The Leisure Style of Men of Letters in the Late Ming Dynasty and Its Social Influence

This paper explored the background of the leisure boom among the literati in the late Ming Dynasty from the aspects of politics, economy, ideology and social environment, and elaborated the leisure styles of the literati in terms of enjoying a sightseeing tour, sampling wine and tea, appreciating and collecting calligraphy and painting works, favoring theatergoing, indulging in dallying with prostitutes, practicing meditation, and building gardens, and analyzed the influence of their leisure styles on the painting and calligraphy art, drama, literary creation, garden construction and other aspects of the society at that time. It is hoped that this paper can provide a deep understanding of social politics, economy, ideology and culture in the late Ming Dynasty and a reference for the development of the current leisure tourism.

Overview of the plague in the late Ming Dynasty and its prevention and control measures

The plague of the late Ming Dynasty(15511644 C.E.)was long lasting,affected a wide range of the population,and had serious consequences.The purpose of this study is to review the medical system in place at the time and the measures instituted to prevent and control the plague during the late Ming Dynasty.Information on the history of the Ming Dynasty(13681644 C.E.),local chronicles,and related research literature were consulted and analyzed in terms of duration,geographical area,and other dimensions of the epidemic.Because of the abnormal climate,wide range of natural disasters,and the impact of war,the epidemic spread over a wide area during the late Ming Dynasty.The government’s epidemic prevention measures were affected by war and other factors,resulting in poor control of the outbreak.However,in terms of the medical system in place during the Ming Dynasty,some of the thinking and methods of prevention and control of the plague were historical and progressive.Some outstanding physicians such as Wu Youke(15821652 C.E.)appeared during this period.His theory of plague prevention and control had a profound influence on the formation and development of pestilence deterrence in later generations.In the late Ming Dynasty,rich experiences and measures of prevention and control were accumulated in the struggle against the plague.These methods and experiences also have a significant,positive guiding influence on the prevention and control of plague in the present day.

Image Style of the Tianping Mountain Landscape in the Ming Dynasty

Starting from the Tianping Mountain theme painting in Suzhou in the Ming Dynasty, we explore how did the painters and literati in this period shape the image of the Tianping Mountain through their works, thereby reflecting their understanding on many landscapes on the Tianping Mountain. By exploring a series of paintings and poems, we try to analyze the characteristics and cultural connotation of landscape paintings of the Tianping Mountain in the Ming Dynasty, which is conducive to improving position of the Tianping Mountain natural and humanistic landscape in Suzhou.

Research and Discussion on the Stereotyped Writing Criticism Genre during Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

In this paper, we conduct research on the stereotyped writing criticism genre during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Eightpart essay writing is a comprehensive strong style, its four topics from the fi ve classics, and its basic form is gradually formed in the evolution of the core imperial examination in China. Review especially on origin, teachers not only with the righteousness that try post poems strategy is so far producing precious examination style also with basic prose. Although some scholars also mentioned as this period literature genre that presents regional features mainly by the local cultural history environment, family relations, economic basis and other factors, but ignores the literature community in the form of the regional literature genre has played important role in the general process. Under this basis, this paper proposes the novel ideals on the corresponding issues that will help understand and analyzes the characteristics of stereotyped writing more.

Current-event Play and Circulation of Information in late Ming China

This essay examines current-event plays( shishiju 时事剧) and their social functions in late Ming China. Drawing on awide range or primary sources and built on secondary scholarship on information history,the essay offered a complete picture of the booming,features,social functions and the decline of the current-event plays. The essay argues that many current-event plays addressed on credibility,timeliness and easy accessibility,which enabled current-event plays to play an important role in information circulation. This essay further exposes the current-event plays not only opened a forum for public discussion but also influenced public opinions greatly from literate elites to the masses in Ming China. Through analyzing current-event plays in the context of Ming society,this essay expands the realm of studying information history.

