Ionic liquid-based transparent membrane-coupled human lung epithelium-on-a-chip demonstrating PM0.5 pollution effect under breathing mechanostress

The plausibility of human exposure to particulate matter(PM)has witnessed an increase within the last several years.PM of different sizes has been discovered in the atmosphere given the role of dust transport in weather and climate composition.As a regulator,the lung epithelium orchestrates the innate response to local damage.Herein,we developed a lung epithelium-ona-chip platform consisting of easily moldable polydimethylsiloxane layers along with a thin,flexible,and transparent ionic liquid-based poly(hydroxyethyl)methacrylate gel membrane.The epithelium was formed through the culture of human lung epithelial cells(Calu-3)on this membrane.The mechanical stress at the air–liquid interface during inhalation/exhalation was recapitulated using an Arduino-based servo motor system,which applied a uniaxial tensile strength from the two sides of the chip with 10%strain and a frequency of 0.2 Hz.Subsequently,the administration of silica nanoparticles(PM0.5)with an average size of 463 nm to the on-chip platform under static,dynamic,and dynamic+mechanical stress(DMS)conditions demonstrated the effect of environmental pollutants on lung epithelium.The viability and release of lactate dehydrogenase were determined along with proinflammatory response through the quantification of tumor necrosis factor-α,which indicated alterations in the epithelium.

Amethod for sharing dynamic geometry information in studies on liquid-based detectors

Liquid-based detectors are widely used in particle and nuclear physics experiments.Because fixed method is used to construct the geometry in detector simulations such as Geant4,it is usually difficult to describe the non-uniformity of the liquid in a detector.We propose a method based on geometry description markup language and a tessellated detector description to share the detector geometry information between computational fluid dynamics simulation software and detector simulation software.This method makes it possible to study the impact of a liquid flow and non-uniformity on the key performance of a liquid-based detector,such as the event vertex reconstruction resolution.This will also be helpful in the detector design and performance optimization.

Comparison of smear cytology with liquid-based cytology in pancreatic lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is a safe and accurate technique to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatic cancers.Recently,numerous studies comparing the diagnostic efficacy of smear cytology(SC)and liquid-based cytology(LBC)for pancreatic lesions yielded mixed results.AIM To compare and identify the better cytology method for EUS-FNA in pancreatic lesions.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane was undertaken through July 18,2020.The primary endpoint was diagnostic accuracy(sensitivity and specificity).Secondary outcomes included sample adequacy and post procedure complications.In addition,factors affecting diagnostic efficacy were discussed.RESULTS Data on a total of 1121 comparisons from 10 studies met the inclusion criteria.Pooled rates of sensitivity for SC and LBC were 78%(67%-87%)vs 75%(67%-81%),respectively.In any case,both SC and LBC exhibited a high specificity close to 100%.Inadequate samples more often appeared in LBC compared with SC.However,the LBC samples exhibited a better visual field than SC.Very few post procedure complications were observed.CONCLUSION Our data suggested that for EUS-FNA in pancreatic lesions(particularly solid lesions),SC with Rapid On-Site Evaluation represents a superior diagnostic technique.If Rapid On-Site Evaluation is unavailable,LBC may replace smears.The diagnostic accuracy of LBC depends on different LBC techniques.

Diagnostic value of liquid-based cytology and smear cytology in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Smear cytology(SC)using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is the established and traditional choice for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.Liquid-based cytology(LBC)is a novel alternative cytological method,however,the comparative diagnostic efficacy of LBC remains inconclusive.AIM To examine the diagnostic efficacy of LBC and SC for pancreatic specimens obtained through EUS-FNA via a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.The numbers of true positives,false positives,true negatives,and false negatives for each cytological test(LBC and CS)were extracted from the included studies.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)were calculated,and the AUC was compared by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies II tool.RESULTS A total of 1656 patients in eight studies were included.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the AUC for LBC were 0.76(95%CI:0.72-0.79),1.00(95%CI:0.98-1.00),and 0.9174,respectively,for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.The pooled estimates for SC were as follows:Sensitivity,0.68(95%CI:0.64-0.71);specificity,0.99(95%CI:0.96-100.00);and AUC,0.9714.Similarly,the corresponding values for LBC combined with SC were 0.87(95%CI:0.84-0.90),0.99(95%CI:0.96-1.00),and 0.9894.Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used to compare the sensitivities and AUCs of the three diagnostic methods;statistically significant differences were found between the three methods,and LBC combined with SC was superior to both LBC(P<0.05)and SC(P<0.05).The pooled sensitivity and AUC did not change significantly in the sensitivity analysis.CONCLUSION LBC may be sensitive than SC in the cytological diagnosis of pancreatic lesions,however,the superior diagnostic performance of their combination emphasizes their integrated usage in the clinical evaluation of pancreatic lesions.

