In the technical field of reconnaissance, target location, target tracking and arms technology, IR sensors are increasingly used for making the entire battlefield transparent up to far into the opponents′ area.
为提高液熏腊肉风味品质及生产效率,以液熏腊肉为研究对象,改进烟熏液的传统使用方式,探究烟熏液辅助腌制液熏腊肉的加工工艺。以烟熏液体积分数、烟熏液添加量、腌制时间和烘烤时间为单因素影响因子,感官评分为响应值,进行响应面优化分...为提高液熏腊肉风味品质及生产效率,以液熏腊肉为研究对象,改进烟熏液的传统使用方式,探究烟熏液辅助腌制液熏腊肉的加工工艺。以烟熏液体积分数、烟熏液添加量、腌制时间和烘烤时间为单因素影响因子,感官评分为响应值,进行响应面优化分析,与传统湘西腊肉品质进行对比,并采用偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)对液熏腊肉烘烤过程中滋味物质的变化进行综合评价。结果表明:液熏腊肉最佳工艺条件为烟熏液体积分数70%、烟熏液添加量2%(m/m)、腌制时间4d、烘烤时间8d;相比市售湘西腊肉,液熏腊肉具有较高水分含量和亮度值,且食盐和亚硝酸盐含量更低,分别为3.8%和1.20mg/kg;液熏腊肉感官评分为84.56±1.10;通过滋味活度值分析可得,肌苷酸、鸟苷酸(guanosine monophosphate,GMP)、丙氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸及腺苷酸是液熏腊肉的主要滋味物质;PLS-DA表明,不同烘烤时间下液熏腊肉滋味物质含量存在差异,瓜氨酸、色氨酸、半胱氨酸、次黄嘌呤、GMP、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、异亮氨酸及亮氨酸是影响不同烘烤时间液熏腊肉滋味差异的关键指标。展开更多
To study the genotoxicity effect of environmental tobacco side-stream smokes (ETSS) on oxidative DNA damage and its molecular mechanism. Methods DNA adduct 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used ...To study the genotoxicity effect of environmental tobacco side-stream smokes (ETSS) on oxidative DNA damage and its molecular mechanism. Methods DNA adduct 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. The level of 8-OHdG in DNA exposed to ETSS was detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Organic and inorganic components in ETSS were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum and atomic absorption spectrum respectively. Results Particle matters (PMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ETSS could directly induce oxidative DNA damage and formation of 8-OHdG. There were 123 and 84 kinds of organic components in PMs and VOCs respectively, and 7 kinds of inorganic components in ETSS. Some components, especially quinones and polyphenols in ETSS, could produce free radicals in vitro by auto-oxidation without any biological activity systems, and with the catalytic reaction of metals, the DNA adduct 8-OHdG was produced. Conclusion ETSS have biological oxidative effect on DNA in vitro and in vivo, and expressed direct genotoxicity. 8-OHdG is a valuable biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.展开更多
基金Project Supported:Post Doctor Fund of People's Republic of China
文摘In the technical field of reconnaissance, target location, target tracking and arms technology, IR sensors are increasingly used for making the entire battlefield transparent up to far into the opponents′ area.
文摘为提高液熏腊肉风味品质及生产效率,以液熏腊肉为研究对象,改进烟熏液的传统使用方式,探究烟熏液辅助腌制液熏腊肉的加工工艺。以烟熏液体积分数、烟熏液添加量、腌制时间和烘烤时间为单因素影响因子,感官评分为响应值,进行响应面优化分析,与传统湘西腊肉品质进行对比,并采用偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least squares-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)对液熏腊肉烘烤过程中滋味物质的变化进行综合评价。结果表明:液熏腊肉最佳工艺条件为烟熏液体积分数70%、烟熏液添加量2%(m/m)、腌制时间4d、烘烤时间8d;相比市售湘西腊肉,液熏腊肉具有较高水分含量和亮度值,且食盐和亚硝酸盐含量更低,分别为3.8%和1.20mg/kg;液熏腊肉感官评分为84.56±1.10;通过滋味活度值分析可得,肌苷酸、鸟苷酸(guanosine monophosphate,GMP)、丙氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、组氨酸及腺苷酸是液熏腊肉的主要滋味物质;PLS-DA表明,不同烘烤时间下液熏腊肉滋味物质含量存在差异,瓜氨酸、色氨酸、半胱氨酸、次黄嘌呤、GMP、谷氨酰胺、甘氨酸、异亮氨酸及亮氨酸是影响不同烘烤时间液熏腊肉滋味差异的关键指标。
基金The research was supported and financed by brainstorm project and public good fund from the Ministry of Science and TechnologyChina (2001BA704B01& 2001DIA10001).
文摘To study the genotoxicity effect of environmental tobacco side-stream smokes (ETSS) on oxidative DNA damage and its molecular mechanism. Methods DNA adduct 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. The level of 8-OHdG in DNA exposed to ETSS was detected by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Organic and inorganic components in ETSS were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrum and atomic absorption spectrum respectively. Results Particle matters (PMs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ETSS could directly induce oxidative DNA damage and formation of 8-OHdG. There were 123 and 84 kinds of organic components in PMs and VOCs respectively, and 7 kinds of inorganic components in ETSS. Some components, especially quinones and polyphenols in ETSS, could produce free radicals in vitro by auto-oxidation without any biological activity systems, and with the catalytic reaction of metals, the DNA adduct 8-OHdG was produced. Conclusion ETSS have biological oxidative effect on DNA in vitro and in vivo, and expressed direct genotoxicity. 8-OHdG is a valuable biomarker of oxidative DNA damage.
