 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量为2μL;电喷雾离子源(ESI),正负离子模式。结果共解析出53个化学成分,其中组方药材蒲黄中23个,五灵脂中14个,其余16个为两者共有。蒲黄独有成分及其与五灵脂共有成分均以黄酮类成分为主,而五灵脂独有成分以萜类成分为主。结论该方法操作简便,重复性好,可为进一步研究失笑散的效应-物质基础提供依据。

基于自建数据库的超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法定量测定玉米中5种真菌毒素

目的基于自建数据库建立超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)测定玉米中玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)、交链孢酚(alternariol,AOH)、交链孢酚单甲醚(alternariol monomethyl ether,AME)、细交链孢菌酮酸(tenuazonic acid,TeA)、腾毒素(tentoxin,TEN)5种负离子真菌毒素的方法。方法样品经提取、净化、复溶后,采用Waters UPLC BEH C18色谱柱进行分离后在信息依赖型的扫描(information-dependent scanning,IDA)负离子模式采集。SCIEX OS Explorer条件下确定5种负离子真菌毒素精确数据录入数据库。在玉米基质中以筛查检出限作为主要参数验证方法。结果高分辨模式下采用加内标来改善基质干扰系数校正,在玉米基体中对真菌毒素类的基质效应θ进行计算,θ在0.84~1.10之间。基质匹配内标校准定量,5种负离子真菌毒素在范围内具有较好的线性关系,相关系数(r)为0.9972~0.9993。5种负离子真菌毒素的检出限为0.2~5.0μg/kg。玉米基质在低、中、高3个加标水平下的平均回收率为83.9%~119.4%,相对标准偏差为2.39%~11.37%(n=6)。用此方法检测内蒙地区120份玉米中5种负离子真菌毒素都有检出,TeA和TEN检出率高达98.1%和95.6%。有3份玉米中ZEN超过100μg/kg限量标准,应引起相关监管部门重视。结论本方法具有高通量、精准、快速等优点,可以在无标准物质情况下对玉米中ZEN、AOH、AME、TeA、TEN的定性筛查,为玉米中这5种真菌毒素污染监测提供技术支持。