Comparative Study of Cell Findings by Conventional Smear and Liquid-Based Cytology for Oral Exfoliative Cytology

Background: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a method of manufacturing cyto-diagnostic specimens. Improved accuracy is expected from standardizing specimen production and use of this method is rapidly spreading in oral cytology. On the other hand, LBC reportedly requires training to show peculiar cell findings compared to those of conventional smear cytology (CVC). Few studies have compared detailed cell findings for oral CVC and LBC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cytological findings between CVC and LBC using cytomorphological image analysis. Materials and Methods: Cytological specimens were collected from 20 patients (negative for squamous neoplasia in 10, dysplasia in 5, squamous cell carcinoma in 5) and 5 controls of the tongue between January 2017 and December 2018. Two different preparation techniques were investigated cytomorphologically for CVC and LBC (BD CytorichTM). Results: LBC showed significantly higher cell numbers than CVC for all lesions. LBC-to-CVC ratio ranged from 9.52 (hyperkeratosis) to 1.87 (deep cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)). Nuclear area of normal, hyperkeratosis, and inflammation were significantly higher in LBC than those of CVC. Hyperchromasia was significantly more frequent with CVC than with LBC for hyperkeratosis, inflammation, dysplasia and OSCC. There was no significant difference in circularity between CVC and LBC among all lesions. Conclusion: Only one cytomorphological disadvantage was seen with LBC, in the form of decreased hyperchromasia. Further clarification of the advantages and disadvantages of LBC is needed, including management of precision and screening practices.

Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Detected with Cervical Liquid-Based Cytology: Old Concerns or New Facilities?

Background: The detection of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) in cervical samples is not a common finding. Therefore, we aimed to report VAINs detected in liquid-based cytology (LBC) from women examined at Hospital das Clínicas of Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University. Materials and Methods: We evaluated LBC samples from women referred to gynecology examination for different reasons (previous abnormal PapTest, follow up of treated cervical lesion, ecc) and women examined for regular screening proposals, and compared with biopsy diagnoses, including the controversial diagnoses of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). Results: From 1866 patients, 1423 (76.3%) cases were negative and 443 (23.7%) were positive for any cellular alteration. Age of patients ranged from 12 to 86 years. We detected 25 histologically confirmed VAIN (1.3% p = 0.0002 by Fisher’s exact test IC 95% 0.0090 - 0.0198) and 1.1% VAIN (p = 0.0031 by Fisher’s exact test IC 95% 0.0077 - 0.0179). Conclusion: The identification of VAIN in routine is feasible;the professionals involved with cytological examination should be aware of these lesions in Pap test samples.

六味能消丸TLC鉴别及3种蒽醌类成分的含量测定

目的建立六味能消丸的TLC鉴别方法,并采用一测多评法同时测定其中大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚的含量。方法采用TLC鉴别干姜、大黄药材。分析采用Phenomenex C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相甲醇-0.2%H_(3)PO_(4)溶液(85∶15);体积流量1.0 mL/min;柱温30℃;检测波长254 nm。以大黄酚为内标,计算其他2种成分的相对校正因子,测定其含量。结果TLC斑点清晰,分离度良好。3种成分在各自范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9998),平均加样回收率98.89%~101.11%,RSD 1.31%~1.69%。一测多评法所得结果与外标法接近。结论该方法准确稳定,重复性好,可用于六味能消丸的质量控制。

