The flow visualization technique using shear-sensitive liquid crystal is applied to the investigation of a Mach 2 internal supersonic flow with pseudo-shock wave (PSW) in a pressure-vacuum supersonic wind tunnel. It...The flow visualization technique using shear-sensitive liquid crystal is applied to the investigation of a Mach 2 internal supersonic flow with pseudo-shock wave (PSW) in a pressure-vacuum supersonic wind tunnel. It provides qualitative information mainly concerning the overall flow structure, such as the turbulent boundary layer separation, reattachment locations and the dimensionalities of the flow. Besides, it can also give understanding of the surface streamlines, vortices in separation region and the corner effect of duct flow. Two kinds of crystals with different viscosities are used in experiments to analyze the viscosity effect. Results are compared with schlieren picture, confirming the effectiveness of liquid crystal in flow-visualization.展开更多
These experimental investigations are designed to study shock wave characteristics and spray structure. Supersonic liq- uid jets injected into ambient fields are empirically studied using projectile impacts in a two-s...These experimental investigations are designed to study shock wave characteristics and spray structure. Supersonic liq- uid jets injected into ambient fields are empirically studied using projectile impacts in a two-stage light gas gun. This study looks primarily at the design of the nozzle assembly, the tip velocity of the high speed jet, the structure of the spray jet and the shock wave generation process. The supersonic liquid jets were visualized using an ultra high-speed camera and the schlieren system for visualization to quantitatively analyze the shock wave angle. The experimental re- sults with straight cone nozzle types and various non-Newtonian fluid viscosities are presented in this paper. The effects of nozzle geometry on the jet behavior are described. The characteristics of the shock wave generation and spray jet structure were found to be significantly related to the nozzle geometry. The expansion gases accelerated the projectile, which had a mass of 6 grams, from 250 m/s. As a result, it was found that the maximum jet velocity appeared in the liquid jet with high viscosity properties. Supersonic liquid jets, which occurred at the leading edge the shock waves and the compression waves in front of the jets, were observed. Also, the shock waves significantly affected the atomization process for each spray droplet.展开更多
To address the high rock strength and low drilling rate issues in deep oil/gas and geothermal exploitation, we performed mechanical property tests on three kinds of rock samples(granite, shale and sandstone) subjected...To address the high rock strength and low drilling rate issues in deep oil/gas and geothermal exploitation, we performed mechanical property tests on three kinds of rock samples(granite, shale and sandstone) subjected to liquid nitrogen(LN2) cooling and conducted rock-breaking experiments using LN2 jet. Rock-breaking characteristics and mechanisms of LN2 jet, heat transfer features between LN2 and rock and thermal stress evolution in rock were analyzed. A novel high-pressure LN2 jet assisted drilling method was proposed accordingly. The study results show that LN2 thermal shock can significantly reduce uniaxial compression strength and elastic modulus of rock. Rock damage and corresponding mechanical deterioration become more pronounced with increasing rock temperature. The LN2 jet has merits of high rock-breaking efficiency and low threshold rock-breaking pressure. Rock failure under LN2 jet impact is characterized by large volume breakage and the rock-breaking performance becomes more significant with increase of rock temperature. Under the impact of LN2 jet, the damage of granite is the most remarkable among the three rock samples. Thus, this method works better for high temperature granite formations. It has a good application prospect in speeding up drilling rate in deep hot dry rock geothermal reservoirs.展开更多
Both experimental and numerical studies were presented on the flow field characteristics in the process of gaseous jet impinging on liquid–water column. The effects of the impinging process on the working performance...Both experimental and numerical studies were presented on the flow field characteristics in the process of gaseous jet impinging on liquid–water column. The effects of the impinging process on the working performance of rocket engine were also analyzed. The experimental results showed that the liquid–water had better flame and smoke dissipation effect in the process of gaseous jet impinging on liquid–water column. However, the interaction between the gaseous jet and the liquid–water column resulted in two pressure oscillations with large amplitude appearing in the combustion chamber of the rocket engine with instantaneous pressure increased by 17.73% and 17.93%, respectively. To analyze the phenomena, a new computational method was proposed by coupling the governing equations of the MIXTURE model with the phase change equations of water and the combustion equation of propellant. Numerical simulations were carried out on the generation of gas, the accelerate gas flow, and the mutual interaction between gaseous jet and liquid–water column.Numerical simulations showed that a cavity would be formed in the liquid–water column when gaseous jet impinged on the liquid–water column. The development speed of the cavity increased obviously after each pressure oscillation. In the initial stage of impingement, the gaseous jet was blocked due to the inertia effect of high-density water, and a large amount of gas gathered in the area between the nozzle throat and the gas–liquid interface. The shock wave was formed in the nozzle expansion section. Under the dual action of the reverse pressure wave and the continuously ejected high-temperature gas upstream, the shock wave moved repeatedly in the nozzle expansion section, which led to the flow of gas in the combustion chamber being blocked, released, re-blocked, and re-released. This was also the main reason for the pressure oscillations in the combustion chamber.展开更多
为提高储罐运输液体的安全性,考虑船舶运动与非满载罐体内液体介质晃动的耦合作用,以40 m 3的卧式筒形储罐为研究对象,建立储罐内液体与罐体相互作用的流固耦合数学模型,分析船舶转向或遭遇强横风时罐内液体的冲击动力响应,监测不同充...为提高储罐运输液体的安全性,考虑船舶运动与非满载罐体内液体介质晃动的耦合作用,以40 m 3的卧式筒形储罐为研究对象,建立储罐内液体与罐体相互作用的流固耦合数学模型,分析船舶转向或遭遇强横风时罐内液体的冲击动力响应,监测不同充装率和横向激励下罐内液体的瞬时横向冲击载荷与液体的质心位置变化,分析安装不同高度的防波板对罐内液体冲击的影响。结果表明:在时域内,罐体内液体的横向运动冲击呈周期性变化,液体的瞬时横向冲击载荷随横向激励的增大而增大,随充装率的增大而先增大后减小;罐内液体的质心位置随充装率和横向激励变化,质心位置的水平位移变化较大;设置防波板可明显减弱液体的晃动程度,罐内液体的冲击强度随防波板高度的增大而减小。展开更多
文摘The flow visualization technique using shear-sensitive liquid crystal is applied to the investigation of a Mach 2 internal supersonic flow with pseudo-shock wave (PSW) in a pressure-vacuum supersonic wind tunnel. It provides qualitative information mainly concerning the overall flow structure, such as the turbulent boundary layer separation, reattachment locations and the dimensionalities of the flow. Besides, it can also give understanding of the surface streamlines, vortices in separation region and the corner effect of duct flow. Two kinds of crystals with different viscosities are used in experiments to analyze the viscosity effect. Results are compared with schlieren picture, confirming the effectiveness of liquid crystal in flow-visualization.
