Amethod for sharing dynamic geometry information in studies on liquid-based detectors

Liquid-based detectors are widely used in particle and nuclear physics experiments.Because fixed method is used to construct the geometry in detector simulations such as Geant4,it is usually difficult to describe the non-uniformity of the liquid in a detector.We propose a method based on geometry description markup language and a tessellated detector description to share the detector geometry information between computational fluid dynamics simulation software and detector simulation software.This method makes it possible to study the impact of a liquid flow and non-uniformity on the key performance of a liquid-based detector,such as the event vertex reconstruction resolution.This will also be helpful in the detector design and performance optimization.

Comparison of smear cytology with liquid-based cytology in pancreatic lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is a safe and accurate technique to confirm the diagnosis of pancreatic cancers.Recently,numerous studies comparing the diagnostic efficacy of smear cytology(SC)and liquid-based cytology(LBC)for pancreatic lesions yielded mixed results.AIM To compare and identify the better cytology method for EUS-FNA in pancreatic lesions.METHODS A comprehensive search of PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane was undertaken through July 18,2020.The primary endpoint was diagnostic accuracy(sensitivity and specificity).Secondary outcomes included sample adequacy and post procedure complications.In addition,factors affecting diagnostic efficacy were discussed.RESULTS Data on a total of 1121 comparisons from 10 studies met the inclusion criteria.Pooled rates of sensitivity for SC and LBC were 78%(67%-87%)vs 75%(67%-81%),respectively.In any case,both SC and LBC exhibited a high specificity close to 100%.Inadequate samples more often appeared in LBC compared with SC.However,the LBC samples exhibited a better visual field than SC.Very few post procedure complications were observed.CONCLUSION Our data suggested that for EUS-FNA in pancreatic lesions(particularly solid lesions),SC with Rapid On-Site Evaluation represents a superior diagnostic technique.If Rapid On-Site Evaluation is unavailable,LBC may replace smears.The diagnostic accuracy of LBC depends on different LBC techniques.

Diagnostic value of liquid-based cytology and smear cytology in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Smear cytology(SC)using endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA)is the established and traditional choice for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.Liquid-based cytology(LBC)is a novel alternative cytological method,however,the comparative diagnostic efficacy of LBC remains inconclusive.AIM To examine the diagnostic efficacy of LBC and SC for pancreatic specimens obtained through EUS-FNA via a systematic review and meta-analysis.METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed,EMBASE,the Cochrane Library,and Web of Science.The numbers of true positives,false positives,true negatives,and false negatives for each cytological test(LBC and CS)were extracted from the included studies.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)were calculated,and the AUC was compared by Tukey's multiple comparisons test.The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies II tool.RESULTS A total of 1656 patients in eight studies were included.The pooled sensitivity and specificity and the AUC for LBC were 0.76(95%CI:0.72-0.79),1.00(95%CI:0.98-1.00),and 0.9174,respectively,for diagnosing pancreatic lesions.The pooled estimates for SC were as follows:Sensitivity,0.68(95%CI:0.64-0.71);specificity,0.99(95%CI:0.96-100.00);and AUC,0.9714.Similarly,the corresponding values for LBC combined with SC were 0.87(95%CI:0.84-0.90),0.99(95%CI:0.96-1.00),and 0.9894.Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was used to compare the sensitivities and AUCs of the three diagnostic methods;statistically significant differences were found between the three methods,and LBC combined with SC was superior to both LBC(P<0.05)and SC(P<0.05).The pooled sensitivity and AUC did not change significantly in the sensitivity analysis.CONCLUSION LBC may be sensitive than SC in the cytological diagnosis of pancreatic lesions,however,the superior diagnostic performance of their combination emphasizes their integrated usage in the clinical evaluation of pancreatic lesions.

