Effect of SDBS on interfacial electron transfer at the liquid/liquid interface by thin layer method

The effect of an adsorbed anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） on electron transfer （ET） reaction between ferricyanide aqueous solution and decamethylferrocene （DMFc） located on the adjacent organic phase was investigated for the first time by thin layer method. The adsorption of SDBS at the interface resulted in a decay in the cathodic plateau current of bimolecular reaction with increasing concentrations of SDBS in aqueous phase. However, the rate constant of electron transfer （ket） increased monotonically as the SDBS concentrations increased from 0 to 200 p, moFL. The experimental results showed that SDBS formed patches on the interface and influenced the structure of electrical double layer. 2009 Xiao Quan Lu. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

Voltammetric Studies on Heteropoly Phosphotungstovanadate Anions Across the Liquid/Liquid Interface

Electrochemical transfer behavior of V ⅤW 11 -V Ⅴ 3W 9 heteropoly anions on the water/nitrobenzene interface was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry. The effect of the solution acidity on the transfer behavior and the stable pH range for the heteropoly anions were studied. The stability of mixed tungstovanadate decreases with increasing the number of vanadium atoms. The main transfer species within the potential window have the negative charges of 4 and the transfer process is diffusion controlled. The apparent transfer potential Δ w o Ψ 0 and the free energy Δ G 0 w→o tr for the heteropoly anions can be obtained from the experimental data. For the different anions, the Δ w o Ψ 1/2 pH relationship can be expressed as: Δ w o Ψ 1/2 =constant-53pH.

Investigation of the oxidation of hydroquinone at the liquid/liquid interface

The oxidation of hydroquinone(QH_2) was investigated for the first time at liquid/liquid(L/L) interface by scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).In this study,electron transfer(ET) from QH_2 in aqueous to ferrocene(Fc) in nitrobenzene (NB) was probed.The apparent heterogeneous rate constants for ET reactions were obtained by fitting the experimental approach curves to the theoretical values.The results showed that the rate constants for oxidation reaction of QH_2 were sensitive to the changes of the dri...

Kinetic comparison between ferric ion and decamethyferrocene at the liquid/liquid interface as studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy

Comparison in electron transfer(ET) processes from decamethyferrocene(DMFe) in nitrobenzene(NB) to ferric ion in aqueous phase was investigated for the first time by the scanning electrochemical microscopy(SECM).As compared with the system of Fe(CN)_6^(3-)-DMFe,the ET rate obtained from Fe^(3+)-DMFe was lower in spite of larger driving force,which may arise from the effect of reorganization energy.Otherwise,the effect of common ion on rate constants was also probed and results suggested additional complexit...

Investigation of the Lipophilicity of 2-Benzoylpyridine-Thiosemicarbazone Based on the Ion Transfer across the Liquid/Liquid Interface

The ion transfer reaction of 2-benzoylpyridine-thiosemicarbazone (HL), which has antimicrobial and antifungal properties and anticancer activity, has been studied to determine its lipophilicity by cyclic voltammetry at the water/1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) interface. The physicochemical parameters such as standard partition coefficient (lgPI)andthestandardGibbsenergyoftransfer("G0tr,,wI "o)oftheprotonatedformoftheligandwere measured asa function of pH in aqueous phase. The protonated form of the ligand exhibited reversible or quasi-reversible voltammograms at the1,2-DCEintherangeofpH1-5.Theprotonationconstantsoftheligand,pKa1andpKa2,weredeterminedspectrophotometrically and were found to be 12.14 and 3.24, respectively. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer ("G0tr,,wN" o) and the partition coefficient of neutral species (lgPN) were also determined by the shake-flask method. The standard Gibbs energy of transfer of this compound across the water/1,2-DCE interface was evaluated as the quantitative measure of its lipophilicity. The difference between lgPI and lgPN was related to the degree of charge delocalization and was used to evaluate qualitatively the lipophilicity of the ligand.

