Mineral-phase evolution and sintering behavior of MO–SiO_2–Al_2O_3–B_2O_3 (M = Ca,Ba) glass-ceramics by low-temperature liquid-phase sintering

In this work, network former SiO_2 and network intermediate Al_2O_3 were introduced into typical low-melting binary compositions CaO·B_2O_3, CaO·2B_2O_3, and BaO·B_2O_3 via an aqueous solid-state suspension milling route. Accordingly, multiple-phase aluminosilicate glass-ceramics were directly obtained via liquid-phase sintering at temperatures below 950°C. On the basis of liquid-phase sintering theory, mineral-phase evolutions and glass-phase formations were systematically investigated in a wide MO–SiO_2–Al_2O_3–B_2O_3(M = Ca, Ba) composition range. The results indicate that major mineral phases of the aluminosilicate glass-ceramics are Al_(20)B_4O_(36), CaAl_2Si_2O_8, and BaAl_2Si_2O_8 and that the glass-ceramic materials are characterized by dense microstructures and excellent dielectric properties.

Preparation of coated sand for selective laser sintering and optimization of baking process of sand moulds

A cold method was used to prepare coated sand for application in the selective laser sintering(SLS)process.Tensile strength,loss on ignition,gas evolution,and accuracy of the SLS samples were tested and analyzed,and the baking process was thoroughly investigated.Compared with coated sand prepared by the hot method,the cold method yields a more uniform and complete resin film on the sand's surface,resulting in enhanced tensile strength and accuracy.Additionally,the cold method requires a lower binder content to meet the same strength requirements,thereby minimizing gas evolution,reducing porosity defects,and ultimately improving casting quality.The coated sand samples prepared through the cold method exhibit superior accuracy,with a size error of within±0.4 mm.In contrast,the coated sand samples prepared by the hot method display a lower accuracy,with an average negative error of 2.1993 mm.The highest tensile strength could be attained by controlling the baking temperature within a suitable range(180-190°C),which can effectively reduce the generation of gas,thus contributing to improved overall performance.

Sintering Densification of Boron Carbide Materials and Their Research Progress

Boron carbide(B_(4)C)has excellent high-temperature oxidation resistance,high hardness,low relative density,high melting point and excellent abrasive resistance,which is widely used in fields such as refractories,wear-resistant materials and lightweight protective materials.The research progress and application of B_(4)C materials in China and overseas in recent years were summarized.The influences of sintering processes(pressureless sintering,hot-pressing sintering,hot isostatic pressing sintering,spark plasma sintering and microwave sintering)and sintering additives(simple substances,oxides and carbides)on the B_(4)C densification were analyzed.The development of B_(4)C materials was prospected.

Sintering zone prediction in direct metal laser sintering by finite element method

A three-dimensional finite element thermal model in direct metal laser sintering(DMLS) including the effect of powder-to-solid transition were established to predict sintering zone, which benefited the determination of suitable process parameters in DMLS. The nonlinear transient model of the metals thermal conductivity for powder-to-solid transition was developed. The model uses solid thermal properties of material in liquid-phase zone, transitional ones in sintering or sintered zone and powder ones in unsintered zones of powder bed to predict, respectively. Sintering zone boundary was estimated by maximum temperature history profile. Experiments were carried out using multi-component Cu-based metal powder. Compared experimental and predicted results, the mean error of sintering depth and width are 7.8% and 14.4%, respectively, which confirms the accuracy of the FEM prediction.

UPPER BOUND METHOD FOR SINTERED POWDER MATERIALS IN PLANE STRAIN

ＵＰＰＥＲＢＯＵＮＤＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＳＩＮＴＥＲＥＤＰＯＷＤＥＲＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬＳＩＮＰＬＡＮＥＳＴＲＡＩＮＵＰＰＥＲＢＯＵＮＤＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＳＩＮＴＥＲＥＤＰＯＷＤＥＲＭＡＴＥＲＩＡＬＳＩＮＰＬＡＮＥＳＴＲＡＩＮ￥Ｈｕａ，ＬｉｎＺｈａｏ，Ｚｈ...