明遗民集序书写的纪传与想象

别集序在文体初创时期,就已经确立了传记写作的传统。明末清初的遗民通过诗文来回应国家和自我身份认同等问题。这种回应体现在别集序的书写中,使其中的纪传部分更加注重真实性的表达。然而,由于别集序的主观创作空间较大,真实与想象的成分在遗民的别集序中交织在一起,这无疑影响了通过“知人论世”的传统批评方法所得批评主张的有效性。此外,集序作者往往通过个人经历的想象和性情的投射来塑造遗民的形象。这种塑造可能源于作者真实情感的流露,也可能出于对经典文本的模仿。因此,遗民集序中的人物形象可能与他们的历史行为存在差异,这进一步影响了集序所传达的文学批评要素的接受和传播。

明代山左底层文人的日常书写与晚年心态解析——以王克笃的散曲集《适暮稿》为考察对象

通过对王克笃散曲集《适暮稿》中日常生活书写的细读与研究,分析了他自足、自适、清高、自遣、淑世、喟世、哀穷的复杂心态,认为这些心态的产生与其生活环境、身份地位、年龄时段、个体性情、治生观念有着疏密不同的关系。

交往的情趣:元末明初江南诗人的风雅之好

元末明初诗歌创作呈现丰富、多面的色彩,江南诗人的题画唱和即为其中之一。在社会乱离背景下,江南诗人以题画表达时代之思、离别之情和隐逸之趣,体现出不同一般题画诗的创作趣味和文化内涵。他们以题画送别、交往唱和、共赏题诗等方式,共同促成了这一时期江南诗坛的兴盛景象。元末明初江南诗人在文学交往过程中展现的风雅之好,是构成该时期诗歌创作景观的重要面向。今人建构元末明初诗史图像,江南诗人的题画唱和之作应进入关注视野。

书院讲学与晚明理学传播——以“东林书院网络”为中心的考察

晚明是理学传播较活跃的时期,书院是理学传播的重要场域之一。晚明书院学人秉承修正儒脉的立说宗旨,思考理学传播中淑世精神的传递,通过讲会、结社等方式在书院或书院之外弘扬己说,构建传播网络,形成了以东林书院为代表的多个波及全国、影响社会深层结构的学派群体,对晚明清初学统构建和学术传承起到了重要作用。

元明之际浙东文人的文学史观与复古旨归

元明之际,浙东文人的文学复古与立身志意融合统一。首先,浙东文人以体、法浑融的三代之文为起点,建构起宗经、尊古而审时的文学史观,“文”的历时叙述与“时”的现实关切紧密结合。其次,浙东文人聚焦古律之变,提倡诗歌音调的尚古。尊尚古体诗的创作风气与讲求协和音调、反对诗歌律化的理论旨趣相辅相成,寄寓了浙东文人的政治理想。再次,浙东文人的立身志意与文学正变观念相互交织,君子之志彰显文学师古的主体价值,形成“人”与“文”的精神同构。最后,“流而为文人”、正变诗风、复古气象等论说,关涉明代文学复古路径的意、辞分衍。元明之际,浙东文人的文学复古与明中后期转向审美化、精细化的文学复古存在显著差异。

中晚明诸名家文学创作工夫论概述

中晚明文学工夫论或承于传统的文学艺术工夫论,或根于朱熹格物致知之工夫论,或鉴于王学致良知的工夫论,或源于禅宗明心见性的工夫论,或合孟子的“知言”“养气”工夫为一体。如李东阳、王世贞、胡应麟、许学夷等人的文体工夫论重视学养、强调对文体规范、篇章字句之法的掌握;唐顺之、李贽、袁宏道等人的文学创作主体工夫论指向心性的修炼、知识的效用,主体精神的大解脱;王阳明倡导在心性本体上下工夫,至刘宗周、黄宗羲等则主张以工夫作为“存养”身心锻炼的本体。这亦势必影响其文学创作观念。充分认识中晚明诸名家文学创作工夫论的价值,对重新建构与阐释明代文学批评体系具有重要的理论意义。

晚明园林美学的生活范式转向与政治重构

晚明园林美学在总体规划和空间布置上转向注重实用功能和满足享乐欲望的生活范式。结合阳明心学取代程朱理学主宰地位的思想史视野,晚明园林美学的范式在心—物关系上表现为顺应和直接性的关系,同时将物欲和感官纳入了道体的范围,逾越阳明心学设想的日用转向的限度。在身—道的关系中,欲望和日常性分别成为道体所容纳的新内容和新场域,由此道统在治统关涉的范围之外创构独立于“得君行道”模式的生活空间。园林美学创构的生活空间,是一个治统缺位的自治性场域,以间接的方式削弱皇权的符号威望和影响力,这是一种弱势的审美政治批判。

