Research on the Classification of Western Literary Criticism Under M. H. Abrams’Fourfold Model

This study explores the application of Abrams’Fourfold Model in the classification of Western literary criticism.Abrams’framework categorizes literary criticism into four fundamental elements:text,author,world,and audience.The text is viewed as an independent entity with intrinsic artistic value,necessitating a detailed analysis of its structure,style,themes,and symbols.Author study delves into the creator’s life and socio-cultural context,often to uncover the work’s deeper meanings.Contextual study situates the work within its historical and social milieu,examining its reflection of or response to societal norms and events.Audience response analysis considers the diverse interpretations shaped by readers’backgrounds,emphasizing the reader’s role in constructing the work’s meaning.The study concludes that Abrams’Fourfold Model offers a comprehensive and flexible analytical tool,enabling critics to engage with literary works from multiple perspectives,thereby enriching the understanding of literary complexity and diversity.

On Ethical Literary Criticism and Game Theory--An Interview with Professor Nie Zhenzhao

In 2014,Huang Kaihong,a professor at School of Foreign Languages and Cultures,Southwest University of Science and Technology,interviewed the Doctoral advisor Professor Nie Zhenzhao during the period of his academic visiting to Central China Normal University.As early as in 2005,Huang Kaihong conducted an interview with Professor Nie Zhenzhao on the topic of the general introduction of ethical literary criticism.So around 11 years later,the second interview mainly covers not only the ethical literary criticism theory,but the game theory and the relationship between them as well.Professor Nie thinks whether the game theory can be applied to literature research is still under discussion.The theory of ethical literary criticism is a kind of methodology based on science and it can get the attention of literary critics at home and abroad,which is because it fits the practical needs of literary criticism,draws the literary criticism away from only emphasizing criticism genres and the research of criticism terms,and pays attention to the true nature of the literary text in literature research.After consulting Professor Nie Zhenzhao about some related questions from the perspective of game theory.Huang Kaihong gets some significant information concerning literature research and understands the latest core terms and the concrete application method of ethical literary criticism,especially the relationship between the instructing and aesthetic functions of literature.

On the Ethical Dimensions of Literary Criticism in the Realm of We Media

In the realm of We Media,literary criticism is not completely free and unrestricted during its continuous production process;instead,it should adhere to certain ethical norms.The ethical dimensions of literary criticism in We Media focus on fostering a fair relationship between criticism activities and text,society,and the audience in order to facilitate healthy and orderly criticism that yields positive outcomes.The ethics of literary criticism in We Media can be categorized into aesthetic ethics,cultural ethics,political ethics,and media ethics within its internal structure,all of which ultimately converge into the realm of art production ethics.It is important to embrace a consciousness of intersubjectivity and adopt a cognitive approach of situationism in order to avoid blind restrictions and misjudgments in order to foster a positive and healthy ecosystem for literary criticism in We Media.Additionally,it is crucial to adhere to bottom-line thinking and emphasize responsibility,taste,and discipline while regulating the field of criticism,the audience,and critical text.

Reading of The Guiltless from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism

The Guiltless is Hermann Broch’s last novel,and it is also a work that embodies Broch’s literary and artistic view.The novel takes place in a period of social and historical change,and the conflict between the old and the new ethical relations leads to the confusion of the ethical relations,which causes the relationship between the characters to become distorted.This paper tries to analyze the relationship between Baroness W and her family from the perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism in aspects of ethical environment,ethical selection and ethical identity.It reveals that in the period of social and historical change,in the environment of social ethics disorder,the distorted ethical selection of characters and the loss of ethical identity.Hermann Broch attempts to arouse readers’ethical reflection by depicting such an era and such characters.

Philosophy, Feminist Literary Criticism and ＂The Difference＂

This paper discusses the present-day philosophical rupture away from identitarian thinking, and how the former has influenced the world of the feminist literary criticism of today. Herein, we embark on a journey from its awakenings back in the 1960s. We begin our quest with Kate Millett, we will continue our discussion with Irigaray, Cixous, or Kristeva and their analysis of the difference created by gender. And, we will reflect on the influence it has made to the American movement. We use the aforementioned as the lead towards the theory of deconstruction in authors such as Felman or Spivak, and how we reach the concept of performativity of gender in line with Butler and the queer theory.

Reading the Iraqi War Narrative Sand Queen from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism

An US woman soldier and an Iraqi medical student were given a voice to their feelings in Helen Benedict’s Iraqi war Narrative Sand Queen.It was the first time war stories had been told by two women from different nations.Character-narrator Kate Brady,a female American soldier,tells the story about how she tried to be an independent woman respected in American society by the way of being a female soldier,but failed in the end.The thesis focuses on Kate’s narration and analyzes her ethical choices from the perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism.By probing into the ethical situation Kate faces,and exploring the ethical conflicts among rational will and natural will on Kate,this thesis attempts to reveal what led to Kate’s ethical choices and caused her ethical confusion,and more importantly,what made her dreams shatter.