Sintering of monoclinic SrAl_(2)Si_(2)O_(8) ceramics and their Sr immobilization

Monoclinic SrAl_(2)Si_(2)O_(8) ceramics for Sr immobilization were prepared by a liquid-phase sintering method.The sintering temperature,mineral phase composition,microstructure,flexural strength,bulk density,and Sr ion leaching characteristics of the SrAl_(2)Si_(2)O_(8) ceramics were investigated.A crystalline monoclinic SrAl_(2)Si_(2)O_(8) phase formed through liquid-phase sintering at 1223 K.The introduction of four flux agents(B_(2)O_(3),CaO·2B_(2)O_(3),SrO·2B_(2)O_(3),and BaO·2B_(2)O_(3))to the SrAl_(2)Si_(2)O_(8) ceramics not only reduced the densification temperature and decreased the volatilization of Sr during high-temperature sintering but also impacted the mechanical properties of the ceramics.Product consistency tests showed that the leaching concentration of Sr ions in the sample with flux agent B_(2)O_(3) was the lowest,whereas that of Sr ions in the sample with flux agent BaO·2B_(2)O_(3) was the highest.These results show that the leaching concentration of Sr ions depends largely on the amorphous phase in the ceramics.Meanwhile,the formation of mineral analog ceramics containing Sr is an important factor to improve Sr immobilization.

SLIP LINE METHOD FOR SINTERED POWDER MATERIALS UNDER CONDITION OF AXIAL SYMMETRY DEFORMATION

Slip line method for sintered powder materials under condition of axial symmetry is proposed based on the simplified yield condition of sintered powder materials and Haar-von Karman perfect plastic criterion. The equations of slip line and stress along slip line are derived, and numerical solutions are given. Deformation load in closed die upsetting of sintered copper cylinder is calculated by slip line method, and theoretical solutions are compared with experimental results.

Finite-Element Simulation and Experimental Research of the Hot-Press Sintering of Nano-Sized Ceramic Powders

Numerical simulation of hot-press sintering of nano-sized ceramic powders was introduced by the commercial finite element code MSC.MARC. The powder plastic model and the thermo-mechanical coupled quadrilateral element were developed and adopted in the simulation. The mechanical and thermal properties of the nano-sized alumina based powders were determined.In addition, the experimental research and numerical simulation of the sintering process of different initial densities were carried out. The stress state in sintering of green compacts with different initial densities was analyzed by the densification theory.The reason for the density fluctuations of as-sintered ceramic bulks was found out.

The effect of agglomerate on micro-structural evolution in solid-state sintering

Discrete element method (DEM) is used in the present paper to simulate the microstructural evolution of a planar layer of copper particles during sintering. Formation of agglomerates and the effect of their rearrangement on densification are mainly focused on. Comparing to the existing experimental observations, we find that agglomerate can form spontaneously in sintering and its rearrangement could accelerate the densification of compacts. Snapshots of numerical simulations agree qualitatively well with experimental observations. The method could be readily extended to investigate the effect of agglomerate on sintering in a threedimensional model, which should be very useful for understanding the evolution of microstructure of sintering systems.

Dielectric properties of spark plasma sintering AlN-W composite ceramics

In order to develop AlN composites suitable for high average power electronic tube,AlN-W materials were prepared by spark plasma sintering.The effects of manufacture parameters on dielectric loss tangent and permittivity constant were investigated,which include powder-mixed method,milling time of high-energy ball milling,starting powder particle size,sintering temperature and holding time and adding amount of the conductive second phase.The results showed that AlN-W materials sintered at the temperature of 1700°C holding for 5 min with 10 vol.% W showed the best dielectric loss tangent larger than 0.81 at the frequency 1 kHz-1 MHz.In addition,magnetic stirring mixed powder and lower sintering temperature led to the better properties because of the higher porosity.The samples sintered from the starting AlN powder with smaller particle size also had the better properties.

Influences of Sintering Process of Sprayed Precursors on the Struc-ture and Electrochemical Properties of LiMn_2O_4 Cathode Material

明确的尖晶石 LiMn2O4 粉末经由 sintering 被综合一位先锋，它被弄干水花的方法准备。结构和 LiMn2O4 的电气化学的性质上的 sintering 过程的效果被讨论。单个 sintering 不能综合，这被发现纯 LiMn2O4 加重，当二拍子的圆舞 sintering 过程由在提高的温度在 350 ° C 和进一步的 sintering 分解喷洒的先锋组成与同类的粒子尺寸分发导致 single-phased LiMn2O4 的形成时。作为与在空中的那 sintered 相比，在氧的二拍子的圆舞 sintered LiMn2O4 显示出更紧密的结构和更多制服粒子尺寸，以及更好电气化学的性质。它交付 131 mAh 中心点 g~ 的一个起始的分泌物能力(-1)(1/10C ) ，和 still 以更高的率(1/5C ) 有优秀骑车的稳定性。

Finite element method simulation for tensile process of sintered iron-base material

Different material properties leads to different metal fracture behaviors. Even if the powder material is composed of plastic metal, the fracture still does not show macroscopic plastic deformation characteristics if the material contains a large number of voids. Eight node isoparametric elastic plastic finite element method was used to simulate the tensile process of sintered powder material. By setting a number of voids in the analyzed metal cuboid, the initial density was taken into consideration. The material properties of the three dimensional solid for the tensile simulation were defined with reference to the known pure iron material parameters. The load displacement curves during elongation were obtained with a universal testing machine, and then the simulated curves were compared with the experimental results. The factors that cause the stress concentration and strength decrease were analyzed according to the simulated equivalent von Mises stress distribution.