Interfacial friction induced capillary flow within nanofiber-supported ionic liquid droplets

As global economic growth increases,the demand for energy sources boosts.While fossil fuels have traditionally satisfied this demand,their environmental influence and limited reserves require alternatives.Fossil fuel combustion contributes substantially to greenhouse gas emissions,with a pressing need to halve these emissions by 2030 and target net-zero by 2050.Renewable energy sources,contributing currently to 29%of global electricity,are viewed as promising substitutes.With wind energy's potential,Zheng's team developed a novel method to harness even low wind speeds using well-aligned nanofibers and an innovative“drop wind generator”.This system,combining moisture-saturated ionic liquid 3-Methyl-1-octylimidazolium chloride with specific nanofiber arrays,exploits wind-inducedflows for energy conversion.This study highlights the vast untapped potential of low-speed wind as a sustainable energy source potentially for electronics.

Thermal rectification induced by Wenzel–Cassie wetting state transition on nano-structured solid–liquid interfaces

Thermal rectification refers to the phenomenon by which the magnitude of the heat flux in one direction is much larger than that in the opposite direction.In this study,we propose to implement the thermal rectification phenomenon in an asymmetric solid–liquid–solid sandwiched system with a nano-structured interface.By using the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations,the thermal transport through the solid–liquid–solid system is examined,and the thermal rectification phenomenon can be observed.It is revealed that the thermal rectification effect can be attributed to the significant difference in the interfacial thermal resistance between Cassie and Wenzel states when reversing the temperature bias.In addition,effects of the liquid density,solid–liquid bonding strength and nanostructure size on the thermal rectification are examined.The findings may provide a new way for designs of certain thermal devices.

Discussion on interface deformation and liquid breakup mechanism in vapor-liquid two-phase flow

The interface deformation and liquid breakup in vapor-liquid two-phase flow are ubiquitous in natural phenomena and industrial applications.It is crucial to understand the corresponding mechanism correctly.The droplet and liquid ligament dynamic behaviors are investigated in this work by simulating three benchmark cases through adopting a three-dimensional(3D)phase-field-based lattice Boltzmann model,and vapor-liquid phase interface deformation and liquid breakup mechanisms including the capillary instability and end-pinching mechanism are analyzed.The analysis results show that the capillary instability is the driving mechanism of the liquid breakup and the secondary droplet production at a large Weber number,which is different from the Rayleigh-Taylor instability and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability characterizing the vapor-liquid interface deformation.In addition,as another liquid breakup mechanism,the end-pinching mechanism,which describes the back-flow phenomenon of the liquid phase,works at each breakup point,thus resulting in capillary instability on the liquid phase structure.In essence,it is the fundamental mechanism for the liquid breakup and the immanent cause of capillary instability.

An ionic liquid-assisted strategy for enhanced anticorrosion of low-energy PEO coatings on magnesium–lithium alloy

A low-energy plasma electrolytic oxidation(LePEO)technique is developed to simultaneously improve energy efficiency and anti-corrosion.Ionic liquids(1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate(BmimBF_(4)))as sustainable corrosion inhibitors are chosen to investigate the corrosion inhibition behavior of ionic liquid(ILs)during the LePEO process for LA91 magnesium-lithium(Mg-Li)alloy.Results show that the ionic liquid BmimBF_(4)participates in the LePEO coating formation process,causing an increment in coating thickness and surface roughness.The low conductivity of the ionic liquid is responsible for the voltage and breakdown voltage increases during the LePEO with IL process(LePEO-IL).After adding BmimBF_(4),corrosion current density decreases from 1.159×10^(−4)A·cm^(−2)to 8.143×10^(−6)A·cm^(−2).The impedance modulus increases to 1.048×10^(4)Ω·cm^(−2)and neutral salt spray remains intact for 24 h.The superior corrosion resistance of the LePEO coating assisted by ionic liquid could be mainly attributed to its compact and thick barrier layer and physical absorption of ionic liquid.The ionic liquid-assisted LePEO technique provides a promising approach to reducing energy consumption and improving film performance.

