A novel technique of producing azimuthal index 1>1 doughnut beam of good quality by use of multi-liquid crystal cells is presented, it has the advantages of high conversion efficiency and flexibility.
Spiral spin liquids are unique classical spin liquids that occur in many frustrated spin systems,but do not comprise a new phase of matter.Owing to extensive classical ground-state degeneracy,the spins in a spiral spi...Spiral spin liquids are unique classical spin liquids that occur in many frustrated spin systems,but do not comprise a new phase of matter.Owing to extensive classical ground-state degeneracy,the spins in a spiral spin liquid thermally fluctuate cooperatively from a collection of spiral configurations at low temperatures.These spiral propagation wavevectors form a continuous manifold in reciprocal space,i.e.,a spiral contour or a spiral surface,that strongly governs the low-temperature thermal fluctuations and magnetic physics.In this paper,the relevant spin models conveying the spiral spin liquid physics are systematically explored and the geometric origin of the spiral manifold is clarified in the model construction.The spiral spin liquids based on the dimension and the codimension of the spiral manifold are further clarified.For each class,the physical properties are studied both generally and for specific examples.The results are relevant to a wide range of frustrated magnets.A survey of materials is given and future experiments are suggested.展开更多
文摘A novel technique of producing azimuthal index 1>1 doughnut beam of good quality by use of multi-liquid crystal cells is presented, it has the advantages of high conversion efficiency and flexibility.
基金This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Grant Nos.2018YFE0103200,2016YFA0300500,and 2016YFA0301001)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2019SHZDZX04)the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong with General Research Fund(Grant No.17306520).
文摘Spiral spin liquids are unique classical spin liquids that occur in many frustrated spin systems,but do not comprise a new phase of matter.Owing to extensive classical ground-state degeneracy,the spins in a spiral spin liquid thermally fluctuate cooperatively from a collection of spiral configurations at low temperatures.These spiral propagation wavevectors form a continuous manifold in reciprocal space,i.e.,a spiral contour or a spiral surface,that strongly governs the low-temperature thermal fluctuations and magnetic physics.In this paper,the relevant spin models conveying the spiral spin liquid physics are systematically explored and the geometric origin of the spiral manifold is clarified in the model construction.The spiral spin liquids based on the dimension and the codimension of the spiral manifold are further clarified.For each class,the physical properties are studied both generally and for specific examples.The results are relevant to a wide range of frustrated magnets.A survey of materials is given and future experiments are suggested.
