Switching Frequency Improvement of a High Speed on/off Valve Based on Pre-excitation Control Algorithm

The high-speed on/off valve(HSV)serves as the fundamental component responsible for generating discrete fluids within digital hydraulic systems.As the switching frequency of the HSV increases,the properties of the generated discrete fluid approach those of continuous fluids.Therefore,a higher frequency response characteristic of HSV is the key to ensure the control accuracy of digital hydraulic systems.However,the current research mainly focuses on its dynamic performance,but neglect its FRC.This paper presents a theoretical analysis demonstrating that the FRC of the HSV can be enhanced by minimizing its switching time.The maximum switching frequency(MSF)is mainly determined by opening dynamic performance when HSV operates with low switching duty ratio(SDR),whereas the closing dynamic performance limits the MSF when HSV operates with high SDR.Building upon these findings,the pre-excitation control algorithm(PECA)is proposed to reduce the switching time of the HSV,and consequently enhance its FRC.Experimental results demonstrate that PECA shortens the opening delay time of HSV by 1.12 ms,the closing delay time by 2.54 ms,and the closing moving time by 0.47 ms in comparison to the existing advanced control algorithms.As a result,a larger MSF of 417 Hz and a wider controllable SDR range from 20%to 70%were achieved at a switching frequency of 250 Hz.Thus,the proposed PFCA in this paper has been verified as an effective and promising approach for enhancing the control performance of digital hydraulic systems.

Investigation into the Independent Metering Control Performance of a Twin Spools Valve with Switching Technology-controlled Pilot Stage

In hydraulic area,independent metering control(IMC)technology is an effective approach to improve system efficiency and control flexibility.In addition,digital hydraulic technology(DHT)has been verified as a reasonable method to optimize system dynamic performance.Integrating these two technologies into one component can combine their advantages together.However,few works focused on it.In this paper,a twin spools valve with switching technologycontrolled pilot stage(TSVSP)is presented,which applied DHT into its pilot stage while appending IMC into its main stage.Based on this prototype valve,a series of numerical and experiment analysis of its IMC performance with both simulated load and excavator boom cylinder are carried out.Results showed fast and robust performance of pressure and flow compound control with acceptable fluctuation phenomenon caused by switching technology.Rising time of flow response in excavator cylinder can be controlled within 200 ms,meanwhile,the recovery time of rod chamber pressure under suddenly changed condition is optimized within 250 ms.IMC system based on TSVSP can improve both dynamic performance and robust characteristics of the target actuator so it is practical in valve-cylinder system and can be applied in mobile machineries.

Development of High-Speed On-Of Valves and Their Applications

With the widespread application of the computer and microelectronic technology in the industry,digitization becomes the inevitable developing trend of the hydraulic technology.Digitization of the hydraulic components is critical in the digital hydraulic technology.High-speed on-of valves(HSVs)which convert a train of input pulses into the fast and accurate switching between the on and of states belong to widely used basic digital hydraulic elements.In some ways,the characteristics of the HSVs determine the performance of the digital hydraulic systems.This paper discusses the development of HSVs and their applications.First,the HSVs with innovative structures which is classifed into direct drive valves and pilot operated valves are discussed,with the emphasis on their performance.Then,an overview of HSVs with intelligent materials is presented with considering of the switching frequency and fow capacity.Finally,the applications of the HSVs are reviewed,including digital hydraulic components with the integration of the HSVs and digital hydraulic systems controlled by the HSVs.

Measurement of trace nitrate concentrations in seawater by ion chromatography with valve switching

An ion chromatographic method with a valve switching facility was developed to determine trace nitrate concentrations in seawater using two pumps, two different suppressors, and two columns. A carbohydrate membrane desalter was used to reduce the high concentrations of sodium salts in samples. In this method, trace nitrate was eluted from the concentrator column to the analytical columns, while the matrix fl owed to waste. Neither chemical pre-treatment nor sample dilution was required. In the optimized separation conditions, the method showed good linearity( R >0.99) in the 0.05 and 50 mg/L concentration range, and satisfactory repeatability(RSD<5%, n =6). The limit of detection for nitrate was 0.02 mg/L. Results showed that the valve switching system was suitable and practical for the determination of trace nitrate in seawater.