Multi-dimensional multiplexing optical secret sharing framework with cascaded liquid crystal holograms

Secret sharing is a promising technology for information encryption by splitting the secret information into different shares.However,the traditional scheme suffers from information leakage in decryption process since the amount of available information channels is limited.Herein,we propose and demonstrate an optical secret sharing framework based on the multi-dimensional multiplexing liquid crystal(LC)holograms.The LC holograms are used as spatially separated shares to carry secret images.The polarization of the incident light and the distance between different shares are served as secret keys,which can significantly improve the information security and capacity.Besides,the decryption condition is also restricted by the applied external voltage due to the variant diffraction efficiency,which further increases the information security.In implementation,an artificial neural network(ANN)model is developed to carefully design the phase distribution of each LC hologram.With the advantage of high security,high capacity and simple configuration,our optical secret sharing framework has great potentials in optical encryption and dynamic holographic display.

Ionic Liquid-Enhanced Assembly of Nanomaterials for Highly Stable Flexible Transparent Electrodes

The controlled assembly of nanomaterials has demon-strated significant potential in advancing technological devices.However,achieving highly efficient and low-loss assembly technique for nanomate-rials,enabling the creation of hierarchical structures with distinctive func-tionalities,remains a formidable challenge.Here,we present a method for nanomaterial assembly enhanced by ionic liquids,which enables the fabrication of highly stable,flexible,and transparent electrodes featuring an organized layered structure.The utilization of hydrophobic and non-volatile ionic liquids facilitates the production of stable interfaces with water,effectively preventing the sedimentation of 1D/2D nanomaterials assembled at the interface.Furthermore,the interfacially assembled nanomaterial monolayer exhibits an alternate self-climbing behavior,enabling layer-by-layer transfer and the formation of a well-ordered MXene-wrapped silver nanowire network film.The resulting composite film not only demonstrates exceptional photoelectric performance with a sheet resistance of 9.4Ωsq^(-1) and 93%transmittance,but also showcases remarkable environmental stability and mechanical flexibility.Particularly noteworthy is its application in transparent electromagnetic interference shielding materials and triboelectric nanogenerator devices.This research introduces an innovative approach to manufacture and tailor functional devices based on ordered nanomaterials.

Corrosion behavior of pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H SS and GH3535)in liquid GaInSn

In this study,the interactions between a Ga-based liquid metal,GaInSn,and several metal materials,including pure metals(Ni and Ti)and alloys(316H stainless steel(SS)and GH3535),at 650℃were investigated.The aim was to evaluate the corrosion performance and select a suitable candidate material for use as a molten salt manometer diaphragm in thermal energy storage systems.The results indicated that the alloys(316H SS and GH3535)exhibited less corrosion than pure metals(Ni and Ti)in liquid GaInSn.Ga-rich binary intermetallic compounds were found to form on the surfaces of all the tested metal materials exposed to liquid GaInSn,as a result of the decomposition of liquid GaInSn and its reaction with the constituent elements of the metal materials.The corrosion mechanism for all the tested materials exposed to liquid GaInSn was also investigated and proposed,which may aid in selecting the optimal candidate material when liquid GaInSn is used as the pressure-sensing medium.

Circulating tumor DNA in liquid biopsy: Current diagnostic limitation

With the rapid development of science and technology,cell-free DNA(cfDNA)is rapidly becoming an important biomarker for tumor diagnosis,monitoring and prognosis,and this cfDNA-based liquid biopsy technology has great potential to become an important part of precision medicine.cfDNA is the total amount of free DNA in the systemic circulation,including DNA fragments derived from tumor cells and all other somatic cells.Tumor cells release fragments of DNA into the bloodstream,and this source of cfDNA is called circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA).cfDNA detection has become a major focus in the field of tumor research in recent years,which provides a new opportunity for non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of cancer.In this paper,we discuss the limitations of the study on the origin and dynamics analysis of ctDNA,and how to solve these problems in the future.Although the future faces major challenges,it also con-tains great potential.