A New Way to Look into Literature——Comment on Structuralist Literary Criticism

What is structruralism?Is it a school or a movement?Many critics agreethat structruralism is,in a broad sense,a revolution in the human thinkingprocess.Structuralism is,as Barthe,properly defined in,the activity of re-defining all the cultural phenomena,an activity grounded in the belief th-at like language,a myth,wrestling match,system of tribal kinship orrestaurant menu is a system of signs,In this connection,structuralism ismuch concerned with and influenced by the modern schools of linguisticsespecially by the structural linguistics originated by Sausure.

How Is Tech Criticism Possible?On the Significance of Digital Technology as a Paradigm of Literary Criticism

Technology is one of the basic dimensions of literary criticism,but it is often ignored for multiple reasons.As digital technology intervenes in literary production,literary criticism is being approached through the technological dimension.Technology-Based literary criticism now transcends linguistic centrism,using digital technology as a means and method of literary criticism,and bringing technology to the center stage of literary criticism.Technology-Based literary criticism,which features an intersection of interpretive and empirical perspectives,triggers multiple transmutations of the subjects of literary criticism,and also enriches the connotations of literary texts.Tech criticism came from,and has evolved with the changes of literary criticism in the productive forces and the relations of production,which are driven by digital technology.What digital technology has opened up for literary criticism is a comprehensive field,where literary criticism is in a transboundary dynamic of "relational production." Therefore,we need to develop a sense of relation and a sense of systems to better interpret present-day literary criticism.

The Latest Development of Ethical Literary Criticism in the World

The series A Study on Ethical Literary Criticism exhibits key achievements in the major program of national social sciences by scholars headed by Professor Nie Zhenzhao,who are devoted to the research of foreign literatures,studies in philosophy and social sciences,and interdisciplinary study of world literature,who dedicated themselves to the construction of the ethical literary critical theory and methodology with the application of ethical literary criticism in practice.This series organically combine the generality of ethical literary criticism with the individuality of specific writers and combine the theoretical guidance with realistic practicality in academic research,which will be conducive to the development of world literary criticism and region and country-specific studies in the new era.

Innovative Teaching Research on Literary Theory and Criticism

As a core compulsory course for English majors majoring in teacher education,Literary Theory and Criticism plays an important role in enhancing text understanding,cultivating critical thinking,and shaping correct values in the future development of students.Influenced by traditional teaching ideas,students have many difficulties when learning this course,such as insufficient theoretical understanding,inadequate ability improvement,and not enough investment in course learning.In response to the above issues,this course focuses closely on the fundamental task of“cultivating virtue and nurturing people”,relying on modern information technology and introducing research methods of digital humanities.This course uses“7C”teaching mode under the“three-level integration”,in which“teaching”and“education”are carried out synchronously,and“teacher”and“student”are developed together,in order to greatly enhance students’learning participation and course satisfaction.

Identification of Issues Concerning Contemporary Western Literary Criticism:With Concurrent Reflections on the Reconstruction of Chinese Literary Criticism

While fully affirming the positive influence that contemporary Western literary criticism has exerted on the construction of Chinese literary criticism, it is necessary to exercise discrimination with regard to contemporary Western literary criticism itself, to review its effectiveness when applied to Chinese literary practice, and finally to consider the reconstruction of Chinese literary criticism. Contemporary Western literary criticism has the following major limitations： it is detached from literary practice, interpreting both literary texts and literary experience in the light of the ready-made theories of other disciplines and generalizing them as universal literary rules; its criticism and even demolition of previous theories and methods mean that views with some reasonable elements are carried to extremes; and it uses a fixed one-size-fits-all model of scientism to expound particular texts. Contemporary Western literary criticism grows in the soil of Western culture, which differs from Chinese culture in terms of language, ethics and aesthetics; that determines the limitations of its theoretical application. The basic points for the construction of Chinese literary criticism are as follows： firstly, it should abandon its excessive reliance on foreign theories, and return to Chinese literary practice; secondly, it should uphold our national direction, return to theChinese context, and fully absorb the heritage of traditional Chinese literary criticism; and thirdly, it should understand and handle appropriately the relation between internal and external research and should build a research paradigm for the dialectical unity of the two.

Ji Hongzhen: The New Face of Literary Criticism

JI Hongzhen has been described as a critic with magnificent sweep and muscle in Chinese literary circles. She deserves the description. "We’re like small birds in this world and our lives are short," she said. "We should grasp the twinkling of life that belongs to us, catch something that is hard to catch with all of our wisdom and ability, and do something with all our might. It doesn’t matter even if we end up being

The Benign Interaction among Literary Creation, Criticism and Theory from the Perspective of Bottom Writing： Taking ＂Tu Ziqiang＇s Personal Sorrow＂ as an Example

The heated conversations about Fang Fang＇s ＂Tu Ziqiang＇s Personal Sorrow＂ among the author, readers and critics are a typical example of the bottom literature which emerged in the 1990s. Starting with the controversies aroused by the novella, this paper discusses the relationships among literary creation, criticism and theory in the bottom writing. The problem of the social bottom is not only an economic or political problem, but also such a complicated cultural problem that has attracted increasing attention in the field of human science. As it were, around the problem of the bottom class, a new public field integrating different kinds of writing forms and various theoretical materials is formed. The Benign interaction among literary creation, criticism and theory will both benefit to the overall development of literature and provide resources for the theoretical construction.

