On Ethical Literary Criticism and Game Theory--An Interview with Professor Nie Zhenzhao

In 2014,Huang Kaihong,a professor at School of Foreign Languages and Cultures,Southwest University of Science and Technology,interviewed the Doctoral advisor Professor Nie Zhenzhao during the period of his academic visiting to Central China Normal University.As early as in 2005,Huang Kaihong conducted an interview with Professor Nie Zhenzhao on the topic of the general introduction of ethical literary criticism.So around 11 years later,the second interview mainly covers not only the ethical literary criticism theory,but the game theory and the relationship between them as well.Professor Nie thinks whether the game theory can be applied to literature research is still under discussion.The theory of ethical literary criticism is a kind of methodology based on science and it can get the attention of literary critics at home and abroad,which is because it fits the practical needs of literary criticism,draws the literary criticism away from only emphasizing criticism genres and the research of criticism terms,and pays attention to the true nature of the literary text in literature research.After consulting Professor Nie Zhenzhao about some related questions from the perspective of game theory.Huang Kaihong gets some significant information concerning literature research and understands the latest core terms and the concrete application method of ethical literary criticism,especially the relationship between the instructing and aesthetic functions of literature.

Ethical Literary Criticism and Overseas Promotion of Chinese Academics

As a new method of literary criticism raised by Chinese scholars,ethical literary criticism has created a theoretical system with Chinese characteristics and become the successful"going global"model of Chinese academics by standing on the Chinese context and adhering to the spirit of not forgetting the origin,absorbing the foreign,and facing the future through more than10 years of advocacy and practice.This paper analyzes and summarizes the inheritance,nationality,integration and innovation of the theory of literary ethical criticism on the basis of combing the development history of ethical literary criticism at home and abroad,and then analyzes four important reasons why ethical literary criticism can successfully represent the"going global"of Chinese academics.This paper also discusses the current situation,problems,solutions,trend and future of ethical literary criticism,and points out that ethical literary criticism provides model and reference for realizing the grand blueprint of the"going global"of Chinese academics.

On the Ethical Dimensions of Literary Criticism in the Realm of We Media

In the realm of We Media,literary criticism is not completely free and unrestricted during its continuous production process;instead,it should adhere to certain ethical norms.The ethical dimensions of literary criticism in We Media focus on fostering a fair relationship between criticism activities and text,society,and the audience in order to facilitate healthy and orderly criticism that yields positive outcomes.The ethics of literary criticism in We Media can be categorized into aesthetic ethics,cultural ethics,political ethics,and media ethics within its internal structure,all of which ultimately converge into the realm of art production ethics.It is important to embrace a consciousness of intersubjectivity and adopt a cognitive approach of situationism in order to avoid blind restrictions and misjudgments in order to foster a positive and healthy ecosystem for literary criticism in We Media.Additionally,it is crucial to adhere to bottom-line thinking and emphasize responsibility,taste,and discipline while regulating the field of criticism,the audience,and critical text.

Reading of The Guiltless from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism

The Guiltless is Hermann Broch’s last novel,and it is also a work that embodies Broch’s literary and artistic view.The novel takes place in a period of social and historical change,and the conflict between the old and the new ethical relations leads to the confusion of the ethical relations,which causes the relationship between the characters to become distorted.This paper tries to analyze the relationship between Baroness W and her family from the perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism in aspects of ethical environment,ethical selection and ethical identity.It reveals that in the period of social and historical change,in the environment of social ethics disorder,the distorted ethical selection of characters and the loss of ethical identity.Hermann Broch attempts to arouse readers’ethical reflection by depicting such an era and such characters.

Reading the Iraqi War Narrative Sand Queen from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism

An US woman soldier and an Iraqi medical student were given a voice to their feelings in Helen Benedict’s Iraqi war Narrative Sand Queen.It was the first time war stories had been told by two women from different nations.Character-narrator Kate Brady,a female American soldier,tells the story about how she tried to be an independent woman respected in American society by the way of being a female soldier,but failed in the end.The thesis focuses on Kate’s narration and analyzes her ethical choices from the perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism.By probing into the ethical situation Kate faces,and exploring the ethical conflicts among rational will and natural will on Kate,this thesis attempts to reveal what led to Kate’s ethical choices and caused her ethical confusion,and more importantly,what made her dreams shatter.