Liquid crystal-integrated metasurfaces for an active photonic platform

Metasurfaces have opened the door to next-generation optical devices due to their ability to dramatically modulate electromagnetic waves at will using periodically arranged nanostructures.However,metasurfaces typically have static optical responses with fixed geometries of nanostructures,which poses challenges for implementing transition to technology by replacing conventional optical components.To solve this problem,liquid crystals(LCs)have been actively employed for designing tunable metasurfaces using their adjustable birefringent in real time.Here,we review recent studies on LCpowered tunable metasurfaces,which are categorized as wavefront tuning and spectral tuning.Compared to numerous reviews on tunable metasurfaces,this review intensively explores recent development of LC-integrated metasurfaces.At the end of this review,we briefly introduce the latest research trends on LC-powered metasurfaces and suggest further directions for improving LCs.We hope that this review will accelerate the development of new and innovative LC-powered devices.

Ionic liquid derived electrocatalysts for electrochemical water splitting

Hydrogen production from electrochemical water splitting is a promising strategy to generate green energy,which requires the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction(HER and OER).Ionic liquids(ILs)or poly(ionic liquids)(PILs),containing heteroatoms,metal-based anions,and various structures,have been frequently involved as precursors to prepare electrocatalysts for water splitting.Moreover,ILs/PILs possess high conductivity,wide electrochemical windows,and high thermal and chemical stability,which can be directly applied in the electrocatalysis process with high durability.In this review,we focus on the studies of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts for HER and OER,where ILs/PILs are applied as heteroatom dopants and metal precursors to prepare catalysts or are directly utilized as the electrocatalysts.Due to those attractive properties,IL/PIL-derived electrocatalysts exhibit excellent performance for electrochemical water splitting.All these accomplishments and developments are systematically summarized and thoughtfully discussed.Then,the overall perspectives for the current challenges and future developments of ILs/PILs-derived electrocatalysts are provided.

Transient liquid phase bonding of DD5 superalloy using a designed interlayer: microstructure and mechanical properties

Nickel based single crystal superalloy is currently widely used as the material for turbine blades in aerospace engines.However,metallurgical defects during the manufacturing process and damage during harsh environmental service are inevitable challenges for turbine blades.Therefore,bonding techniques play a very important role in the manufacturing and repair of turbine blades.The transient liquid phase(TLP)bonding of DD5 Ni-based single crystal superalloy was performed using the designed H1 interlayer.A new third-generation Ni-based superalloy T1 powder was mixed with H1 powder as another interlayer to improve the mechanical properties of the bonded joints.The res-ults show that,such a designed H1 interlayer is beneficial to the improvement of shear strength of DD5 alloy bonded joints by adjusting the bonding temperature and the prolongation of holding time.The maximum shear strength at room temperature of the joint with H1 interlayer reached 681 MPa when bonded at 1260℃for 3 h.The addition of T1 powder can effectively reduce holding time or relatively lower bond-ing temperature,while maintaining relatively high shear strength.When 1 wt.%T1 powder was mixed into H1 interlayer,the maximum room temperature shear strength of the joint bonded at 1260℃reached 641 MPa,which could be obtained for only 1 h.Considering the bonding temperature and the efficiency,the acceptable process parameter of H1+5 wt.%T1 interlayer was 1240℃/2 h,and the room tem-perature shear strength reached 613 MPa.