Comparative Study of Cell Findings by Conventional Smear and Liquid-Based Cytology for Oral Exfoliative Cytology

Background: Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a method of manufacturing cyto-diagnostic specimens. Improved accuracy is expected from standardizing specimen production and use of this method is rapidly spreading in oral cytology. On the other hand, LBC reportedly requires training to show peculiar cell findings compared to those of conventional smear cytology (CVC). Few studies have compared detailed cell findings for oral CVC and LBC. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare cytological findings between CVC and LBC using cytomorphological image analysis. Materials and Methods: Cytological specimens were collected from 20 patients (negative for squamous neoplasia in 10, dysplasia in 5, squamous cell carcinoma in 5) and 5 controls of the tongue between January 2017 and December 2018. Two different preparation techniques were investigated cytomorphologically for CVC and LBC (BD CytorichTM). Results: LBC showed significantly higher cell numbers than CVC for all lesions. LBC-to-CVC ratio ranged from 9.52 (hyperkeratosis) to 1.87 (deep cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)). Nuclear area of normal, hyperkeratosis, and inflammation were significantly higher in LBC than those of CVC. Hyperchromasia was significantly more frequent with CVC than with LBC for hyperkeratosis, inflammation, dysplasia and OSCC. There was no significant difference in circularity between CVC and LBC among all lesions. Conclusion: Only one cytomorphological disadvantage was seen with LBC, in the form of decreased hyperchromasia. Further clarification of the advantages and disadvantages of LBC is needed, including management of precision and screening practices.

Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia Detected with Cervical Liquid-Based Cytology: Old Concerns or New Facilities?

Background: The detection of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN) in cervical samples is not a common finding. Therefore, we aimed to report VAINs detected in liquid-based cytology (LBC) from women examined at Hospital das Clínicas of Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo State University. Materials and Methods: We evaluated LBC samples from women referred to gynecology examination for different reasons (previous abnormal PapTest, follow up of treated cervical lesion, ecc) and women examined for regular screening proposals, and compared with biopsy diagnoses, including the controversial diagnoses of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN). Results: From 1866 patients, 1423 (76.3%) cases were negative and 443 (23.7%) were positive for any cellular alteration. Age of patients ranged from 12 to 86 years. We detected 25 histologically confirmed VAIN (1.3% p = 0.0002 by Fisher’s exact test IC 95% 0.0090 - 0.0198) and 1.1% VAIN (p = 0.0031 by Fisher’s exact test IC 95% 0.0077 - 0.0179). Conclusion: The identification of VAIN in routine is feasible;the professionals involved with cytological examination should be aware of these lesions in Pap test samples.

Liquid-based high-temperature receiver technologies for next-generation concentrating solar power:A review of challenges and potential solutions

To reduce the levelized cost of energy for concentrating solar power(CSP),the outlet temperature of the solar receiver needs to be higher than 700°C in the next-generation CSP.Because of extensive engineering application experience,the liquid-based receiver is an attractive receiver technology for the next-generation CSP.This review is focused on four of the most promising liquid-based receivers,including chloride salts,sodium,lead-bismuth,and tin receivers.The challenges of these receivers and corresponding solutions are comprehensively reviewed and classified.It is concluded that combining salt purification and anti-corrosion receiver materials is promising to tackle the corrosion problems of chloride salts at high temperatures.In addition,reducing energy losses of the receiver from sources and during propagation is the most effective way to improve the receiver efficiency.Moreover,resolving the sodium fire risk and material compatibility issues could promote the potential application of liquid-metal receivers.Furthermore,using multiple heat transfer fluids in one system is also a promising way for the next-generation CSP.For example,the liquid sodium is used as the heat transfer fluid while the molten chloride salt is used as the storage medium.In the end,suggestions for future studies are proposed to bridge the research gaps for>700℃liquid-based receivers.