Numerical Simulation on a Throttle Governing System with Hydraulic Butterfly Valves in a Marine Environment

Hydraulic butterfly valves have been widely applied in marine engineering because of their large switching torque, low pressure loss and suitability for large and medium diameter pipelines. Due to control problems resulting from switching angular speeds of the hydraulic butterfly valve, a throttle-governing control mode has been widely adopted, and detailed analysis has been carried out worldwide on the structural principle concerning speed-regulation and the load torque on the shaft while opening or closing a hydraulic butterfly valve. However relevant reports have yet been published on the change law, the error and the influencing factors of the rotational angular velocity of the hydraulic butterfly valve while opening and closing. In this article, research was based on some common specifications of a hydraulic butterfly valve with a symmetrical valve flap existing in a marine environment. The throttle governing system supplied by the accumulator to achieve the switching of the hydraulic control valve was adopted, and the mathematical models of the system were established in the actual conditions while the numerical simulations took place. The simulation results and analysis show that the rotational angular velocity and the error of the hydraulic butterfly valve while switching is influenced greatly by the drainage amount of the accumulator, resulting in pressure loss in the pipeline, the temperature of hydraulic medium and the load of the hydraulic butterfly valve. The simulation results and analysis provide a theoretical basis for the choice of the total capacity of the accumulator and pipeline diameters in a throttle governing system with a hydraulic butterfly valve.It also determines the type and specification of the hydraulic butterfly valve and the design of motion parameters of the transported fluid.

基于阀切换UHPLC-IC联用技术的实验教学探索

具有阀切换的超高效液相色谱-离子色谱联用(UHPLC-IC)技术适用于同时分析含有机物和无机阴离子的样品,该联用技术简化了前处理的过程,消除了复杂基体,对无机阴离子进行富集,实现有机物和无机阴离子的同时分析,提高了色谱分析效率。将阀切换UHPLC-IC联用技术引入到本科生仪器分析实验课堂中,加深了学生对新型分析技术独特优势的理解,提高了本科生解决复杂实际问题的能力,拓宽和提升了仪器分析实验的教学内涵,有利于创新性和综合性人才的培养。

面向空间细胞培养用多路切换陶瓷阀仿真优化研究

为了满足空间站环境细胞长期自动培养的需求,研制一款新型细胞自动培养装置,装置由微量泵、多路切换阀等组成。通过设计一款多路切换陶瓷阀,实现仅由一组泵阀自由切换多条液路。通过有限元仿真分析培养液、消化液和裂解液3种液体在多路切换阀内的压力、温度、流速等物理参数分布情况,确定最佳阀位布局,并优化阀体结构,以改善不同液体流入阀腔后分布均匀性。优化后多路切换阀内细胞培养液和消化液的压力和温度分布波动率均小于1%,流速稳定。裂解液温度分布变化在优化前为2℃,优化后小于0.01℃。液体流动更加顺畅,滞留现象减少。仿真结果表明:优化后的陶瓷阀有助于提升空间细胞培养的稳定性和经济性。

海拔2500 m地区±800 k V特高压阀厅空气间隙操作冲击放电特性

为准确获得2 500 m海拔以上的±800 kV特高压直流工程送端阀厅的内部设计尺寸(汉语是半句话,用句号不太合适,请作者检查)。本文在2 500 m海拔的西宁高海拔试验基地,采用升降法开展了相间和相对地间隙的放电特性试验,得到了典型间隙的操作冲击放电电压U50,并给出了放电电压与间隙距离的拟合公式。试验结果表明:空气间隙类型决定其放电特性曲线的增长率的不同,电极上均压球电极曲率半径的增大可以显著提高间隙的操作耐受能力,而针对同一种空气间隙来说,正向操作冲击电压施加的电极部位不同会直接导致放电特性曲线的不同。