Emerging role of liquid biopsy in rat sarcoma virus mutated metastatic colorectal cancer:A case report

BACKGROUND In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC),the treatment options are limited and have been proved to be affected by rat sarcoma virus(RAS)mutational status.In RAS wild-type(wt)patients,the combination of antiepidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)monoclonal antibodies with chemotherapy(CT)is more effective than CT alone.On the other hand,RAS-mutated patients are not eligible for treatment with anti-EGFR antibodies.CASE SUMMARY Eleven patients with initially RAS-mutated mCRC were followed from diagnosis to May 2022.At the time of cell-free DNA determination,five patients had undergone one CT line,five patients had undergone two CT lines,and one patient had undergone three CT lines(all in combination with bevacizumab).At the second and third treatment lines[second line(2L),third line(3L)],patients with neo-RAS wt received a combination of CT and cetuximab.In neo-RAS wt patients treated with anti-EGFR,our findings indicated an increase in progression-free survival for both 2L and 3L(14.5 mo,P=0.119 and 3.9 mo,P=0.882,respectively).Regarding 2L overall survival,we registered a slight increase in neo-RAS wt patients treated with anti-EGFR(33.6 mo vs 32.4 mo,P=0.385).At data cut-off,two patients were still alive:A RAS-mutated patient undergoing 3L treatment and a neo-RAS wt patient who received 2L treatment with anti-EGFR(ongoing).CONCLUSION Our case series demonstrated that monitoring RAS mutations in mCRC by liquid biopsy may provide an additional treatment line for neo-RAS wt patients.

Liquid metal as an efficient protective layer for lithium metal anodes in all-solid-state batteries

Lithium metal batteries with inorganic solid-state electrolytes have emerged as strong and attractive candidates for electrochemical energy storage devices because of their high-energy content and safety.Nonetheless,inherent challenges of deleterious lithium dendrite growth and poor interfacial stability hinder their commercial application.Herein,we report a liquid metal-coated lithium metal(LM@Li)anode strategy to improve the contact between lithium metal and a Li6PS5Cl inorganic electrolyte.The LM@Li symmetric cell shows over 1000 h of stable lithium plating/stripping cycles at 2mA cm^(-2) and a significantly higher critical current density of 9.8 mAcm^(-2) at 25°C.In addition,a full battery assembled with a high-capacity composite LiNbO3@-LiNi_(0.7)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(LNO@NCM721)cathode shows stable cycling performance.Experimental and computational results have demonstrated that dendrite growth tolerance and physical contact in solid-state batteries can be reinforced by using LM interlayers for interfacial modification.

Enhancing CO_(2) transport with plasma-functionalized ionic liquid membranes

The ionic liquid(IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate treated with radiofrequency plasma is proposed for functionalization and immobilization on polyethersulfone supports to form supported ionic liquid membranes for CO_(2) separation.The effects of treatment time and transmembrane pressure difference on CO_(2) permeance were evaluated.The best gas permeation performance was obtained with a treatment time of 10 min and the transmembrane pressure difference was 0.25 MPa.Characterization of the materials by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrates that the IL is grafted with carboxyl groups and deprotonated through plasma treatment.A preliminary mechanism for the plasma treatment and facilitated transport of CO_(2)has been proposed on this basis.

Effect of liquid surface depression size on discharge characteristics and chemical distribution in the plasma-liquid anode system

Atmospheric pressure plasma-liquid interactions exist in a variety of applications,including wastewater treatment,wound sterilization,and disinfection.In practice,the phenomenon of liquid surface depression will inevitably appear.The applied gas will cause a depression on the liquid surface,which will undoubtedly affect the plasma generation and further affect the application performance.However,the effect of liquid surface deformation on the plasma is still unclear.In this work,numerical models are developed to reveal the mechanism of liquid surface depressions affecting plasma discharge characteristics and the consequential distribution of plasma species,and further study the influence of liquid surface depressions of different sizes generated by different helium flow rates on the plasma.Results show that the liquid surface deformation changes the initial spatial electric field,resulting in the rearrangement of electrons on the liquid surface.The charges deposited on the liquid surface further increase the degree of distortion of the electric field.Moreover,the electric field and electron distribution affected by the liquid surface depression significantly influence the generation and distribution of active species,which determines the practical effectiveness of the relevant applications.This work explores the phenomenon of liquid surface depression,which has been neglected in previous related work,and contributes to further understanding of plasma-liquid interactions,providing better theoretical guidance for related applications and technologies.