小麦属间杂种的育性及形态学、细胞学研究

硬粒小麦与天蓝偃麦草二属杂种F1自交可育 ,经细胞学研究表明 ,是由于杂种在减数分裂四分体时期形成不均等的三分体 ,使小孢子含双亲大部分染色体 ,从而形成有功能的配子。同时对杂种后代的性状、育性结合细胞学进行了探讨。此外 ,对小麦—簇毛麦—偃麦草三属杂种F2 ,F3 ,BC1F1及小麦—偃麦草—簇毛麦—黑麦四属杂种高代材料的育性进行了分析。属间杂种后代性状分离复杂 。

高危型人乳头瘤病毒基因检测和液基细胞学在宫颈癌筛查中的联合应用

目的探讨薄层液基细胞学(TCT)检测和高危型人乳头瘤病毒基因(HR-HPV DNA)检测在子宫颈癌筛查中的临床应用。方法对有HR-HPV DNA检测和组织学结果的728例阳性TCT病例资料进行回顾性分析。结果 728例患者病理学诊断为正常、宫颈上皮内瘤变1(CIN1)、CIN2/3、子宫颈鳞癌、子宫颈腺癌、子宫内膜癌分别为152、310、238、22、1、5例,细胞学诊断为鳞状上皮内低度病变(LSIL)、鳞状上皮内高度病变(HSIL)、鳞状细胞癌(SCC)相对于CIN1/HPV、CIN2/CIN3、子宫颈鳞癌的符合率分别是54.7%、65.4%、85.7%;细胞学诊断为非典型腺细胞(AGC)、非典型鳞状细胞-意义不明(ASC-US)、非典型鳞状细胞-不除外上皮内高度病变(ASC-H)、LSIL、HSIL、SCC的患者分别是8、227、22、311、153、7例,其中HR-HPVDNA的阳性率分别是75%、85.5%、77%(17/22)、91.3%、93%、100%;TCT联合HR-HPV DNA检测与病理诊断CIN的符合率为82.5%,单纯TCT检查与病理诊断CIN的符合率为79.1%,两者比较差异无显著性;不同年龄组HR-HPV感染率、CIN发生率无显著性;以病理诊断≥CIN2为阳性结果,HR-HPV DNA检测在ASC-US患者中的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别是98.1%、14.0%、27.3%、96.7%。结论液基细胞学和HR-HPV DNA检测是子宫颈癌筛查的有效方法,HR-HPV DNA的检测有利于细胞学诊断为ASC-US的分流管理。

一株新灭蚊真菌的细胞学观察

目的 :对灭蚊真菌卡地腐霉的菌丝、菌斑、游动孢子以及受染蚊虫的身体特征进行初步观察。方法 :采用富尔根染色、荧光染色 ,透射电镜观察游动孢子和菌丝体的细胞核 ,用小培养方法观察测量菌丝体及生长过程。结果 :菌丝直径 (5 .0 2± 0 .3 9) μm ,游动孢子直径 (3 .89± 11.67) μm。 结论 :对卡地腐霉细胞学的初步的研究 。

p16/Ki-67双染在宫颈癌筛查分流中的应用价值

目的探讨P16/Ki-67细胞内共表达与宫颈癌及癌前病变的关系及其用于HPV阳性细胞学阴性、意义不明的非典型鳞状上皮细胞。(ASC-US)和低度鳞状上皮内病变(LSIL)人群分流中的价值。方法选取青岛大学附属医院2019~2020年同时行P16/Ki-67免疫细胞化学双染(P16/Ki-67双染)、液基细胞学(LCT)、人乳头瘤病毒检测(HPV HCII)病例875例,分析P16/Ki-67双染在不同级别细胞学和组织学中的阳性率及在检出≥CINII的特异度、灵敏度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及符合率与LCT和HPV HCII之间的差异。结果P16/Ki-67双染的阳性率在LCT+中显著高于LCT-中(P<0.05),并随着宫颈病变组织学级别的升高而升高,且各级别之间有显著差异(P<0.05);在对HPV阳性细胞学阴性的患者分流中,P16/Ki-67双染对检出≥CINII的特异度为91.11%;在对ASC-US患者的分流中,P16/Ki-67双染的对检出≥CINII的特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、符合率分别为66.91%、48.31%、85.32%和68.69%,均高于HPV HCII,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在LSIL患者的分流中,P16/Ki-67双染对检出≥CINII的特异度、阳性预测值和符合率分别为85.19%、60.0%和80.56%,显著高于HPV HCII(P<0.05)。结论P16/Ki-67双染在用于HPV阳性细胞学阴性、ASC-US、LSIL人群的分流中对提高≥CINII的检出率具有良好的诊断准确性,具有重要的临床应用价值。

