A Case of Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Liver Cirrhosis Complicated by Acute Cerebral Infarction and Acute Myelitis

Background: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis combined with acute cerebral infarction is uncommon in clinical work, and then combined with acute myelitis is even rarer and more complex, which poses a greater challenge to clinical diagnosis and treatment. This paper reports a case of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis complicated by acute cerebral infarction and acute myelitis, which be hoped to provide a reference for clinical work. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical information of a 68-year-old female admitted to the Digestive Medical Department with acute gastrointestinal bleeding and appeared limb movement disorder on the third day. Results: The patient was eventually diagnosed with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in liver cirrhosis complicated by acute cerebral infarction and acute myelitis. Conclusions: When patients with liver cirrhosis have abnormal neurological symptoms, in addition to liver cirrhosis-related complications, doctors need to consider cerebrovascular diseases and myelitis.

Portal vein computed tomography imaging characteristics and their relationship with bleeding risk in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing interventional therapy

BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze the predictive value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography(CT)perfusion imaging for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.A total of 62 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension and 28 healthy individuals were included.The results showed that multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging had a significant predictive value for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.The vascular area,number of vascular cross-sections,and gastric coronary vein diameter(GCVD)showed high predictive values,with the vascular area having the best predictive value.AIM To investigate the predictive accuracy of multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.METHODS This study included 62 patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension(disease group)and 28 healthy individuals(control group).The disease group was further divided into two subgroups:Group A(n=27,bleeding)and group B(n=35,no bleeding).All patients underwent multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging at our hospital,and we compared various parameters such as liver blood flow,vein size,number of blood vessels,and blood vessel area between the two groups.We employed statistical analysis to identify factors associated with upper gastrointestinal bleeding and created a graph comparing the predictive value of different factors for bleeding.RESULTS We found no difference in hepatic artery(HAP)levels among the three groups(all P>0.05).The portal vein levels in groups A and B were much lower than in the control group;group A was much lower than group B(all P<0.05).The HAP perfusion index levels in groups A and B were much higher than in the control group;group A was much higher than group B(all P<0.05).The portal vein diameter,splenic vein diameter,and GCVD levels in groups A and B were much higher than in the control group;those in group A were much higher than those in group B(all P<0.05).The number of blood vessels and blood vessel area in groups A and B were much higher than in the control group;those in group A were much higher than those in group B(all P<0.05).The statistical method showed a strong link between GCVD,number of blood vessels,blood vessel area,and upper gastrointestinal bleeding(odds ratio=1.275,1.346,1.397,P<0.05).The graph showed that GCVD,number of blood vessels,and blood vessel area could predict bleeding well,with blood vessel area having the best prediction power.CONCLUSION That multi-slice spiral CT perfusion imaging can predict upper gastrointestinal bleeding well in patients with cirrhosis and high blood pressure in the portal vein.GCVD,number of blood vessels,and blood vessel area had high prediction power.The blood vessel area had the best prediction power,with an area under the curve of 0.831.

Fatal risk factors for cirrhosis complicated with the first upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Objective: To explore the fatal risk factors of liver cirrhosis complicated with the first upper gastrointestinal bleeding, so as to provide reference for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: 572 patients with cirrhosis admitted to North China University of Science and Technology and Tangshan Infectious Diseases Hospital from January 2014 to January 2018 were selected. According to whether there is concurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding, it is divided into 163 cases of hemorrhage group and 409 cases of non-bleeding group. The patients in the hemorrhagic group were divided into case group (65 cases died of first upper gastrointestinal bleeding) and control group (98 cases died of non-first upper gastrointestinal bleeding). The general clinical data, laboratory and imaging data of the patients were analyzed. The risk factors of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis and the independent risk factors of the first upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis were analyzed. Results: (1) Univariate analysis showed that: there were significant differences in Hb, PLT, CHE, ALB, TBIL, PT, left gastric vein diameter, portal vein diameter, course of cirrhosis, family history of cirrhosis, Child classification of liver function, esophagogastric varices, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and portal vein thrombosis between hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic groups (P<0.05). The difference was statistically significant;(2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the diameter of left gastric vein, esophageal varices, ascites, Child C grade of liver function and portal vein thrombosis were risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis. Left gastric vein diameter, esophagogastric varices and portal vein thrombosis are independent risk factors for first upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis. Conclusion:Wider internal diameter of left gastric vein, severe esophagogastric varices and portal vein thrombosis are independent risk factors for fatal upper gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhosis.