明末至晚清传统书目与新学书目对西学的认知及差异

明末至晚清,受时代变迁和学术变化的影响,出现了传统书目与新学书目两种目录学著作。两种书目对西书均有著录,并通过提要等方式评判西书,尤其重视对科技类、宗教类和史地类西书的讨论,体现出不同的价值取向。它们对科技类西书都较为赞赏,但传统书目多注重其实用性,新学书目更注重其科学性;对宗教类西书的评述都有否定之词,但传统书目多措辞激烈,新学书目则更为理性。和传统书目相比,新学书目更加重视史地、政法类西书的著录,其评语多涉及对国家、民族问题的思考,体现出一种世界眼光。传统书目作为专制文化与学术体系下的产物,多在实用价值层面上肯定西书,新学书目则将自身的政治诉求贯穿于西书评述之中,有着不同于传统书目的时代价值。

和抄本《园冶》图式与明末版画中的园林建筑——基于循证设计视角的个案研究

本文从循证设计研究的视角出发,将和抄本《园冶》图式与明末版画中的园林建筑进行个案式一一比对研究,并明确提出《园冶》中的图式(即具有范式意义的“设计图样”)是指计成在其造园时所绘制的“施工详图”,经过系统整理和逻辑汇编而形成,具有极强的实践指导性。同时,将明末郑元勋的《影园自记》与《园冶》图式进行“文图互证”,旨在将同一时期的建造说明与建造图纸进行比对,并将《影园自记》视作中国古代园林建筑“小木作”营造的技艺文献。通过验证与比对的研究路径,以呼应阚铎所提及的从“园冶图式”到“建筑图像”的循证设计研究方法。

被身份重构的晚明士人:主体觉醒与美学转向

在晚明,身处动荡与危机中的士人群体已然开始摆脱时代政治伦理结构及其空间的束缚,致力于营构主体化美学生活。在政治变动与经济发展的双重影响下,晚明士人在文化、艺术、工艺等领域促进了新观念、新学术、新思潮的不断发展,最终催生了晚明士人主体美学意识的深度觉醒,形成了全新多元的、生活化的主体美学新转向。

秩序重建:元末明初徽州防卫力量的变动

元末明初,徽州防卫力量经历了从宗族义兵到卫所军的变动。在此过程中,徽州义兵先被收编,继而被改造为卫所军;本地兵员被大量外调,外籍兵员调入补充。同时,朱元璋集团凭借不断聚集的政治军事资源,强化对徽州地方的控制,从而使双方由最初的合作关系转变为中央对地方的管辖关系。在朱元璋集团“化家为国”过程中,徽州防卫力量从“本地化”的宗族武装被改造为“国家化”的卫所军队,体现了中央集权的重构;徽州地方势力从防卫力量的主导者重归于公共事务的参与者,则体现了新旧政权交替后地方秩序的重建。

废科举前后翰林文人群体的自救活动与知识转型

清末十年,长久以来地位尊崇的翰林文人群体,受到新政持续冲击,面临“政”“学”双重危机。如何调适因应,找到新定位,实现转型,成为一大难题。为此,编纂新书、办讲习馆,皆是翰林文人群体持续不断的尝试和努力,可以视为他们的“自救活动”。这些自救活动既往所知有限,现可通过深度解读翰林文人群体的文集、日记而揭示出来。这既反映了新政时期安置旧人的复杂较量,也展示了政治和文化格局剧变时代,旧精英群体寻找新定位和知识转型的艰难历程。

晚明世家子弟型隐逸茶人的茶文化活动——以江西铅山费元禄为例

在晚明茶人群体中,世家子弟以其家资优厚、生活有闲、交游广泛、文化素养较高、社会资源丰富而尤其活跃。江西铅山费元禄出身科举世家,一生不仕,优游林下,终身嗜茶,堪称晚明世家子弟型隐逸茶人的代表。他坐拥名园,构建起饮茶生活的空间;品茶鉴水,作为茶文化活动的日常;在此基础上,体物写志,创作了大量诗文,使其茶文化实践得到艺术和理论的升华。

晚明吴江叶氏家族闺秀词人的交游唱和与“群体书写”

晚明时期江南地区女性词人以群体化方式涌现,出现了以家族为载体的闺秀词人群体。叶氏家族闺秀词人群以沈宜修及其三女为核心,与叶氏家族、沈氏家族成员酬唱不断,其词作有近似的题材、高频率使用的典型意象,兼具“林下风”和“闺秀气”的艺术气质;叶氏家族闺秀词人在追忆与唱和中建构梦幻的艺术世界,典型地体现了晚明女性词人由“个体书写”到“群体书写”的转变。以交游唱和为视角,挖掘闺秀词人的心灵世界,有助于进一步深入理解晚明女性词人群体书写的特点及其词史意义。