TLC-SERS同时检测降压类保健食品中五种沙坦类违禁添加成分

由于人们不健康的饮食结构和生活作息习惯以及人口老龄化等因素,高血压等慢性病发病率逐渐增高,降压类保健食品逐渐受到人们青睐。但是市场中存在不良商家为了提高保健食品的功效,向保健食品中非法添加降压药,尤其是沙坦类降压药的现象。建立了一种薄层色谱层析技术(TLC)与表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)联用方法,对降压类保健食品中五种可能添加的沙坦类违禁成分(奥美沙坦酯、厄贝沙坦、氯沙坦钾、替米沙坦、缬沙坦)进行同步检测。对五种药物的SERS检测最佳条件进行探究,并通过比较不同成分及配比的TLC展开剂对于五种药物的分离效果,经过大量配方试验后成功得到环己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-冰醋酸=53∶35∶12∶0.25(v/v/v/v)的分离体系,对五种药物具有良好的分离效果。确定实验条件后利用TLC分离技术对样品溶液分别进行初步分离,在薄层板上不同比移值的斑点原位处滴加金胶进行SERS检测,对样品溶液在斑点原位处的SERS光谱进行采集、比较,确定。研究结果表明,五种沙坦类违禁添加成分可通过TLC明确分离,且其SERS光谱特征峰一致、重复性良好,根据各自的特征峰可快速定性分析,检出限在0.1~1 mg·kg^(-1)之间。研究建立的TLC-SERS方法简单、快速,能够为保健食品中违禁添加成分的现场初步快速筛查提供一定参考。

TLC Identification of Yao Medicine Pileostegia tomentellal and Extraction Technology and Content Determination of Umbelliferone

[Objectives]To establish a TLC and content determination method of Pileostegia tomentellal,with umbelliferone as the indicator component.[Methods]TLC identification was performed by silica gel G thin layer plate with n-hexane-ethyl acetate(4:3)as the developing agent,and the plate was examined by UV lamp(365 nm).The umbelliferone content was determined by HPLC:Inertsil ODS-3 C 18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm);mobile phase acetonitrile-0.2%phosphoric acid gradient elution;detection wavelength 320 nm,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,column temperature 30℃,injection volume 10μL.[Results]The chromatogram of P.tomentellal showed the same color spot in the same position as that of reference medicinal material,and the spot was clear with good specificity.Umbelliferone showed a good linear relationship when the injection volume was 2.63-131.27μg/mL(R^(2)=0.9997).The average recovery of umbelliferone in the low,middle and high adding groups of P.tomentellal was 99.57%and the RSD was 2.15%.[Conclusions]The method can effectively identify Yao medicine P.tomentellal and accurately determine the content of umbelliferone in medicinal materials,which will provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of medicinal resources of Yao medicine P.tomentellal.

Establishment of a TLC Identification Method for Ensete wilsonii

[Objectives]The paper was to establish a TLC identification method for Ensete wilsonii.[Methods]Usingβ-sitosterol as the reference,the effects of preparation methods of test solutions,developing solvents,developing distances and color developing agents on TLC analysis were investigated,and the best TLC conditions for E.wilsonii were determined.[Results]The test solution prepared with 90%methanol solvent was dotted on TLC silica gel G plate,and developed with dichloromethane-toluene-methanol=10:5:1.5 as the developing solvent.Then the plate was sprayed with 10%sulfuric acid ethanol solution,and dried with hot blast for color development.Finally,the plate was examined under an ultraviolet lamp at 365 nm.The TLC results of E.wilsonii obtained showed good separation and color development effect,and the spots were clear and characteristic.[Conclusions]This method is safe,specific,and easy to operate,and can be used as a TLC identification method for E.wilsonii.