文摘These experimental investigations are designed to study shock wave characteristics and spray structure. Supersonic liq- uid jets injected into ambient fields are empirically studied using projectile impacts in a two-stage light gas gun. This study looks primarily at the design of the nozzle assembly, the tip velocity of the high speed jet, the structure of the spray jet and the shock wave generation process. The supersonic liquid jets were visualized using an ultra high-speed camera and the schlieren system for visualization to quantitatively analyze the shock wave angle. The experimental re- sults with straight cone nozzle types and various non-Newtonian fluid viscosities are presented in this paper. The effects of nozzle geometry on the jet behavior are described. The characteristics of the shock wave generation and spray jet structure were found to be significantly related to the nozzle geometry. The expansion gases accelerated the projectile, which had a mass of 6 grams, from 250 m/s. As a result, it was found that the maximum jet velocity appeared in the liquid jet with high viscosity properties. Supersonic liquid jets, which occurred at the leading edge the shock waves and the compression waves in front of the jets, were observed. Also, the shock waves significantly affected the atomization process for each spray droplet.
基金Supported by National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(NO.51725404)Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Chinese Universities(NO.B17045)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.51521063)
文摘To address the high rock strength and low drilling rate issues in deep oil/gas and geothermal exploitation, we performed mechanical property tests on three kinds of rock samples(granite, shale and sandstone) subjected to liquid nitrogen(LN2) cooling and conducted rock-breaking experiments using LN2 jet. Rock-breaking characteristics and mechanisms of LN2 jet, heat transfer features between LN2 and rock and thermal stress evolution in rock were analyzed. A novel high-pressure LN2 jet assisted drilling method was proposed accordingly. The study results show that LN2 thermal shock can significantly reduce uniaxial compression strength and elastic modulus of rock. Rock damage and corresponding mechanical deterioration become more pronounced with increasing rock temperature. The LN2 jet has merits of high rock-breaking efficiency and low threshold rock-breaking pressure. Rock failure under LN2 jet impact is characterized by large volume breakage and the rock-breaking performance becomes more significant with increase of rock temperature. Under the impact of LN2 jet, the damage of granite is the most remarkable among the three rock samples. Thus, this method works better for high temperature granite formations. It has a good application prospect in speeding up drilling rate in deep hot dry rock geothermal reservoirs.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51305204)
文摘Both experimental and numerical studies were presented on the flow field characteristics in the process of gaseous jet impinging on liquid–water column. The effects of the impinging process on the working performance of rocket engine were also analyzed. The experimental results showed that the liquid–water had better flame and smoke dissipation effect in the process of gaseous jet impinging on liquid–water column. However, the interaction between the gaseous jet and the liquid–water column resulted in two pressure oscillations with large amplitude appearing in the combustion chamber of the rocket engine with instantaneous pressure increased by 17.73% and 17.93%, respectively. To analyze the phenomena, a new computational method was proposed by coupling the governing equations of the MIXTURE model with the phase change equations of water and the combustion equation of propellant. Numerical simulations were carried out on the generation of gas, the accelerate gas flow, and the mutual interaction between gaseous jet and liquid–water column.Numerical simulations showed that a cavity would be formed in the liquid–water column when gaseous jet impinged on the liquid–water column. The development speed of the cavity increased obviously after each pressure oscillation. In the initial stage of impingement, the gaseous jet was blocked due to the inertia effect of high-density water, and a large amount of gas gathered in the area between the nozzle throat and the gas–liquid interface. The shock wave was formed in the nozzle expansion section. Under the dual action of the reverse pressure wave and the continuously ejected high-temperature gas upstream, the shock wave moved repeatedly in the nozzle expansion section, which led to the flow of gas in the combustion chamber being blocked, released, re-blocked, and re-released. This was also the main reason for the pressure oscillations in the combustion chamber.
文摘为提高储罐运输液体的安全性,考虑船舶运动与非满载罐体内液体介质晃动的耦合作用,以40 m 3的卧式筒形储罐为研究对象,建立储罐内液体与罐体相互作用的流固耦合数学模型,分析船舶转向或遭遇强横风时罐内液体的冲击动力响应,监测不同充装率和横向激励下罐内液体的瞬时横向冲击载荷与液体的质心位置变化,分析安装不同高度的防波板对罐内液体冲击的影响。结果表明:在时域内,罐体内液体的横向运动冲击呈周期性变化,液体的瞬时横向冲击载荷随横向激励的增大而增大,随充装率的增大而先增大后减小;罐内液体的质心位置随充装率和横向激励变化,质心位置的水平位移变化较大;设置防波板可明显减弱液体的晃动程度,罐内液体的冲击强度随防波板高度的增大而减小。