Influence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding:A nationwide analysis

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the leading cause of liver disease globally with an estimated prevalence of 25%,with the clinical and economic burden expected to continue to increase.In the United States,non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB)has an estimated incidence of 61-78 cases per 100000 people with a mortality rate of 2%-15%based on co-morbidity burden.AIM To identify the outcomes of NVUGIB in NAFLD hospitalizations in the United States.METHODS We utilized the National Inpatient Sample from 2016-2019 to identify all NVUGIB hospitalizations in the United States.This population was divided based on the presence and absence of NAFLD.Hospitalization characteristics,outcomes and complications were compared.RESULTS The total number of hospitalizations for NVUGIB was 799785,of which 6%were found to have NAFLD.NAFLD and GIB was,on average,more common in younger patients,females,and Hispanics than GIB without NAFLD.Interestingly,GIB was less common amongst blacks with NAFLD.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted,controlling for the multiple covariates.The primary outcome of interest,mortality,was found to be significantly higher in patients with NAFLD and GIB[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.018(1.013-1.022)].Secondary outcomes of interest,shock[aOR=1.015(1.008-1.022)],acute respiratory failure[aOR=1.01(1.005-1.015)]and acute liver failure[aOR=1.016(1.013-1.019)]were all more likely to occur in this cohort.Patients with NAFLD were also more likely to incur higher total hospital charges(THC)[$2148($1677-$2618)];however,were less likely to have a longer length of stay[0.27 d(0.17-0.38)].Interestingly,in our study,the patients with NAFLD were less likely to suffer from acute myocardial infarction[aOR=0.992(0.989-0.995)].Patients with NAFLD were not more likely to suffer acute kidney injury,sepsis,blood transfusion,intubation,or dialysis.CONCLUSION NVUGIB in NAFLD hospitalizations had higher inpatient mortality,THC,and complications such as shock,acute respiratory failure,and acute liver failure compared to those without NAFLD.

Timing of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy does not influence short-term outcomes in patients with acute variceal bleeding

AIM To examine the association between the timing of endo-scopy and the short-term outcomes of acute variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients.METHODS This retrospective study included 274 consecutive patients admitted with acute esophageal variceal bleeding of two tertiary hospitals in Korea. We adjusted confounding factors using the Cox proportional hazards model and the inverse probability weighting （IPW） method. The primary outcome was the mortality of patients within 6 wk.RESULTS A total of 173 patients received urgent endoscopy （ i.e. , ≤ 12 h after admission）, and 101 patients received non-urgent endoscopy （〉 12 h after admission）. The 6-wk mortality rate was 22.5% in the urgent endoscopy group and 29.7% in the non-urgent endoscopy group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups before （P = 0.266） and after IPW （P = 0.639）. The length of hospital stay was statistically different between the urgent group and non-urgent group （P = 0.033）; however, there was no significant difference in the in-hospital mortality rate between the two groups （8.1%vs 7.9%, P = 0.960）. In multivariate analyses, timing of endoscopy was not associated with 6-wk mortality （hazard ratio, 1.297; 95% confdence interval, 0.806-2.089; P = 0.284）.CONCLUSION In cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding, the timing of endoscopy may be independent of short-term mortality.

Study of liver cirrhosis over twenty consecutive years in adults in Southern China

BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis(LC)is a prevalent and severe disease in China.The burden of LC is changing with widespread vaccination of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and antiviral therapy.However,the recent transition in etiologies and clinical features of LC cases requiring hospitalization is unclear.AIM To identify the transition in etiologies and clinical characteristics of hospitalized LC patients in Southern China.METHODS In this retrospective,cross-sectional study we included LC inpatients admitted between January 2001 and December 2020.Medical data indicating etiological diagnosis and LC complications,and demographic,laboratory,and imaging data were collected from our hospital-based dataset.The etiologies of LC were mainly determined according to the discharge diagnosis,and upper gastrointestinal bleeding,ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),portal vein thrombosis,hepatorenal syndrome,and acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)were considered LC-related complications in our study.Changing trends in the etiologies and clinical characteristics were investigated using logistic regression,and temporal trends in proportions of separated years were investigated using the Cochran-Armitage test.In-hospital prognosis and risk factors associated with in-hospital mortality were also invest igated.RESULTS A total of 33143 patients were included in the study[mean(SD)age,51.7(11.9)years],and 82.2%were males.The mean age of the study population increased from 51.0 years in 2001-2010 to 52.0 years in 2011-2020(P<0.001),and the proportion of female patients increased from 16.7%in 2001-2010 to 18.2%in 2011-2020(P=0.003).LC patients in the decompensated stage at diagnosis decreased from 68.1%in 2001-2010 to 64.6%in 2011-2020(P<0.001),and the median score of model for end-stage liver disease also decreased from 14.0 to 11.0(P<0.001).HBV remained the major etiology of LC(75.0%)and the dominant cause of viral hepatitis-LC(94.5%)during the study period.However,the proportion of HBV-LC decreased from 82.4%in 2001-2005 to 74.2%in 2016-2020,and the proportion of viral hepatitis-LC decreased from 85.2%in 2001-2005 to 78.1%in 2016-2020(both P for trend<0.001).Meanwhile,the proportions of LC caused by alcoholic liver disease,autoimmune hepatitis and mixed etiology increased by 2.5%,0.8%and 4.5%,respectively(all P for trend<0.001).In-hospital mortality was stable at 1.0%in 2011-2020,whereas HCC and ACLF manifested the highest increases in prevalence among all LC complications(35.8%to 41.0%and 5.7%to 12.4%,respectively)and were associated with 6-fold and 4-fold increased risks of mortality(odds ratios:6.03 and 4.22,respectively).CONCLUSION LC inpatients have experienced changes in age distribution and etiologies of cirrhosis over the last 20 years in Southern China.HCC and ACLF are associated with the highest risk of in-hospital mortality among LC complications.

PPIs are not associated with a lower incidence of portal-hypertension-related bleeding in cirrhosis

AIM:To determine if proton pump inhibitor use in cirrhotic patients with endoscopic findings of portal hypertension is associated with a lower frequency of gastrointestinal bleeding.METHODS:Patients with cirrhosis and endoscopic findings related to portal hypertension,receiving or not receiving proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy,were included retrospectively.We assigned patients to two groups:group 1 patients underwent PPI therapy and group 2 patients did not undergo PPI therapy.RESULTS:One hundred and five patients with a median age of 58 (26-87) years were included,57 (54.3%) of which were women.Esophageal varices were found in 82 (78%) patients,portal hypertensive gastropathy in 72 (68.6%) patients,and gastric varices in 15 (14.3%) patients.PPI therapy was used in 45.5% of patients (n=48).Seventeen (16.1%) patients presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding;in 14/17 (82.3%) patients,bleeding was secondary to esophageal varices,and in 3/17 patients bleeding was attributed to portal hypertensive gastropathy.Bleeding related to portal hypertension according to PPI therapy occurred in 18.7% (n=9) of group 1 and in 14% (n=8) of group 2 (odds ratio:0.83,95% confidence interval:0.5-1.3,P=0.51).CONCLUSION:Portal hypertension bleeding is not associated with PPI use.These findings do not support the prescription of PPIs in patients with chronic liver disease with no currently accepted indication.

Epistaxis in end stage liver disease masquerading as severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage

AIM: To describe the prevalence, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of end stage liver disease (ESLD) patients with severe epistaxis thought to be severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage (UGIH).

Effects of postoperative use of proton pump inhibitors on gastrointestinal bleeding after endoscopic variceal treatment during hospitalization

BACKGROUND Endoscopic variceal treatment(EVT)is recommended as the mainstay choice for the management of high-risk gastroesophageal varices and acute variceal bleeding in liver cirrhosis.Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are widely used for various gastric acid-related diseases.However,the effects of PPIs on the development of post-EVT complications,especially gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB),remain controversial.AIM To evaluate the effects of postoperative use of PPIs on post-EVT complications in patients with liver cirrhosis during hospitalization.METHODS Patients with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis who were admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command,treated by an attending physician between January 2016 and June 2020 and underwent EVT during their hospitalization were included.Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the effects of postoperative use of PPIs on the development of post-EVT complications during hospitalization.Odds ratios(ORs)with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)were calculated.RESULTS A total of 143 patients were included.The incidence of post-EVT GIB and other post-EVT complications was 4.90%and 46.85%,respectively.In the overall analyses,postoperative use of PPIs did not significantly reduce the risk of post-EVT GIB(OR=0.525,95%CI=0.113-2.438,P=0.411)or other post-EVT complications(OR=0.804,95%CI=0.413-1.565,P=0.522).In the subgroup analyses according to the enrollment period,type and route of PPIs after the index EVT,use of PPIs before the index EVT,use of vasoactive drugs after the index EVT,indication of EVT(prophylactic and therapeutic),and presence of portal venous system thrombosis,ascites,and hepatocellular carcinoma,the effects of postoperative use of PPIs on the risk of post-EVT GIB or other post-EVT complications remain not statistically significant.CONCLUSION Routine use of PPIs after EVT should not be recommended in patients with liver cirrhosis for the prevention of post-EVT complications during hospitalization.