TLC Identification and Extraction Process of Rubiasin-1-methyl Ether from Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu

[Objectives]To establish a thin-layer chromatography(TLC)method for the determination of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu(Damnacanthus giganteus).[Methods]A silica gel G thin-layer plate was adopted for TLC.Petroleum ether(60-90℃)-chloroform-methanol-water(7:15:3:1)was used as the developing solvent and inspected under ultraviolet lamp(365 nm).The content was determined by Inertsil ODS-3 C 18 column(4.60 mm×250 mm,5μm),mobile phase:acetonitrile-0.2%phosphoric acid gradient elution,detection wavelength 277 nm,flow rate 1.0 mL/min,column temperature 30℃,injection volume 10μL.[Results]The spots of 10 Chuanlianzhu samples from different origins showed the same color at the same position as the control,and the spots were clear and specific.The injection volume of rubiadin-1-methyl ether showed a good linear relationship in the range of 2.90-145μg(R=0.9996).The average recovery rate of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in the low,medium and high dose groups of Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu was 98.72%,and RSD=1.78%.[Conclusions]This method can effectively identify Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu medicinal materials and accurately determine the content of rubiadin-1-methyl ether in the medicinal materials.It provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of Yao Medicine Chuanlianzhu medicinal resources.

牙膏中三七皂苷TLC定性检测法的改进

目的:寻找、建立一个磷酸氢钙与二氧化硅复配体系牙膏中三七皂苷检测薄层色谱的方法与规程,适用于检测、验证牙膏成品中含有三七根酊、三七花酊、三七总皂苷、三七叶皂苷。方法:以过滤、化学反应、萃取、吸附、洗脱等原理分离出牙膏中存在的三七根、叶、花皂苷,并制成供试样品,通过比较供试样品与对照样品在硅胶板上显现的点位,进行结果判断,确认该成品是否符合配方和生产工艺加工制出。结果:供试品与对照品以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水(15∶40∶22∶10)为展开剂,5℃~10℃展开,喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液显色,供试品中主要成分的色谱点,与对照品色谱点应显相同位置;置紫外光灯(365nm)下检视,显相同的荧光斑点。结论:通过本次方法学改进,确认符合磷酸氢钙与二氧化硅复配体系牙膏的TLC检测方法。

TLC插卡型模板早拆体系在施工中的应用

本文通过对TLC插卡型模板早拆体系在施工中的应用展开探讨,旨在分析技术应用效果以及优化应用策略,确保其技术效用的充分发挥。通过对相关文献的综合调研和分析,在施工现场使用TLC插卡型模板早拆体系,并结合实际案例探讨其应用流程。经过实践证明,TLC插卡型模板早拆体系能够显著提高施工效率。由于其设计先进,可灵活拆卸的特点,大大缩短了施工周期,节约了人力资源和材料费用。此外,该体系还具有较高的稳定性,能够有效防止模板的倾倒和坍塌等意外事故。综上所述,TLC插卡型模板早拆体系在施工中具有广阔的应用前景。为了充分发挥TLC插卡型模板早拆体系的优势,需要确保各环节施工作业的高效开展,这样一来才能够保障工程项目的整体建设效果。由此可见,在今后的建筑施工中,值得进一步推广和应用这种模板体系,以满足不断增长的建筑需求,推动建筑行业的健康可持续发展。

TLC插卡型模板早拆体系施工方法

文章立足于TLC插卡型模板特点,围绕该模板早拆体系的施工方法展开探讨,旨在进一步提高该模板体系的应用效率,为施工作业的高效开展奠定良好的基础。本文结合大量的文献资料,严格按照设计要求开展模板搭建、混凝土浇筑以及模板拆除等施工作业。TLC插卡型模板早拆体系的应用,应严格遵守相关标准要求,并对其进行科学优化和调整。研究结果表明,TLC插卡型模板早拆施工体系的应用,在缩短施工工期、提升施工效率等方面都发挥着非常关键的作用。而且该方法还具有可重复使用的特点,大大提升了建筑工程项目的节能环保效果,为后期建筑行业的健康可持续发展提供了可靠的保障。总之,TLC插卡型早拆体系使用方法值得在建筑工程项目建设中得到全面推广应用。希望通过本文的探究,能够为相关工作的开展起到参考作用。