地热系统钙华和硅华定年方法研究进展及其应用

地热系统泉华以钙华和硅华为主,因其携带丰富的多时空尺度信息,可用于恢复古水文古气候演化史、重建区域水热活动演化过程及约束构造模式。对样品精准定年是开展相关研究的基础,常用定年方法包括放射性碳定年法(无机碳和有机碳)、铀系不平衡法、宇宙成因核素法、光释光法和电子自旋共振法等。我国热泉泉华定年最早使用放射性碳定年法,随后多使用电子自旋共振法与铀系不平衡测年法。系统总结了上述方法的基本原理、定年范围、适用条件、对样品的要求等,并探讨存在问题及未来发展方向。对于钙华样品,如纯度高,无外源碳影响,可采用基于有机碳的放射性碳定年法和铀系不平衡法;如固结程度高,也可使用电子自旋共振测年法;古地磁法值得今后深入探索。对于硅华样品,基于有机碳的放射性碳定年法和电子自旋共振测年法更适用,而铀系不平衡法和古地磁法可以尝试。此外,^(10)Be和^(26)Al等宇宙成因核素也可用于古泉华的定年。样品纯度低或数据校正困难以及定年范围有限是目前钙华和硅华常用定年方法存在的两个主要问题;前者可考虑利用离子探针技术对微观尺度上的高纯度方解石中U和Th的同位素进行测定来获取样品年龄;为避免微量样品代表性问题,应尽量获得均匀分布的多个测点数据。后者则可以通过尝试利用长半衰期宇宙成因核素来获得百万年尺度上的泉华年龄。新技术研究以及定量化校正样品纯度不够的影响是未来发展方向。

基于离散元法的磁性磨粒干压成型工艺参数优化

为探究磁性磨粒坯体压制阶段的各工艺参数对其成型质量的影响,优化磁性磨粒的烧结法制备参数,制备出质量优良的磁性磨粒,以铁基氧化铝磁性磨粒为研究对象,建立磁性磨粒干压成型的离散元模型。通过改变压制力、压制方式、摩擦系数、模具高径比等工艺参数,探究其对磁性磨粒坯体成型质量的影响,并实现压制过程中工艺参数的优化。结果表明:压制力越大,坯体孔隙率越小,但压制力过大,坯体外表面产生裂痕,影响坯体表面形貌的完整性,故宜选择75~125 MPa的压制力;双向压制得到的坯体密度更均匀、力学性能更好;模具的高径比越大,坯体的孔隙率相对较大,坯体的轴向应力相对较小;磨料颗粒间摩擦系数及侧壁与磨料颗粒之间的摩擦系数越小,坯体的孔隙率越小、致密度越好,坯体的均匀性也越好。在磁性磨粒混合阶段加入适量润滑液,可适当减小磨料颗粒间及颗粒与模具侧壁间的摩擦系数,进而提高磨粒坯体质量。

烧成温度对钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构与性能的影响

本工作以矾土水泥与黏土为原料,采用发泡法制备了钙长石隔热耐火材料,通过XRD、SEM和导热仪等分析了烧成温度(1110~1310℃)对钙长石隔热耐火材料显微结构与性能的影响,并研究了该种钙长石隔热耐火材料的合成机理。结果表明:当烧成温度为1110~1160℃时,体系内开始生成钙长石,但原料微颗粒间的反应并不完全,生成的液相含量较少,强度较低;当烧成温度为1210~1260℃时,液相含量增多,钙长石的生成速度加快,强度增大,试样具有较低导热系数;当烧成温度为1310℃时,液相含量迅速增多,线收缩率迅速增大,试样具有较大强度,但体积密度大幅增长,气孔率降低。在1260℃时,制得了体积密度为0.53 g/cm^(3)、气孔率为82.6%、抗折强度为1.15 MPa、耐压强度为1.99 MPa、800℃导热系数为0.101 W/(m·K)的钙长石隔热耐火材料。