双向复位高速开关电磁阀动态响应特性仿真研究

高速开关电磁阀作为典型的伺服液压系统执行元件,逐渐成为高精密液压系统的核心部件之一。针对双复位弹簧式高速开关电磁阀的动态响应特性开展研究,建立高速开关电磁阀的多场耦合动力学模型,系统研究了高速开关电磁阀阀芯内径、弹簧刚度、线圈线径、工作温度、控制频率及占空比等对高速开关电磁阀阀芯所受到的电磁力和阀芯运动位移的影响,得到了高速开关电磁阀的优化设计参数,为进一步研制响应速度快、性能稳定、流量及承压范围大、环境适应性强的高速开关电磁阀奠定了一定的理论基础。

高速铁路动车组主断路器转换阀射流噪声模拟分析及其降噪措施

[目的]高速铁路动车组主断路器转换阀的射流噪声非常高,严重影响了旅客的乘坐舒适性,因此有必要研究有效的降噪措施。[方法]进行了转换阀射流噪声的现场试验,测得其噪声高达96 dB,且呈现明显的间歇性与脉冲性。采用大涡模拟方法建立了转换阀射流噪声仿真数学模型,选取四种不同形状的喷口,计算得到了这四种喷口的流场速度云图。将射流流场计算结果导入LMS.Virtual.Lab软件,采用声学边界元方法模拟计算这四种喷口的射流声场,并将计算得到的四种喷口1/3倍频程频谱的模拟值与试验实测值进行对比。选取了既有的四种工业消声器,以及研发的新型结构复合材料消声器,对转换阀的降噪效果进行测试。[结果及结论]转换阀因断开主断路器而产生射流噪声。转换阀射流噪声与排气口形状密切相关,射流噪声为中高频噪声。五种消声器均能显著降低转换阀射流噪声,新型结构复合材料消声器的降噪效果最好,其降噪量可达20 dB。

大功率汽轮机故障工况下高调阀控制方式切换性能研究

无扰切换是当前主流大型汽轮机阀门管理实现的一个重要功能,目前的大部分无扰切换研究工作都集中在设备正常状态的无扰切换实现方法上,尤其是起机并网时的无扰切换实现。为了研究火电机组灵活性,本文以多台600 MW级别机组为研究对象,针对机组存在的阀门管理缺陷进行故障诊断并实施优化改造,使机组安全顺利地投运了顺序阀配汽方式。然后,在此基础上进行了2类非正常运行工况下的无扰切换试验研究,探讨了机组故障状态下的无扰切换快速反应能力和设备故障对无扰切换的影响。试验结果表明:进行阀门管理优化不仅能够提高机组应对故障的反应能力,而且还能够降低机组切换控制系统对辅机等设备故障的敏感性。这对提高机组故障状态下的安全稳定性具有一定的借鉴意义。

基于多模式加速及反步滑模的航空发动机压气机压力模拟方法

在航空发动机硬件在环仿真试验中,压气机出口压力模拟是一个重要的环节。为模拟压气机失稳过程中的气流突变现象,需要设计一种高精度的压力模拟系统,通过该模拟系统生成真实压力信号为全权限数字发动机控制器提供准确的压力激励。根据开关阀特性提出多模式加速切换策略,设计加速驱动波形及生成方法,结合现场可编程门阵列模块精确输出加速波形,提高开关阀启闭速度;在传统三模式与五模式切换的基础上设计七模式切换方法,结合反步滑模控制方法提高控制精度并证明了控制系统的稳定性。研究结果表明:在稳态压力测试中最大平均超调量为1.25%,最大平均稳态误差为0.016 MPa;在随机阶跃响应试验与正弦跟踪试验中仅有低于0.02 MPa的平均误差;压力模拟方法可满足航空发动机硬件在环仿真试验的高精度压力模拟需求,低成本的实现精准模拟压力。

模式切换结合模糊PWM的气动容腔压力控制方法

容腔压力是管路系统的主要控制对象,用高速开关阀代替普遍使用的比例阀进行压力调控,可大幅降低系统成本。针对单腔双阀压力跟踪系统,提出了一种模式切换结合模糊PWM的气动容腔压力控制方法。该方法的目的是减小超调,降低调节时间,提高压力跟踪性能。首先由模糊控制器根据偏差给出占空比指令,然后通过引入PWM将开关量转换为连续量调节,进而通过快速切换开关阀的工作模式实现容腔内压力的精细化调节。仿真结果表明:阶跃响应的超调量小于0.6%,峰值时间0.15 s,调节时间0.16 s,同时能够很好的跟踪上0.5 Hz的谐波信号,与当前控制策略相比,超调量和调节时间均有明显的降低。