Proton pump inhibitor use increases mortality and hepatic decompensation in liver cirrhosis

BACKGROUND Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs)are widely prescribed,often without clear indications.There are conflicting data on its association with mortality risk and hepatic decompensation in cirrhotic patients.Furthermore,PPI users and PPI exposure in some studies have been poorly defined with many confounding factors.AIM To examine if PPI use increases mortality and hepatic decompensation and the impact of cumulative PPI dose exposure.METHODS Data from patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis were extracted from a hospital database between 2013 to 2017.PPI users were defined as cumulative defined daily dose(cDDD)≥28 within a landmark period,after hospitalisation for hepatic decompensation.Cox regression analysis for comparison was done after propensity score adjustment.Further risk of hepatic decompensation was analysed by Poisson regression.RESULTS Among 295 decompensated cirrhosis patients,238 were PPI users and 57 were non-users.PPI users had higher mortality compared to non-users[adjusted HR=2.10,(1.20-3.67);P=0.009].Longer PPI use with cDDD>90 was associated with higher mortality,compared to non-users[aHR=2.27,(1.10-5.14);P=0.038].PPI users had a higher incidence of hospitalization for hepatic decompensation[aRR=1.61,(1.30-2.11);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPI use in decompensated cirrhosis is associated with increased risk of mortality and hepatic decompensation.Longer PPI exposure with cDDD>90 increases the risk of mortality.

Prophylactic tracheal intubation for upper GI bleeding: A meta-analysis

AIM： To evaluate usefulness of prophylactically intu-bating upper gastrointestinal bleeding （UGIB） patients. METHODS： UGIB results in a significant number of hospital admissions annually with endoscopy being the key intervention. In these patients, risks are associated with the bleeding and the procedure, including pulmonary aspiration. However, very little literature is available assessing the use of prophylactic endotracheal intubation on aspiration in these patients. A comprehensive search was performed in May 2014 in Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane databases, PubMed/Medline, Embase, and published abstracts from national gastroenterology meetings in the United States （2004-2014）. Included studies examined UGIB patients and compared prophylactic intubation to no intubation before endoscopy. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2 by Mantel-Haenszel and DerSimonian and Laird models with results presented as odds ratio for aspiration, pneumonia （within 48 h）, and mortality. Funnel plots were utilized for publication bias and I2 measure of inconsistency for heterogeneity assessments. RESULTS： Initial search identi？ed 571 articles. Of these articles, 10 relevant peer-reviewed articles in English and two relevant abstracts were selected to review by two independent authors （Almashhrawi AA and Bechtold ML）. Of these studies, eight were excluded： Five did not have a control arm, one was a letter the editor, one was a survey study, and one was focused on prevention of UGIB. Therefore, four studies （N = 367） were included. Of the UGIB patients prophylactically intubated before endoscopy, pneumonia （within 48 h） was identified in 20 of 134 （14.9%） patients as compared to 5 of 95 （5.3%） patients that were not intubated prophylactically （P = 0.02）. Despite observed trends, no significant differences were found for mortality （P = 0.18） or aspiration （ P = 0.11）.CONCLUSION： Pneumonia within 48 h is more likely in UGIB patients who received prophylactic endotracheal intubation prior to endoscopy.