The Latest Development of Ethical Literary Criticism in the World

The series A Study on Ethical Literary Criticism exhibits key achievements in the major program of national social sciences by scholars headed by Professor Nie Zhenzhao,who are devoted to the research of foreign literatures,studies in philosophy and social sciences,and interdisciplinary study of world literature,who dedicated themselves to the construction of the ethical literary critical theory and methodology with the application of ethical literary criticism in practice.This series organically combine the generality of ethical literary criticism with the individuality of specific writers and combine the theoretical guidance with realistic practicality in academic research,which will be conducive to the development of world literary criticism and region and country-specific studies in the new era.

An Ethical Interpretation of Virginia Woolf's Mrs.Dalloway

As a stream-of-consciousness novelist,Woolf is usually seen as being far away from social and political reality.This thesis attempts to apply Ethical Literary Criticism to analyze by rereading the text in detail in order to explore the ethical thinking embodied in Woolf's Mrs.Dalloway,exploring those ethical connotations usually ignored by former critics and scholars.

On the Ethical Choices of The Winter of Our Discontent in Consumer Society

The Winter of Our Discontent is Steinbeck's last published novel, which received negative and positive criticism at homeand abroad. Persistent concern for ethics and morality as one of themes displayed by Steinbeck in The Winter of Our Discontent.Living in the 1950 s of America, Ethan's family were confronting a consumer society. By using the theory of literary ethical criti-cism, tracing back to ethical environment at that time, this essay aims to analyze the ethical questions that the Ethan's family facedand their ethical choices respectively.

Moll Flanders in the View of Ethics

Moll Flanders has been one of the greatest works in the 18 th century of English. It is valuable to reveal the reality and the status of women in that age. This paper uses the theory of ethical literary criticism to appreciate the story of Moll. It shows and explains the women's circumstance and her life experience in 17-18 th century by analyzing the writing technique, different characters. In this way, people can understand the reasons of the event and people's fates better. At last, the paper will advocate that morality is more willing to forgive the people who have contrition.

伦理困境中的伦理选择:《傩赐》的文学伦理学解读

2006年5月贵州作家王华的长篇小说《傩赐》在《当代》杂志上发表,小说讲述了一个发生在云贵高原上的爱情伦理悲剧故事。文章从文学伦理学的视角解读该小说,通过故事主人公爱情纠葛的主线,对小说人物面临伦理困境时做出的不同伦理选择进行深刻剖析,揭示导致人物命运悲剧的不可抗因素以及作品深处的伦理价值,窥视小说作者王华的伦理情怀,凸显作者对贵州农村伦理道德和伦理秩序的反思。

知识·情感·伦理:《克拉拉与太阳》中的文学绘图

《克拉拉与太阳》(2021)是石黑一雄的最新科幻小说,通过克拉拉第一人称叙事,以独特的机器人视角展现出她所知觉到的世界。借鉴美国“文学空间研究”领军学者罗伯特·塔利的“文学绘图”理论可以发现,整部小说就是克拉拉通过不断绘图来认识并融入人类世界的过程。首先,克拉拉通过对新空间的观察与“地图绘制”,建构空间整体性,从而获得人类世界知识。其次,克拉拉通过绘制自己所在的位置,建立与新空间的情感联系,并由此建构起自己的地方(角落和谷仓分别代表着她的世俗地方与神圣地方),其叙事的过程也完成了自己情感地图的绘制。最后,她通过绘制在不同空间中自己与其他主体的伦理关系为自己确定合适的伦理定位,并将相互独立的空间编织在一起,创造出一幅复杂流变的人-机伦理关系地图。克拉拉的绘图行为不仅是她的存在需要和策略,同时也展现了绘图的知识、情感和伦理维度。

叩问正义——文学伦理学批评视域下的《私刑者》

约翰·埃德加·怀德曼的小说《私刑者》中,四个黑人谋划对一白人警察实施公开私刑这一复仇计划贯穿始终。小说提出的问题之一是正义的多重内涵:对身处白人社会的美国黑人而言,伸张正义意味着什么?文章在文学伦理学批评视域下,借鉴亚里士多德的正义理论,从分配正义、矫正正义、普遍正义与特殊正义等层面探讨小说中正义的多重含义以及与之交织在一起的伦理问题,以揭示黑人种族追寻正义之道路与方式的复杂性。怀德曼通过小说引导读者去思考“正义”这一概念的多维性,体现出作家敏锐的问题前瞻性和强烈社会责任感。