动脉调转术后新主动脉瓣反流及根部扩张成因、转归及预防

动脉调转术(ASO)是治疗完全性大动脉转位(TGA)及Taussig-Bing畸形(TBA)的首选术式。ASO手术发展至今,大量术后患儿已至成年,因此ASO的晚期并发症逐渐引起关注。新主动脉瓣反流(NAVR)和新主动脉根部扩张(NARD)是ASO术后再次手术的第二大原因。本文拟对现有研究进行回顾,总结ASO术后NAVR及NARD的原因和预后,为临床实践提供参考。

气动式凸模切换装置在汽车模具中的应用

阐述了气动式凸模切换装置的使用特点和工艺特色,根据气路通断快速切换凸模使用位置,实现1模2件生产,代替了模具整体更换凸模及固定座,提高了安全系数,操作便捷,易于生产有孔及无孔零件。

液化石油气中非烃组分测定方法研究

选择适宜的气化条件,一个进样系统,两个六通阀,三根色谱分析柱和两个FID检测器气相色谱系统;优化色谱条件,样品经过进样阀进入色谱柱MC-1,C1~C5的烃类组分流出而非烃类氧化物未流出时,选择适宜的阀切换时间,将非烃类氧化物导入色谱柱MC2,两类组分进行有效完全分离并进入相应FID检测器进行分析,即一次进样各烃类和非烃类氧化物30 min内得到很好的分离;建立外标法对非烃类氧化物含量进行定量分析。实验结果显示,非烃类氧化物二甲醚、甲醇、甲缩醛在一定浓度范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数均达到0.99以上,相对标准偏差为0.671%~1.813%,加标回收率为96.464%~104.127%,检出限为0.0003%~0.0011%。该方法准确可靠,适用于测定复杂液化石油气中的非烃类氧化物二甲醚、甲醇、甲缩醛的含量。

2×330MW机组单顺阀切换技术研究

为减少机组节流损失,提高机组热效率,通过对机组进行阀门配汽特性试验和单阀、顺序阀切换技术研究,修改阀门流量特性曲线、重叠度及机组协调控制参数,实现机组单顺阀切换,保障切换过程机组负荷无扰动,达到汽轮机调节特性优化、机组运行效率提高的目的。

多管线流量仪表标定控制策略设计

以某企业现有流量仪表标定系统为研究对象,针对其单一管线标定效率低下、小流量时标定结果稳定性较差等问题,设计水泵、电动调节阀相互协调的多管线流量仪表标定控制策略。实施过程中,将若干个待校正流量仪表与标准表串联在管路上,计算出标定流量与实际流量之差,根据差值范围进行分段控制,在不同分段控制策略中,将阀门开度和水泵转速作为主调节量。另外,还建立了电动调节阀数学模型,通过理论计算和MATLAB仿真验证了控制策略的稳定性,取得了满意的结果。

特高压分级式可控高抗的集约化设计与应用

特高压分级式可控高抗(HCSR)解决了固定高抗在限制过电压和无功补偿方面无法兼顾的矛盾,其系统调控的灵活性高,为特高压交流电网的安全、稳定运行提供了保障。HCSR各个分设备不仅具有特高压设备重量重、体积大、结构复杂等特点,分设备之间的集成设计、绝缘配合均会导致建设用地需求大幅增加,这与国家严控建设用地增量的政策存在偏差。为此,本文充分考虑户外环境因素的影响,合理利用立体化空间设计理念,创新性提出了取能电抗器区域转接母线垂直设计,以及成套装置局部GIS设计的集约化设计方案。在合理控制设备和工程建设成本的前提下,优化解决了其粗放型使用建设用地的问题。采用集约化设计后,HCSR占地可节约25%左右,效果显著。