[Objective] Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane was de- veloped and the fertilizer patterns were explored in the production to provide techni- cal support for fertigation production of modern ag...[Objective] Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane was de- veloped and the fertilizer patterns were explored in the production to provide techni- cal support for fertigation production of modern agriculture. [Method] ROC22 was selected as experimental material, two formulas of liquid special fertilizer for sugar- cane developed by the cooperation between Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sci- ences and New Orientation (Guangxi) Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd. were selected, namely, balanced 21-21-21 ~ TE of Xinfangxiang and hyperkalemic 13-6-39-TE of Xinfangxiang. Taking conventional fertilization as the control (CK), two modes of ap- plying base fertilizer at the earlier stage + fertigation in the tillering stage and ferti- gation in the whole growth period were set. [Result] The two modes of fertilization had not significant effects on the emergence of sugarcane, but applying base fertil- izer at the earlier stage + timely applying water soluble fertilizer in the tillering stage was conducive to the tillering of sugarcane. Harvest results showed that the effects of different treatments on plant height and yield were significant, in which the yield of sugarcane under the treatment of hyperkalemic water-soluble fertilizer increased by 13.04% compared with conventional treatment, and the income increased by 4 500 yuan/hm2, [Conclusion] Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane signifi- cantly promoted the growth of sugarcane, moreover, under the same condition, the effect of hyperkalemic water-soluble fertilizer was better.展开更多
土壤氨挥发是干旱区农田氮肥损失的重要途径之一,通过田间试验研究了施用棉花秸秆及其生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤无机氮含量及氨挥发的影响。试验设对照、施用棉花秸秆(12 t·hm-2)和等碳量生物炭(4.5 t·hm-2)三个处理,每个...土壤氨挥发是干旱区农田氮肥损失的重要途径之一,通过田间试验研究了施用棉花秸秆及其生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤无机氮含量及氨挥发的影响。试验设对照、施用棉花秸秆(12 t·hm-2)和等碳量生物炭(4.5 t·hm-2)三个处理,每个处理设置不施氮肥和施氮450 kg N·hm-2两种条件。试验结果表明,施用棉花秸秆和生物炭可显著降低土壤 NH+4-N 含量,分别较对照降低8.01豫~19.88豫和5.49豫~9.90豫。棉花秸秆及其生物炭处理土壤 NO-3- N 含量和脲酶活性在不施氮肥条件下显著降低,而在施氮肥条件下显著增加。不施氮肥条件下,棉花秸秆和生物炭处理土壤氨挥发较对照分别降低22.06豫和21.27豫;而在施氮450 kg N·hm-2条件下,分别降低30.58豫和40.59豫。因此,棉花秸秆及其生物炭还田都可以减少滴灌棉田氨挥发,其中生物炭还田效果更显著,是一种更好的秸秆利用方式。展开更多
研究氮肥对非充分灌溉下棉花花铃期光合特性及产量的补偿作用及其机制,以期为干旱地区棉花水肥高效利用提供理论依据。以"新陆中54号"为试材,采用裂区试验设计,主区为总灌溉量2800 m^3 hm^(–2)(非充分灌溉)和3800 m^3 hm^(–...研究氮肥对非充分灌溉下棉花花铃期光合特性及产量的补偿作用及其机制,以期为干旱地区棉花水肥高效利用提供理论依据。以"新陆中54号"为试材,采用裂区试验设计,主区为总灌溉量2800 m^3 hm^(–2)(非充分灌溉)和3800 m^3 hm^(–2)(常规灌溉),副区为4个施氮(纯N)水平(0、150、300和450 kg hm^(–2))。