文学伦理学批评的批评理路研究

文学伦理学批评按照历史分析先行、话语主导分析阐释、道德教诲功能价值结论的理路开展实际批评。历史分析先行,既包含现实的历史语境,也指涉文学作品中虚构出的历史语境;话语引导式分析阐释,能够使文学伦理学批评把握文学作品中与伦理相关的事件、情节和结构,并根据文学作品中的道德行为、道德现象总结出能够引起读者警戒、启发读者反思的道德案例,以此为依据阐发文学的道德教诲价值。不过,需要指出的是,一味强调复归历史的伦理环境和伦理语境,容易忽视文学对当今时代的价值启示,而话语引导式分析模式容易留给读者一种预设立场和强制阐释的印象,似乎其观点、结论早已在分析阐释前形成。若是局限在话语引导式分析模式,陷入话语和文本相互印证的窠臼,忽视了文学批评应有的价值评价,文学伦理学批评的效用就会大打折扣。

“房子”与“身份”——奈保尔《毕司沃斯先生的房子》

奈保尔的小说《毕司沃斯先生的房子》书写了主人公毕司沃斯终生追求“房子”的奇特现象。本文运用文学伦理学批评方法,探讨了小说中主人公毕司沃斯追求“房子”的原因,揭示了毕司沃斯追求“房子”与“身份”探寻之间的密切关系。本文认为,毕司沃斯试图通过获得房子来确立自己作为儿子、女婿、丈夫和父亲的伦理身份,从而实现他的存在价值和人生意义。在这一意义上,小说中通过揭示“房子”与“身份”的关系也展现了空间的伦理意义。通过对空间伦理的关注,本文强调了小说中的“房子”不仅仅是房子,它在本质的意义上具有“独立自主”“个人尊严”“人生成就”“责任与义务”的伦理价值。

《上帝之城》中“社会正义”的文学伦理学批评

用文学伦理学批评理论来解读《上帝之城》中教诲功能。文学伦理学批评认为审美只是为文学的教诲功能服务的,“教诲”才是文学的本质属性。《上帝之城》被广泛认为是中世纪政治理论的起源。通过文学伦理学批评的分析发现:关于社会正义、财富的分配,奥古斯丁通过该作品对于世人的教诲至今对西方社会生活的影响仍然巨大。

范式转换与方法革新:文学伦理学批评二十年

文学伦理学批评是中国特色哲学社会科学话语体系建设的重大创获,在文学研究领域具有范式转换与方法革新的重大意义。在范式上,文学伦理学批评重置了文学研究的基本问题域,对文学的起源、本质、功能与价值做出了别具新意的原创性解释,将从宏观角度全方位全过程把握文学活动的总体规律与从微观角度细致深入地研究具体文本的内在意蕴结合起来,融历史主义的研究理念、现实主义的伦理关怀和面向未来的发展指向于一体,连通了文学研究的本来、外来和未来。在方法上,文学伦理学批评立足扎实细致的文本分析,以客观科学的态度分析文本的伦理意蕴和伦理意蕴产生的原因及其实际效力,探查深埋于故事情节之中的伦理线和伦理结,分析人物伦理行为与伦理身份的互动关系,并在此基础上对人物命运做出具有伦理意味的阐释,促进了学术研究成果的推陈出新。在发展前景上,文学伦理学批评应与读者反应研究相结合,考察文本之于读者的伦理效力及读者在阅读接受中的实际所得,将对文本包含的伦理潜能的研究转变为读者受到的伦理教益的研究。文学伦理学批评既是研究方法又是价值范导,开放而有原则、包容而有底线,必将为建构具有当代性、世界性、民族性和中国特色的学术话语体系作出更大贡献。