高钙铁尾矿对多孔陶瓷烧结温度和性能的影响

为促进矿业固废铁尾矿的高值化利用,以高钙铁尾矿作为主要原料,高岭土为黏结剂,石英作为骨料,碳化硅为发泡剂,采用“注浆成型-直接发泡法”制备高孔隙率铁尾矿多孔陶瓷,并通过测试多孔陶瓷孔隙率、孔径分布、体积密度和抗压强度,研究铁尾矿用量对多孔陶瓷烧结温度及性能结构的影响。结果表明,高钙铁尾矿可作为助熔剂使用,在原料配比为40%铁尾矿,20%高岭土、40%石英,外加0.3%碳化硅,烧结温度在1160~1170℃的条件下所制备的多孔陶瓷各项性能最优,其体积密度密度为0.38~0.46 g/cm^(3),气孔率高达80.84%~83.5%,平均孔径为0.33~0.88 mm,抗压强度为1.95~3.28 MPa。微观分析表明,铁尾矿内的方解石高温下分解产生的CaO可以与原料中的SiO_(2)反应生成钙长石,并大幅度降低材料的烧结温度和液相黏度,同时铁尾矿中的方解石和Fe_(2)O_(3)可以促进气泡的增长,有利于进一步提高气孔率。

K掺杂的SrSiO_(3-δ)基电解质材料的制备与性能研究

采用固相法制备了固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)电解质材料Sr_(1-x)K_(x)SiO_(3-δ)(x=0.00、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.35)。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、交流阻抗等对试样进行表征分析。结果表明:用固相法经950℃煅烧所得粉体呈立方钙钛矿结构。Sr_(1-x)K_(x)SiO_(3-δ)的烧结活性较好,在1200℃烧结的电解质陶瓷相对密度均大于98%,平均晶粒尺寸为7~15μm;中温条件下该系列电解质材料的离子电导率较高、电导活化能较低。其中800℃时Sr_(0.90)K_(0.10)SiO_(2).95的离子电导率最高(8.66×10^(-2)S/cm),电导活化能最低(1.27 eV)。

Properties and microstructure of oxide dispersion strengthened tungsten alloy prepared by liquid-phase method:a review

The addition of the second phase into tungsten can significantly refine the grain size of tungsten alloys,and also play a role in dispersion strengthening,thus improving the properties of tungsten alloy.As a preparation method of tungsten alloy powder,liquid-phase method avoids the disadvantage of mechanical alloying,and the obtained powder composition is accurate and controllable,with high purity and excellent uniformity.At present,the second phase particles used for dispersion strengthening tungsten alloys are mainly composed of oxides.Oxide particles can be synthesized and precipitated in nitrate solution through in situ chemical reaction,and are uniformly distributed in composite powder by mixing and stirring.Finally,the oxide dispersion strengthened tungsten alloy(ODS-W)was obtained by reduction and sintering.Liquid-phase methods for preparing ODS-W alloys include azeotropic distillation,sol-gel methods,freeze-drying,hydrothermal synthesis,spray-drying,etc.In this paper,several liquid-phase methods for preparing tungsten alloy composite powder precursors are reviewed,and their latest research progresses are discussed.In addition,the morphologies and properties of tungsten alloys prepared by different methods are compared,which provides guidance for preparing high-performance tungsten alloys.

烧结法制备Al-Ti-B中间合金粉体

采用TiO_(2)粉、CaO、Al粉和B_(2)O_(3)为原料,经混匀、压片、烧结后,制备出了Al-Ti-B中间合金粉末。利用XRD、SEM-EDS、XPS等表征手段,对烧结产物的物相组成、微观形貌和原子价态进行分析。结果表明,在钙铝比1.6、钛硼比5、1485℃烧结20 min的条件下,烧结产物的主要物相为Al_(3)Ti、TiB_(2)、Al、CaAl_(4)O_(7)和CaAl_(2)O_(4);烧结产物中Al_(3)Ti呈块状,TiB_(2)呈小颗粒状,两者均匀分布在铝基体中;TiO_(2)在反应中存在逐级还原的现象。烧结法可以制备出Al-Ti-B中间合金粉体。

Al-Mg共掺杂钴酸锂的合成及其电化学性能研究

钴酸锂(LCO)作为锂电池正极材料,在电子产品领域有非常广泛的应用,但由于高电压下会导致其晶相的不可逆相变从而导致循环稳定性降低,因此如何提高钴酸锂在高电压下的电化学稳定性一直是研究热点。为了改善钴酸锂的电化学稳定性,采用固相球磨-烧结法合成了Al-Mg共掺杂的LCO材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)及电化学性能测试表征晶体结构、形貌和测量其循环稳定性。结果表明:Mg、Al进入钴酸锂晶格内部后有效地提高了其电化学稳定性,当Al掺杂量为0.1%,Mg掺杂量为1%时,在0.5C的倍率,3~4.5V的电压下,首圈放电比容量可达136.7mAh/g,100圈后的容量保持率可达76.2%,同时也表现出了良好的倍率性能。