几种单糖、寡糖TLC条件的确立及草石蚕寡糖中水苏糖含量测定

目的:建立薄层色谱(TLC)分析几种单糖、寡糖的有效方法,并测定草石蚕寡糖中水苏糖含量。方法:以果糖、蔗糖、棉子糖和水苏糖为研究对象,从斑点分离度、斑点集中与否、有无拖尾现象及展开时间几方面探讨其在不同体系下的薄层色谱行为;通过薄层色谱扫描(TLCS)测定草石蚕寡糖中水苏糖含量。结果:确立适合的展开系统为乙酸乙酯/甲醇/水/冰乙酸(11.5:3.2:2:3.2),合适的显色剂为茴香醛-浓硫酸显色剂;草石蚕寡糖中水苏糖含量为69.3%。

知母中知母皂苷BⅡ的TLC鉴别及HPLC法含量测定

目的:建立知母药材中知母皂苷BⅡ的 TLC 鉴别及 HPLC 含量测定方法。方法:TLC 法,展开剂:氯仿-甲醇-水(65:35:10)10℃以下放置的下层溶液为展开剂,显色剂:10%硫酸乙醇溶液,105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。HPLC 法,色谱柱:HiQ-sil C_(18)(5μm,4.6mm×250mm),流动相:甲醇-水(53:47),流速:0.8 mL·min^(-1),检测:蒸发光散射检测器(ELSD),漂移管温度:100℃,气体流速:2.6L·min^(-1)。结果:3批药材中知母皂苷 BⅡ成分的 TLC 分离效果均较好,HPLC 法测得知母皂苷 BⅡ的平均回收率为97.7%,RSD 为1.8%。结论:该方法准确可靠,可用于知母药材质量控制。

冬虫夏草及人工虫草核苷类成分的TLCS研究

目的 :以腺苷、尿苷、鸟苷为指标测定天然虫草与人工虫草菌丝体中核苷类有效成分的含量 ,并对不同虫草样品进行薄层色谱指纹图谱对比研究 ,探求虫草中核苷类化合物鉴别的专属性。方法 :采用高效薄层色谱扫描法进行含量测定 ,同时建立了不同虫草样品的荧光淬灭薄层色谱指纹图谱。结果 :虫草菌丝体中测得腺苷、尿苷鸟苷成分高于天然虫草。结论 :该法快速简便 ,重现性好 ,能有效鉴别出虫草中核苷类成分以及评价不同虫草样品的质量。

应用TLC-FT-SERS对萝芙木中利血平成分的研究

本文报道了应用薄层色谱（ＴＬＣ） 与傅里叶变换表面增强拉曼光谱（ＦＴ－ＳＥＲＳ） 联用技术， 获得了中草药萝芙木有效成分利血平光谱研究的新方法。研究表明：在薄层原位约２ μｇ 的样品即可获得利血平分子的特征振动谱带，并阐述了样品分子在表面增强基底银微粒表面的吸附模式。

TLCS法测定白术炮制前后苍术酮的含量

目的:比较白术药材炮制前后苍术酮的含量变化。方法:采用薄层扫描法比较3批不同产地白术炮制前后苍术酮的峰面积变化。结果:3批不同产地的白术麸炒品中苍术酮的含量均低于生品。结论:炮制后苍术酮的含量有所降低,为白术炮制前后质量控制提供依据。

灵芝胶囊中腺苷、腺嘌呤的TLC鉴别及腺苷的HPLC法含量测定

目的:建立灵芝胶囊中腺苷及腺嘌呤的TLC鉴别方法及腺苷的HPLC含量测定方法。方法:TLC法,采用硅胶GF_(254)薄层板,以氯仿-乙酸乙酯-异丙醇-水(8:3:1.5:0.5)为展开剂,紫外光灯(254 nm)检视。HPLC法,采用Shiseido C_(18)色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mn,5μm),以甲醇-0.01mol·L^(-1)磷酸二氢钾(10:90)为流动相,流速1.0 mL·min^(-1),检测波长:254 nm,柱温26℃。结果:样品中腺苷及腺嘌呤的TLC分离良好;HPLC法测定,腺苷进样量在2.08 ng～2.08μg范围内,与峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系,(r=0.9999),最低检出量为2.08 ng,平均回收率为100.3%(n=9)。结论:TLC法及HPLC法重复性好,且简便、易行,可用于灵芝胶囊剂叶腺苷类成分的检测。