子宫颈癌癌前病变筛查方法的探讨

目的:观察并评价改良Reid阴道镜评分(RCI)联合薄层液基细胞学技术(LPT)对子宫颈癌癌前病变的诊断价值,探求子宫颈癌癌前病变的最佳筛查方法。方法:对2006年4～7月就诊于吉林大学第一临床医院门诊阴道镜诊室的109名患者进行LPT及阴道镜检查并结合Reid评分,对子宫颈癌癌前病变进行筛查,并在阴道镜异常图像处取活检,以组织病理学结果为标准进行分析。结果:阴道镜诊断与组织病理学对照,完全符合率为54.13%,包括相差一个级别在内的符合率为93.58%,灵敏度为86.49%,特异性为45.83%。37例病理阳性者中,阴道镜检出32例,敏感度86.49%;LPT检出12例,敏感度为32.43%,两者相比有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:采用宫颈细胞学联合阴道镜检查可降低筛查的漏诊率,是子宫颈癌癌前病变的有效筛查方法。

利用液基细胞学技术进行宫颈癌筛查的研究

目的 评价 Autocyteprep液基细胞学在宫颈癌筛查中的准确性。 方法 随机选择10 0 0名宫颈癌高发地区已婚妇女 ,进行宫颈液基细胞标本采集及细胞学诊断、阴道镜检查并取活体组织做组织病理学诊断。细胞学诊断采用 TBS (the bethesda system ,TBS)诊断系统 ,阳性诊断包括意义不明的不典型鳞状细胞、鳞状上皮内病变及鳞状细胞癌。分级诊断遵循细胞学诊断与组织病理学诊断可以相差一级的原则。所有检查均双盲进行。 结果 Autocyteprep液基细胞学检查阳性符合率鳞状上皮癌 2 / 2 ,宫颈上皮内瘤变 级检出 4 / 4 ,宫颈上皮内瘤变 级检出 87.5 0 % (14 / 16 ) ;分级诊断的准确率鳞状上皮癌、宫颈上皮内瘤变 级和宫颈上皮内瘤变 级分别为 2 / 2、 4 / 4和6 2 .5 0 % (10 / 16 ) ;细胞学诊断的假阴性率分别为 0 (0 / 2 )、 0 (0 / 4 )和 12 .5 0 % (2 / 16 )。 结论 Autocyteprep液基细胞学诊断方法 ,具有较高的灵敏性 ,尤其是对于高度鳞状上皮内病变 ,是一种高效、便捷的宫颈癌筛选方法。

Determination of Four Pesticides in Soil by Homogeneous Ionic Liquid-based Microextraction Coupled with High-performance Liquid Chromatography

Homogeneous ionic liquid microextraction was developed for the simultaneceus extraction of dimetho- morph, mefenacet, isoprothiolane and oxadiazon from soil. 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate was used as extraction solvent, and ammonium hexafluorophosphate was used as ion-pairing agent. High-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was employed for separation and determination of the analytes. The calibration curves show good linear relationship（r〉0.9988）. The recoveries are between 74.2% and 97.9% with relative standard devia- tions（RSDs） lower than 5.97%. The present method is free of volatile organic solvents, and expenditures of sample, extraction time and solvent are lower, compared with ultrasonic and Soxhlet extraction. There was no obvious diffe- rence in the extraction recoveries of pesticides obtained by the three extraction methods.

Preparation of Ionic Liquid-based Vilsmier Reagent from Novel Multi-purpose Dimethyl Formamide-like Ionic Liquid and Its Application

In continuation of research to explore the applied potential of DMF-like ionic liquid, the ionic liquid version of N,N-dimethyliminiumchloride （Vilsmier reagent） has been synthesized from DMF-like ionic liquid and tested effectively for its capacity to achieve more useful organic transformations. The results show that DMF-like ionic liquid is world＇s first task specific ionic liquid which has catalyzed numerous diverse type of reaction and is multipurpose in its application. Thus a new term for this DMF-like ionic liquid has been coined that is DMF-like ＂multipurpose＂ ionic liquid.