同一氮肥处理下,非充分灌溉处理棉花花铃期叶面积指数(LAI)、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、单株光合产物积累与分配、单株结铃数、单铃重及籽棉产量均低于常规灌溉处理,但籽棉增产率和灌溉水生产力高于常规灌溉处理;同一灌溉量下,随着氮肥施用量的增加,棉花花铃期LAI和单株光合产物积累量先增后降,且表现为N450>N300>N150>N0,T_r、P_n、单株光合产物向生殖器官分配比例、单株结铃数、单铃重、籽棉产量、籽棉增产率及灌溉水生产力均表现为N300>N450>N150>N0;非充分灌溉下增施氮肥的补偿效果随着氮肥用量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,N300处理补偿效果最显著,与常规灌溉处理相比,补偿效应主要表现在棉花花铃期P_n平均提高10.9%,单株光合产物积累向生殖积累器官分配比例提高10.7%,单株结铃数、单铃重、籽棉增产率及灌溉水生产力分别提高5.0%、8.0%、7.1%和7.5%;氮肥对棉花花铃期光合特性及产量构成因素的影响大于水分。非充分灌溉下氮肥施用量为300 kg hm^(–2)时补偿效应最大,虽然在产量上有所下降,但从干旱地区农业缺水的现实考虑,可准确灌溉施肥,且籽棉产量较常规灌溉处理仅下降1.3%。因此,在南疆自然生态条件下,非充分灌溉下施氮300 kg hm^(–2)时棉花花铃期LAI、T_r、P_n及单株光合产物积累量适宜,向生殖器官转运补偿效果显著,具有最大的产量补偿作用,且节水26.3%。展开更多
在SPAD营养诊断氮素施肥模型基础上,确定滴灌棉花不同生育期的最佳施氮量;结合单次灌溉时间、轮灌区面积的相关研究,确定不同规格配肥盘的配肥时间。通过对比配肥盘单位时间配肥量与施肥量之间的关系,确定滴灌精准施肥装置的施氮配肥能...在SPAD营养诊断氮素施肥模型基础上,确定滴灌棉花不同生育期的最佳施氮量;结合单次灌溉时间、轮灌区面积的相关研究,确定不同规格配肥盘的配肥时间。通过对比配肥盘单位时间配肥量与施肥量之间的关系,确定滴灌精准施肥装置的施氮配肥能力。结果表明:滴灌棉田单位时间施肥量只与单井出水量Q和特定棉花生育时期的施氮量Nd有关。该装置100、200、300 g 3个规格配肥盘无论在任何单井出水量情况下,都无法满足棉花全生育期追施氮肥的需要,400 g与500 g规格的配肥盘也只能满足特定单井出水量条件下的棉花追氮任务,并在此基础上对装置的优化与改进进行了阐述。展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund of Modern Agricultural Technology System Construction(CARS-20-3-5)the Project of Youth Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Gui Nong Ke 2014YQ33)the Special Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences-Key Project Fund(Gui Nong Ke 2013YZ12)~~
文摘[Objective] Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane was de- veloped and the fertilizer patterns were explored in the production to provide techni- cal support for fertigation production of modern agriculture. [Method] ROC22 was selected as experimental material, two formulas of liquid special fertilizer for sugar- cane developed by the cooperation between Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sci- ences and New Orientation (Guangxi) Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd. were selected, namely, balanced 21-21-21 ~ TE of Xinfangxiang and hyperkalemic 13-6-39-TE of Xinfangxiang. Taking conventional fertilization as the control (CK), two modes of ap- plying base fertilizer at the earlier stage + fertigation in the tillering stage and ferti- gation in the whole growth period were set. [Result] The two modes of fertilization had not significant effects on the emergence of sugarcane, but applying base fertil- izer at the earlier stage + timely applying water soluble fertilizer in the tillering stage was conducive to the tillering of sugarcane. Harvest results showed that the effects of different treatments on plant height and yield were significant, in which the yield of sugarcane under the treatment of hyperkalemic water-soluble fertilizer increased by 13.04% compared with conventional treatment, and the income increased by 4 500 yuan/hm2, [Conclusion] Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane signifi- cantly promoted the growth of sugarcane, moreover, under the same condition, the effect of hyperkalemic water-soluble fertilizer was better.