An Iconic Mapping of Linguistics Into Literary Criticism On the Linguistic Roots of Structuralist Literary Criticism

Peirce's concept of icon sheds light on the iconic mapping relationship between structural linguistics and structuralist literary criticism, and the failure of the latter.As a revolt against the traditional extrinsic approaches to literature, structuralist literary criticism flourished as an important literary movement in the 1950 s and 1960 s.However, its difficulties cannot be ignored.The failure of structuralist literary criticism can be found deeply rooted in structural linguistics.Guided by the spirit of iconic mapping and semiotic interdisciplinarity, the present paper makes an interdisciplinary investigation into the linguistic roots of structuralist literary criticism.First of all, it examines the concept of "a closed system," initially established by Ferdinand de Saussure in his Course in General Linguistics, which occupies a predominant position in sructuralist criticism.Secondly, it looks at how structuralist literary criticism borrows the principle of digging various levels of structures from structural linguistics; and thirdly, how the typical notion of relations in structural linguistics is also widely used in structuralist literary analysis.By probing into the linguistic roots of structuralist criticism, this paper aims to clarify the cause of the failure of structuralist criticism.

Stylistics and Literary Criticism

This paper argues that the fullest and most convincing analysis of literary texts is informed by bottom up stylistics.Stylistics is a way to begin to tackle the large issues literary texts raise but without jumping to premature or incomplete conclusions.It is also argued after Short(1996)and others that stylistics offers valuable apprenticeship and access to otherwise difficult areas of literary criticism for those new to the field.Stylistics and literary criticism are seen not as exclusive or necessarily contradictory approaches but rather as benefiting each other.Stylistics for example needs to be unafraid of the large and genuinely interesting questions as well as to read with more of a sense of the history of the texts it reads.At the same time literary critics need to avoid repetitive generalisations about gender,power and the rest.Examples of best practice in bringing literary criticism into dialogue with stylistics are offered from the work of Sotirova(2011) and Gavins(2012).

A Feminist Reading of Hemingway’s Works-“Cat in the Rain”as an Example

As a famous American writer,there have been many different opinions on whether Hemingway is a typical masculinist writer.Through a brief analysis of the feminist consciousness in Hemingway’s works and a detailed feminist interpretation of“Cat in the Rain”,this paper holds that it is unfair and biased to stereotype Hemingway as a typical masculinist writer since there is a very strong feminist consciousness in his early works.

Research on the Relationship between British and American Cultural Differences and American Literature Comment

The influence of cultural differences by race and treat people with an understanding of the work will be carried out from different angles, which leads to the same people for a work of literary criticism. Expand article on the impact of cultural differences between British and American English and American literary criticism on this topic research, by the characteristics of English and American Literature and American Literature and commentary of the corresponding description. It is to analyze the impact of cultural differences on the Anglo-American literary criticism, so that people understand the culture differences in the importance of the influence of the Anglo-American literary criticism.

Paulo Coelho The Author＇s Quest as Reader of the World

Paulo Coelho＇s novels call into question the nature of the literary text and the act of reading in a post-Einsteinian world. Amidst the debate over his popular writings （Albanese; Ndagano）, the discussion turns to whether Coelho continues a poetics of narrative developed by Jorge Luis Borges. This paper explores how Coelho＇s work may depart from a reading of Borges, yet goes beyond it into what Bakhtin established as ＂the Einsteinian universe applied to literary studies＂, as posited by Stone （2008）. Coelho＇s work is affected by hypertexts, new ways of connecting and perceiving subjectivities, and cross-cultural pilgrimages. A hermeneutic reading of his novel, The Zahir： A Novel of Obsession （2005b）, allows us to delve into the Coelhian the notion of the zahir as a tensional metaphor （Ricouer） of world-making （Valdes）. This underscores the postmodern assumption of the author as just another reader, albeit an ably active one. Through the courageous act of making his reading（s） transparent through writing, he invites other readers into the dialectical presumptions of his world.

Comparative Criticism beyond Eurocentrism:In Search of the Untranslatables of Literary Theory

While the study of world literature is often seen as escaping the boundaries of eurocentrism-albeit with the need for constant revision and self-critique-a truer overcoming would involve another sort of anthologization,namely,of world theory and criticism.World literature should go beyond being a reified collection of translated texts,to become an exploration and comparison of the different ways of thinking about literature and aesthetics in different parts of the world.Barbara Cassin's Vocabulaire Europeen des philosophies:Dictionnaire des intraduisibles provides a possible model in this regard.The untranslatability of critical terms from different traditions is generative of new meanings due to the repeated efforts to translate and to compare non-synonymous terms with each other.This essay examines the untranslatability and comparability of several different terms from Asian aesthetic traditions.