With the worldwide rise in electric vehicles, the demand for lithium batteries is increasing day by day. In 2015, China＇s new energy vehicles developed rapidly, and the price of lithium carbonate rose from fifty or s...With the worldwide rise in electric vehicles, the demand for lithium batteries is increasing day by day. In 2015, China＇s new energy vehicles developed rapidly, and the price of lithium carbonate rose from fifty or sixty thousand yuan per ton to 150 thousand yuan. In the past, lithium was often extracted from spodumene （LiAlSi2O6）, which is time consuming, laborious and expensive. Over the past decade, abundant lithium has been discovered in brackish and salt water lakes, which is an important way to obtain lithium resources.展开更多
For the preparation of tritium fuel as the main and rare fuel of reactors in the fusion reactors, the reactor blanket must be designed so that it provides enough tritium breeding ratio. The tritium breeding ratio, TBR...For the preparation of tritium fuel as the main and rare fuel of reactors in the fusion reactors, the reactor blanket must be designed so that it provides enough tritium breeding ratio. The tritium breeding ratio, TBR, in the blanket of reactors should be greater than one, (TBR > 1), by applying lithium blanket. The calculations for proposed parameters (td , fb , η and tp), indicate that the estimated tritium breeding ratio is greater than one. The calculated TBR = 1.04 satisfies the tritium provision condition.展开更多
The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the fibre length distribution, melting temperature and the rheological characteristics of high yield pulp fibre reinforced polyamide bio...The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the fibre length distribution, melting temperature and the rheological characteristics of high yield pulp fibre reinforced polyamide biocomposite. The inorganic salt lithium chloride (LiCl) was used to decrease the melting and processing temperature of bio-based polyamide 11. The extrusion method and Brabender mixer approaches were used to carry out the compounding process. The densities and fibre content were found to be increased after processing using both compounding methods. The HYP fibre length distribution analysis realized using the FQA equipment showed an important fibre-length reduction after processing by both techniques. The rheological properties of HYP-reinforced net and modified bio-based polyamide 11 “PA11” (HYP/PA11) composite were investigated using a capillary rheometer. The rheological tests were performed in function of the shear rate for different temperature conditions. The low-temperature process compounding had higher shear viscosity;this was because during the process the temperature was low and the mixing and melting were induced by the high shear rate created during compounding process. Experimental test results using the extrusion process showed a steep decrease in shear viscosity with increasing shear rate, and this melt-flow characteristic corresponds to shear-thinning behavior in HYP/PA11, and this steep decrease in the melt viscosity can be associated to the hydrolyse reaction of nylon for high pulp fibre moisture content at high temperature. In addition to the low processing temperature, the melt viscosity of the biocomposite using the Brabender mixer approach increases with increasing shear rate, and this stability in the increase even at high shear rate for high pulp moisture content is associated to the presence of inorganic salt lithium chloride which creates the hydrogen bonds with pulp during the compounding process.展开更多
电控离子交换(Electrochemically switched ion exchange,ESIX)系统内对电极具有保持溶液电中性、增强提锂效果且使系统形成闭合回路的关键作用。在ESIX技术盐湖提锂过程中人们主要关注锂离子捕获电极,关于对电极的研究较少。而本文研...电控离子交换(Electrochemically switched ion exchange,ESIX)系统内对电极具有保持溶液电中性、增强提锂效果且使系统形成闭合回路的关键作用。在ESIX技术盐湖提锂过程中人们主要关注锂离子捕获电极,关于对电极的研究较少。而本文研究了不同类型对电极对ESIX系统提锂性能的影响。分别采用聚吡咯/导电炭黑/聚偏二氟乙烯(PPy/C/PVDF)、活性炭/导电炭黑/聚偏二氟乙烯(AC/C/PVDF)和石墨板电极作为ESIX系统中锰酸锂/导电炭黑/聚偏二氟乙烯(LiMn_(2)O_(4)/C/PVDF)提锂膜电极的对电极,考察了这3种ESIX系统在氯化物型高镁锂比模拟卤水(Mg/Li~50)中的提锂性能。结果表明,当PPy/C/PVDF作为对电极时可有效吸附卤水中Cl^(-),且ESIX系统提锂性能最优,Li^(+)吸附量为13.9 mg/g;当PPy/C/PVDF电极湿膜厚度增加至1 mm时,ESIX系统对Li^(+)的提取率可达44.2%,Li^(+)/Mg^(2+)分离因子可达56.82。因此,针对不同的阴离子型盐湖卤水设计匹配的对电极对ESIX技术在盐湖提锂领域的发展具有重要的理论指导意义。展开更多
文摘With the worldwide rise in electric vehicles, the demand for lithium batteries is increasing day by day. In 2015, China＇s new energy vehicles developed rapidly, and the price of lithium carbonate rose from fifty or sixty thousand yuan per ton to 150 thousand yuan. In the past, lithium was often extracted from spodumene （LiAlSi2O6）, which is time consuming, laborious and expensive. Over the past decade, abundant lithium has been discovered in brackish and salt water lakes, which is an important way to obtain lithium resources.
文摘For the preparation of tritium fuel as the main and rare fuel of reactors in the fusion reactors, the reactor blanket must be designed so that it provides enough tritium breeding ratio. The tritium breeding ratio, TBR, in the blanket of reactors should be greater than one, (TBR > 1), by applying lithium blanket. The calculations for proposed parameters (td , fb , η and tp), indicate that the estimated tritium breeding ratio is greater than one. The calculated TBR = 1.04 satisfies the tritium provision condition.
文摘The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) on the fibre length distribution, melting temperature and the rheological characteristics of high yield pulp fibre reinforced polyamide biocomposite. The inorganic salt lithium chloride (LiCl) was used to decrease the melting and processing temperature of bio-based polyamide 11. The extrusion method and Brabender mixer approaches were used to carry out the compounding process. The densities and fibre content were found to be increased after processing using both compounding methods. The HYP fibre length distribution analysis realized using the FQA equipment showed an important fibre-length reduction after processing by both techniques. The rheological properties of HYP-reinforced net and modified bio-based polyamide 11 “PA11” (HYP/PA11) composite were investigated using a capillary rheometer. The rheological tests were performed in function of the shear rate for different temperature conditions. The low-temperature process compounding had higher shear viscosity;this was because during the process the temperature was low and the mixing and melting were induced by the high shear rate created during compounding process. Experimental test results using the extrusion process showed a steep decrease in shear viscosity with increasing shear rate, and this melt-flow characteristic corresponds to shear-thinning behavior in HYP/PA11, and this steep decrease in the melt viscosity can be associated to the hydrolyse reaction of nylon for high pulp fibre moisture content at high temperature. In addition to the low processing temperature, the melt viscosity of the biocomposite using the Brabender mixer approach increases with increasing shear rate, and this stability in the increase even at high shear rate for high pulp moisture content is associated to the presence of inorganic salt lithium chloride which creates the hydrogen bonds with pulp during the compounding process.
