Since lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been substantially researched in recent years, they now possess exceptional energy and power densities, making them the most suited energy storage technology for use in developed...Since lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been substantially researched in recent years, they now possess exceptional energy and power densities, making them the most suited energy storage technology for use in developed and developing industries like stationary storage and electric cars, etc. Concerns about the cost and availability of lithium have prompted research into alternatives, such as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs), which use sodium instead of lithium as the charge carrier. This is especially relevant for stationary applications, where the size and weight of battery are less important. The working efficiency and capacity of these batteries are mainly dependent on the anode, cathode, and electrolyte. The anode,which is one of these components, is by far the most important part of the rechargeable battery.Because of its characteristics and its structure, the anode has a tremendous impact on the overall performance of the battery as a whole. Keeping the above in view, in this review we critically reviewed the different types of anodes and their performances studied to date in LIBs and SIBs. The review article is divided into three main sections, namely:(i) intercalation reaction-based anode materials;(ii) alloying reaction-based anode materials;and(iii) conversion reaction-based anode materials, which are further classified into a number of subsections based on the type of material used. In each main section, we have discussed the merits and challenges faced by their particular system. Afterward, a brief summary of the review has been discussed. Finally, the road ahead for better application of Li/Na-ion batteries is discussed, which seems to mainly depend on exploring the innovative materials as anode and on the inoperando characterization of the existing materials for making them more capable in terms of application in rechargeable batteries.展开更多
Metal oxide anode material is one of promising candidates for the next-generation LIBs, due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. The poor conductivity and huge volume change during charge/ discharge, however...Metal oxide anode material is one of promising candidates for the next-generation LIBs, due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. The poor conductivity and huge volume change during charge/ discharge, however, restrict the commercialization of metal oxide anode material. In this work, we design a novel Cu-SnO2 composite derived from Cu6Sn5 alloy with three dimensional （3D） metal cluster conducting architecture. The novel Cu structure penetrates in the composite particles inducing high conductivity and space-confined SnO2, which restrict the pulverization of SnO2 during lithiation/ delithiation process. The optimized Cu-SnO2 composite anode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 933.7 mA h/g and retains a capacity of 536.1 mA h/g after 200 cycles, at 25℃ and a rate of 100 mA/g. Even at the high rate of 300 mA/g, the anode still exhibits a capacity of more than 29% of that tested at 50 mA/g. Combining with the phase and morphology analysis, the novel Cu-SnO2 composite not only has good electrical conductivity, but also possesses high theoretical capacity （995 mAh/g）, which may pave a new way for the design and construction of next-generation metal oxide anode materials with high power and cycling stability.展开更多
Aromatic carbon coated tin composites（A/Sn） have been prepared by thermal decomposition of the stannous 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylate precursors,which is a reformative preparation method.Sugar carbon coated tin compo...Aromatic carbon coated tin composites（A/Sn） have been prepared by thermal decomposition of the stannous 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylate precursors,which is a reformative preparation method.Sugar carbon coated tin composites（S/Sn） also are prepared as a contrast with the A/Sn composites.The morphology and composition of the products were characterized by Scanning Electricity Microscopy（SEM） and X-Ray Diffraction（XRD）.Their electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries were investigated;the results indicated that these materials exhibited good performance,and the cycle stability of A/Sn composites is especially superior to the S/Sn composites due to its special carbon resource.展开更多
In the present work,an interconnected sandwich carbon/Si-SiO2/carbon nanospheres composite was prepared by template method and carbon thermal vapor deposition（TVD）.The carbon conductive layer can not only efficientl...In the present work,an interconnected sandwich carbon/Si-SiO2/carbon nanospheres composite was prepared by template method and carbon thermal vapor deposition（TVD）.The carbon conductive layer can not only efficiently improve the electronic conductivity of Si-based anode,but also play a key role in alleviating the negative effect from huge volume expansion over discharge/charge of Si-based anode.The resulting material delivered a reversible capacity of 1094 mAh/g,and exhibited excellent cycling stability.It kept a reversible capacity of 1050 mAh/g over 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 96%.展开更多
Lithium metal is regarded as the most promising anode material for next generation high energy density lithium batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and lowest potential versus standard hydrogen electrode.How...Lithium metal is regarded as the most promising anode material for next generation high energy density lithium batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and lowest potential versus standard hydrogen electrode.However,lithium dendrite growth and huge volume change during cycling hinder its practical application.It is of great importance to design advanced Li metal anodes to solve these problems.Herein,we report a ZnO-coated Zn foam as the host matrix to pre-store lithium through thermal infusing,achieving a Zn@ZnO foam supported Li composite electrode(LZO).Needlelike ZnO nanofibers grown on the Zn foam greatly increase the surface area and enhance the lithiophilicity of the Zn foam.In situ formed synaptic LiZn layer after lithium infusion can disperse local current density and lower Li diffusion barrier effectively,leading to homogeneous Li deposition behavior,thus suppressing dendrite formation.The porous Zn foam skeleton can accommodate volume variation of the electrode during longterm cycling.Benefiting from these merits,the LZO anode exhibits much better cycle stability and rate capability in both symmetrical and full cells with low voltage hysteresis than the bare Li anode.This work opens a new opportunity in designing high performance composite Li anode for lithium-metal batteries.展开更多
文摘Since lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) have been substantially researched in recent years, they now possess exceptional energy and power densities, making them the most suited energy storage technology for use in developed and developing industries like stationary storage and electric cars, etc. Concerns about the cost and availability of lithium have prompted research into alternatives, such as sodium-ion batteries(SIBs), which use sodium instead of lithium as the charge carrier. This is especially relevant for stationary applications, where the size and weight of battery are less important. The working efficiency and capacity of these batteries are mainly dependent on the anode, cathode, and electrolyte. The anode,which is one of these components, is by far the most important part of the rechargeable battery.Because of its characteristics and its structure, the anode has a tremendous impact on the overall performance of the battery as a whole. Keeping the above in view, in this review we critically reviewed the different types of anodes and their performances studied to date in LIBs and SIBs. The review article is divided into three main sections, namely:(i) intercalation reaction-based anode materials;(ii) alloying reaction-based anode materials;and(iii) conversion reaction-based anode materials, which are further classified into a number of subsections based on the type of material used. In each main section, we have discussed the merits and challenges faced by their particular system. Afterward, a brief summary of the review has been discussed. Finally, the road ahead for better application of Li/Na-ion batteries is discussed, which seems to mainly depend on exploring the innovative materials as anode and on the inoperando characterization of the existing materials for making them more capable in terms of application in rechargeable batteries.