Ionic Liquid-based Microwave-assisted Liquid-liquid Microextraction and High Performance Liquid Chromatography Determination of Sulfonamides from Animal Oils

The authors performed ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction（IL-based MALLME） coupled with high performance liquid chromatographic separation for the determination of 6 sulfonamides （SAs） from animal oils. The target analytes were extracted from animal oil samples with sodium hydroxide solution containing 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborateand as the extraction solvent under microwave irradiation. The experimental parameters of the IL-based MALLME, including types of ILs, volume of IL, amount of ion-pairing agent（NHaPF6）, pH value of sample solution, and extraction temperature and time were evaluated. The limits of detection and quantification obtained were in a range of 0.4--0.5μg/kg and a range of 1.2--1.8μg/kg, respectively. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by analyzing five spiked animal oil samples at two fortified levels（5 and 50μg/kg）, and the recoveries of SAs varied from 81.4% to 114.5% with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.8% to 9.0%.

How Liquid Based Microbiology Can Change the Workflow in the Microbiology Laboratories

Liquid-based microbiology (LBM) is the future for the technological development of microbiology laboratories. In particular, the Eswab system (by Copan) simplifies and streamlines specimen collection and represents the only liquid system supporting the recovery of all types of bacteria (aerobic, anaerobic, and fastidious bacteria). In addition, LBM offers advantages in the efficiency of microorganism recovery and ease of sampling, transport, and storage. LBM also allows the introduction of true automation in the laboratory: either by using Copan ? (Walk-Away Specimen Processor) or any other commercially available specimen processor that utilizes LBM. In this paper, we illustrate how LBM can positively change laboratory workflow by illustrating several years of our experience with LBM. LBM allows clinical specimen optimization and has several important advantages: cost reduction (due to the smaller number of different devices used), time savings for medical or nursing staff (less confusion in collection device selection and fewer samples being collected), time savings for laboratory staff (fewer samples to access and handle for individual investigations), and patient comfort improvement (multiple sample collection can be avoided). A unique collection device for several investigations also guarantees quality due to the uniformity of the sample and standardization of procedures.

Effectiveness of Co-Testing in Cervical Cancer Screening Program in Macao SAR

Background: Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern in Macao SAR despite the implementation of a cervical cancer screening program and HPV vaccination. To improve early detection, Macao SAR introduced HPV DNA testing alongside cytology (co-testing) as the primary screening method in 2019. This study evaluates the effectiveness of co-testing in identifying cervical precancerous lesions (CIN2+) compared to cytology alone. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of women aged 30 - 65 years who participated in the routine cervical cancer screening program in Macao SAR Primary Healthcare Centers from 2019 to 2022. Data from over 70,000 women were analyzed, comparing the detection rates of CIN2+ through co-testing and cytology alone. Women with abnormal cytology or positive HPV results were referred for colposcopy. Results: The introduction of co-testing led to a significant increase in the detection of CIN2+, particularly in women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) or negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) cytology results. Between 2019 and 2022, the percentage of women with ASCUS/NILM and any high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positive who were diagnosed with CIN2+ after colposcopy were 24%, 13%, 10% and 7.5% respectively. This highlights the ability of co-testing to identify high-risk individuals who would have been missed by cytology alone. Discussion: Our findings demonstrate the effectiveness of co-testing in improving the sensitivity of cervical cancer screening in Macao SAR. The inclusion of HPV DNA testing allows for better risk stratification of women with ASCUS/NILM cytology, leading to more targeted referrals for colposcopy and timely detection of precancerous lesions. The initial high positive rate in 2019 (24%) might be attributed to the small sample size and potentially reflects a backlog of undiagnosed cases prior to co-testing implementation. Conclusion: The implementation of co-testing in Macao SAR’s cervical cancer screening program significantly improves the early detection of precancerous lesions, particularly in women with ambiguous cytology results. This proactive approach contributes to reducing cervical cancer morbidity and mortality and improving women’s health outcomes in Macao SAR.