文摘土壤氨挥发是干旱区农田氮肥损失的重要途径之一,通过田间试验研究了施用棉花秸秆及其生物炭对滴灌棉田土壤无机氮含量及氨挥发的影响。试验设对照、施用棉花秸秆(12 t·hm-2)和等碳量生物炭(4.5 t·hm-2)三个处理,每个处理设置不施氮肥和施氮450 kg N·hm-2两种条件。试验结果表明,施用棉花秸秆和生物炭可显著降低土壤 NH+4-N 含量,分别较对照降低8.01豫~19.88豫和5.49豫~9.90豫。棉花秸秆及其生物炭处理土壤 NO-3- N 含量和脲酶活性在不施氮肥条件下显著降低,而在施氮肥条件下显著增加。不施氮肥条件下,棉花秸秆和生物炭处理土壤氨挥发较对照分别降低22.06豫和21.27豫;而在施氮450 kg N·hm-2条件下,分别降低30.58豫和40.59豫。因此,棉花秸秆及其生物炭还田都可以减少滴灌棉田氨挥发,其中生物炭还田效果更显著,是一种更好的秸秆利用方式。
文摘研究氮肥对非充分灌溉下棉花花铃期光合特性及产量的补偿作用及其机制,以期为干旱地区棉花水肥高效利用提供理论依据。以"新陆中54号"为试材,采用裂区试验设计,主区为总灌溉量2800 m^3 hm^(–2)(非充分灌溉)和3800 m^3 hm^(–2)(常规灌溉),副区为4个施氮(纯N)水平(0、150、300和450 kg hm^(–2))。同一氮肥处理下,非充分灌溉处理棉花花铃期叶面积指数(LAI)、净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、单株光合产物积累与分配、单株结铃数、单铃重及籽棉产量均低于常规灌溉处理,但籽棉增产率和灌溉水生产力高于常规灌溉处理;同一灌溉量下,随着氮肥施用量的增加,棉花花铃期LAI和单株光合产物积累量先增后降,且表现为N450>N300>N150>N0,T_r、P_n、单株光合产物向生殖器官分配比例、单株结铃数、单铃重、籽棉产量、籽棉增产率及灌溉水生产力均表现为N300>N450>N150>N0;非充分灌溉下增施氮肥的补偿效果随着氮肥用量的增加呈先增加后下降的趋势,N300处理补偿效果最显著,与常规灌溉处理相比,补偿效应主要表现在棉花花铃期P_n平均提高10.9%,单株光合产物积累向生殖积累器官分配比例提高10.7%,单株结铃数、单铃重、籽棉增产率及灌溉水生产力分别提高5.0%、8.0%、7.1%和7.5%;氮肥对棉花花铃期光合特性及产量构成因素的影响大于水分。非充分灌溉下氮肥施用量为300 kg hm^(–2)时补偿效应最大,虽然在产量上有所下降,但从干旱地区农业缺水的现实考虑,可准确灌溉施肥,且籽棉产量较常规灌溉处理仅下降1.3%。因此,在南疆自然生态条件下,非充分灌溉下施氮300 kg hm^(–2)时棉花花铃期LAI、T_r、P_n及单株光合产物积累量适宜,向生殖器官转运补偿效果显著,具有最大的产量补偿作用,且节水26.3%。
文摘在SPAD营养诊断氮素施肥模型基础上,确定滴灌棉花不同生育期的最佳施氮量;结合单次灌溉时间、轮灌区面积的相关研究,确定不同规格配肥盘的配肥时间。通过对比配肥盘单位时间配肥量与施肥量之间的关系,确定滴灌精准施肥装置的施氮配肥能力。结果表明:滴灌棉田单位时间施肥量只与单井出水量Q和特定棉花生育时期的施氮量Nd有关。该装置100、200、300 g 3个规格配肥盘无论在任何单井出水量情况下,都无法满足棉花全生育期追施氮肥的需要,400 g与500 g规格的配肥盘也只能满足特定单井出水量条件下的棉花追氮任务,并在此基础上对装置的优化与改进进行了阐述。