基金financial supports for this research from the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (No. 16JCYBJC41700)Tianjin Major Program of New Materials Science and Technology (Nos. 16ZXCLGX00070, 16ZXCLGX00110)+2 种基金Tianjin Municipal Education Committee Scientific Research Projects (No. 2017KJ075)the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 21676200)Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education (Tianjin University)
文摘Metal oxide anode material is one of promising candidates for the next-generation LIBs, due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. The poor conductivity and huge volume change during charge/ discharge, however, restrict the commercialization of metal oxide anode material. In this work, we design a novel Cu-SnO2 composite derived from Cu6Sn5 alloy with three dimensional （3D） metal cluster conducting architecture. The novel Cu structure penetrates in the composite particles inducing high conductivity and space-confined SnO2, which restrict the pulverization of SnO2 during lithiation/ delithiation process. The optimized Cu-SnO2 composite anode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 933.7 mA h/g and retains a capacity of 536.1 mA h/g after 200 cycles, at 25℃ and a rate of 100 mA/g. Even at the high rate of 300 mA/g, the anode still exhibits a capacity of more than 29% of that tested at 50 mA/g. Combining with the phase and morphology analysis, the novel Cu-SnO2 composite not only has good electrical conductivity, but also possesses high theoretical capacity （995 mAh/g）, which may pave a new way for the design and construction of next-generation metal oxide anode materials with high power and cycling stability.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20771087)
文摘Aromatic carbon coated tin composites（A/Sn） have been prepared by thermal decomposition of the stannous 1,8-naphthalenedicarboxylate precursors,which is a reformative preparation method.Sugar carbon coated tin composites（S/Sn） also are prepared as a contrast with the A/Sn composites.The morphology and composition of the products were characterized by Scanning Electricity Microscopy（SEM） and X-Ray Diffraction（XRD）.Their electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries were investigated;the results indicated that these materials exhibited good performance,and the cycle stability of A/Sn composites is especially superior to the S/Sn composites due to its special carbon resource.
基金supported by the State Key Basic Research Program of PRC(2011CB935903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20925312)Shanghai Science Technology Committee(13JC1407900)
文摘In the present work,an interconnected sandwich carbon/Si-SiO2/carbon nanospheres composite was prepared by template method and carbon thermal vapor deposition（TVD）.The carbon conductive layer can not only efficiently improve the electronic conductivity of Si-based anode,but also play a key role in alleviating the negative effect from huge volume expansion over discharge/charge of Si-based anode.The resulting material delivered a reversible capacity of 1094 mAh/g,and exhibited excellent cycling stability.It kept a reversible capacity of 1050 mAh/g over 200 cycles with a capacity retention of 96%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52071085)Shanghai Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.SAST2020-102).
文摘Lithium metal is regarded as the most promising anode material for next generation high energy density lithium batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and lowest potential versus standard hydrogen electrode.However,lithium dendrite growth and huge volume change during cycling hinder its practical application.It is of great importance to design advanced Li metal anodes to solve these problems.Herein,we report a ZnO-coated Zn foam as the host matrix to pre-store lithium through thermal infusing,achieving a Zn@ZnO foam supported Li composite electrode(LZO).Needlelike ZnO nanofibers grown on the Zn foam greatly increase the surface area and enhance the lithiophilicity of the Zn foam.In situ formed synaptic LiZn layer after lithium infusion can disperse local current density and lower Li diffusion barrier effectively,leading to homogeneous Li deposition behavior,thus suppressing dendrite formation.The porous Zn foam skeleton can accommodate volume variation of the electrode during longterm cycling.Benefiting from these merits,the LZO anode exhibits much better cycle stability and rate capability in both symmetrical and full cells with low voltage hysteresis than the bare Li anode.This work opens a new opportunity in designing high performance composite Li anode for lithium-metal batteries.