Study on the Correlation between Human Papillomavirus and Mycoplasma genitalium Combined with TCT Detection

Objective: This study aims to explore the correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) and Mycoplasma genitalium (CT) combined with TCT detection in cervical cancer screening. Method: A cross-sectional study design was adopted, and a total of 609 women who came to seek medical treatment were recruited as the study subjects. Combination testing was evaluated on cervical cancer screening by testing the women for HPV, CT with TCT detection and analyzing the relationship of cervical lesions with HPV and CT infection. Results: The study results showed that 21.57% of the subjects were infected with both HPV and CT, and 48.42% of the cases had abnormal TCT results at the same time. Further data analysis showed that HPV infection was significantly associated with abnormal TCT outcomes (p < 0.05), suggesting a possible synergistic effect of the two infections in cervical lesions. The combined sensitivity and specificity of HPV, CT and TCT detection were 21.57% and 48.42%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of single detection. Conclusion: In summary, the results of this study support the importance of combined HPV, CT, and TCT testing in cervical cancer screening, and propose the hypothesis that combined testing may improve screening effectiveness. However, further large sample studies are needed to confirm this conclusion and explore the prospects of combined testing in clinical practice.

Combining Endometrium Sampling Device and SurePath Preparation to Screen for Endometrial Carcinoma： A Validation Study

Background：The aim of this study was to compare specimen adequacy of SAP-I provided for cytology with that of dilation and curettage （D ＆ C） or hysteroscopy for histology,and evaluate the accuracy of combining endometrium sampling by SAP-1 and liquid-based cytology using SurePath preparation for screening endometrial carcinoma and its precursor.Methods：Endometrial specimens from women （n =1514） with risk factors were obtained using an SAP-l device for cytological analysis; histological samples were obtained from 375 of these women who underwent D ＆ C or hysteroscopy.Cytological specimens were prepared to liquid-based smear using SurePath technology and stained by Papanicolaou.Histological samples were processed in routine pathology and stained by hematoxylin and eosin.Results：Adequate specimens for cytology were obtained from 1458/1541 patients （96.3%）,while adequate samples for pathology were obtained from 285/375 patients （76%）.However,for postmenopausaI women,1006 of 1045 cytology （86.3%） were adequate,153 of 238 histology （64.3%） were adequate,it was easier to collect cytological specimens than histological specimens （P 〈 0.05）.The accuracy of endometrial cytology for detecting endometrial carcinoma and its precursor was 92.4% （sensitivity,73%; specificity,95.8%; positive predictive value,75%; and negative predictive value,95.3%）.Conclusions：Endometrial cytology using SAP-1 sampling and SurePath preparation may be a reliable approach for screening patients with endometrial carcinoma and its precursor.

Structural and Interfacial Effects on Drug Release Kinetics of Liquid‑Based Fibrous Catheter

Catheterization is indispensable in the field of modern medicine.However,catheter-related thrombosis and infections almost inevitably occur during the process,and as drugs can only be administered at the end of catheter,auxiliary strategies are required for successful implantation.Considering these intractable limitations,a type of self-adaptive,anti-coagulate liquidbased fibrous catheter has been developed.More importantly,it has positional drug release property that traditional catheters desperately need but couldn’t attain.Although enlightening,the feasibility and performance of the positional drug release have only been demonstrated by fluorescents,the specific drug release kinetics remains unknown for adaptation to application scenarios.Therefore,we systematically investigate the structural and interfacial effects of drug molecules and fibrous matrixes on drug release kinetics in a liquid-based fibrous catheter.Theoretical calculations and experiments demonstrate that oleophilic and hydrophilic molecules release slowly due to a dissolution-diffusion mechanism.Amphipathic molecules,however,will significantly affect the gating performance by affecting the interfacial stability,hence they release quickly with emulsifying the gating liquid.Besides the significant impact of molecular properties and interfacial effects,matrix pore size also has a slight influence that molecules release faster in bigger pores.Through this study,the liquid-based fibrous catheter may step further toward practical applications including chemotherapy,haemodialysis,angiography,etc.to overcome the existing catheter-related limitations.