《塔纳赫》“毁灭”叙事的文学伦理学研究

《塔纳赫》①中的大洪水灭世、降火所多玛和耶路撒冷倾覆都是典型的“毁灭”叙事,从文学伦理学批评的视角看,这些叙事是伦理性的,它们共同的“罪-罚-恩典”的叙事结构传递出鲜明的神学伦理主题,旨在对古代以色列民族进行基于律法的道德教诲和警戒。对两河流域相关神话的考察与比较表明,《塔纳赫》中的这些“毁灭”叙事在很大程度上借鉴并改造了前者,它们以一神论的视角消解了两河神话中多神的神谱体系,并引入了善恶的价值判断,从而构建了自身。这一构建促成了基于伦理特征的雅威②一神论及神人关系的确立,成为流放时期以色列群体支持和深化申命历史观的重要材料。

《淘气包埃米尔》中的伦理叙事与共同体想象

“童话外婆”阿斯特丽德·林格伦以笔下诞生诸多“顽童”形象而闻名,在创作中林格伦表现出对儿童社会性发展议题的关注。作为一部融入作家童年生活经验的小说,《淘气包埃米尔》以埃米尔在家庭庄园、乡村、教区等社会环境中的成长经历为主线,展现了儿童伦理意识的形成过程。与此同时,林格伦借由埃米尔所面临的一系列伦理选择困境,揭示了斯莫兰乡村社会中普遍存在的情理两难处境,进而通过彰显“另类儿童”的纯粹童心与现实社会的有效联结提出解决方案,试图追寻和重塑一种超越利益考量的伦理共同体。

《祖师问道录》与《弟子问道录》的文学思想性及其伦理道德影响研究

被誉为“佛学后弘期外来教育家及文学家”阿底峡所著《师弟问道录》(《祖师问道录》和《弟子问道录》的简称)是我国文献遗产中最具研究价值的文本之一。本文旨在详细探讨《师弟问道录》的文学思想性及其伦理道德影响。通过对比分析、文献研究、案例探讨等方法,认为这部作品用丰富的故事情节和人物塑造,生动地展示了师弟问道的精神与情感交流,强调了教育对于人格塑造和道德伦理观念形成的重要性,深刻地揭示了文学、教育、传承与伦理道德之间的紧密联系。作品中对于师弟关系的细腻描写以及对道义、仁慈等伦理道德观念的探讨,不仅具有文学和伦理道德领域的独特价值和深远影响,而且为读者提供一个全新的视角来理解这部作品。因此《师弟问道录》不仅是一部文学经典作品,而且其文学思想性和伦理道德影响都具有深远的研究价值。通过对这部作品的研究,可以深入了解其文学思想的形成背景、发展历程以及对于后世文学的影响。同时,通过探究其伦理道德观念的内涵及其对现代社会的启示,有助于提升人们的道德素养,促进社会和谐发展。通过对《师弟问道录》的深入分析,可以发现其文学思想性主要体现在对于人性的深刻洞察、对于社会现实的批判以及对人类命运的思考。作品中通过丰富的情节和人物形象,展现了人性的复杂和多样,对于人性的探讨深入且独到。同时,作品对社会现实进行了深刻的揭示和批判,反映了作者对于社会不公和人性扭曲的担忧。此外,作品还通过对于人类命运的思考,展现了作者对于人类未来的关注和思考。《师弟问道录》所蕴含的伦理道德观念对于现代社会具有重要的启示意义。作品中强调的道德修养、尊重生命、仁爱宽容等价值观在当今社会依然具有很强的现实意义。通过研究这部作品,可以引导人们反思自身的道德观念,提升道德素养,树立正确的价值观。同时,《师弟问道录》中所体现的伦理道德观念也有助于促进社会的和谐与进步。《师弟问道录》强调了自我认知、人际交往、人生价值、人生态度和人格塑造等重要因素,其对于我们塑造正确的认知和行为习惯都有着积极影响的价值。

《金锁记》中母子乱伦悲剧研究

伦理禁忌和其维系形成的伦理秩序,是人类文明发展进步的关键。一旦触犯伦理禁忌,就会受到伦理秩序的规训与惩罚。父权制是指在家庭之中由年长男性掌管权势的制度,强调男尊女卑,女性为男性服务。从文学伦理学批评角度重新解读《金锁记》,并借助精神分析,可以看到父权制下父亲的缺席一方面使得母亲将自身无法满足的性本能移置、投射向儿子,另一方面使得儿子伦理意识淡薄、无法形成“阉割焦虑”、克服俄狄浦斯情结,最终造成了母子乱伦悲剧的上演。