Non-invasive model for predicting high-risk esophageal varices based on liver and spleen stiffness

BACKGROUND Acute bleeding due to esophageal varices(EVs)is a life-threatening complication in patients with cirrhosis.The diagnosis of EVs is mainly through upper gastrointestinal endoscopy,but the discomfort,contraindications and complications of gastrointestinal endoscopic screening reduce patient compliance.According to the bleeding risk of EVs,the Baveno VI consensus divides varices into high bleeding risk EVs(HEVs)and low bleeding risk EVs(LEVs).We sought to identify a non-invasive prediction model based on spleen stiffness measurement(SSM)and liver stiffness measurement(LSM)as an alternative to EVs screening.AIM To develop a safe,simple and non-invasive model to predict HEVs in patients with viral cirrhosis and identify patients who can be exempted from upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.METHODS Data from 200 patients with viral cirrhosis were included in this study,with 140 patients as the modelling group and 60 patients as the external validation group,and the EVs types of patients were determined by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and the Baveno Ⅵ consensus.Those patients were divided into the HEVs group(66 patients)and the LEVs group(74 patients).The effect of each parameter on HEVs was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses,and a noninvasive prediction model was established.Finally,the discrimination ability,calibration ability and clinical efficacy of the new model were verified in the modelling group and the external validation group.RESULTS Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that SSM and LSM were associated with the occurrence of HEVs in patients with viral cirrhosis.On this basis,logistic regression analysis was used to construct a prediction model:Ln[P/(1-P)]=-8.184-0.228×SSM+0.642×LSM.The area under the curve of the new model was 0.965.When the cut-off value was 0.27,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the model for predicting HEVs were 100.00%,82.43%,83.52%,and 100%,respectively.Compared with the four prediction models of liver stiffness-spleen diameter to platelet ratio score,variceal risk index,aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio,and Baveno VI,the established model can better predict HEVs in patients with viral cirrhosis.CONCLUSION Based on the SSM and LSM measured by transient elastography,we established a non-invasive prediction model for HEVs.The new model is reliable in predicting HEVs and can be used as an alternative to routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy screening,which is helpful for clinical decision making.

Letter to editor‘Non-invasive model for predicting high-risk esophageal varices based on liver and spleen stiffness’

predicting high-risk esophageal varices based on liver and spleen stiffness".Acute bleeding caused by esophageal varices is a life-threatening complication in patients with liver cirrhosis.Due to the discomfort,contraindications,and associated complications of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy screening,it is crucial to identify an imaging-based non-invasive model for predicting high-risk esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.

不同方式联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌合并上消化道出血的临床疗效

目的比较经颈内静脉肝内门体分流术(transjugular intrahepatic portal systemic shunt TIPS)、内镜治疗及药物治疗3种不同方式联合经肝动脉化疗栓塞术(transhepatic arterial chemoembolization TACE)对原发性肝癌合并门静脉高压、上消化道出血的临床疗效。方法纳入2014年1月至2020年6月联勤保障部队第九八〇医院原发性肝癌合并门静脉高压、上消化道出血患者105例,根据治疗方式分为TIPS联合TACE组25例,内镜联合TACE组30例,药物联合TACE组50例。比较3种不同治疗方式联合TACE治疗肝癌合并上消化道出血的临床疗效、出血复发率、肝性脑病发生率及生存率。结果3组患者治疗后6、12和24个月出血复发率差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。TIPS组患者治疗前门静脉压力为(38.47±9.35)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),治疗后为(25.24±5.68)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后3组患者血红蛋白均不同程度升高,TIPS组及内镜组优于药物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TIPS组术后6、12和24个月出血复发率低于内镜组及药物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);12个月和24个月出血复发率低于内镜组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);内镜组12个月及24个月出血复发率低于药物组(P<0.05),两组6个月内出血复发率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TIPS组6个月和12个月肝性脑病发生率高于内镜组及药物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),内镜组与药物组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组患者24个月肝性脑病发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TIPS组与内镜组6个月病死率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组均低于药物组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);TIPS组12个月及24个月病死率低于内镜组及药物组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);内镜组与药物组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TIPS联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌合并上消化道出血可降低上消化道出血复发率,有效控制肿瘤进展,延长生存期。

正念减压疗法对上消化道出血患者疗效情绪及生活质量的影响

目的探讨正念减压疗法对上消化道出血患者疗效、焦虑抑郁情绪及生活质量的影响。方法将82例上消化道出血患者按随机数字表法分为干预组、对照组,各41例。对照组患者接受常规干预,干预组患者在对照组基础上接受正念减压疗法干预。两组患者均干预至出院。比较两组患者临床疗效、临床指标(腹痛消失时间、出血停止时间、便血消失时间、住院时间)、并发症发生率、干预满意率以及干预前后焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、生存质量量表(QOL)评分。结果干预组患者治疗总有效率、干预满意率均高于对照组,并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后干预组患者腹痛消失时间、出血停止时间、便血消失时间早于对照组,住院时间均短于对照组,SAS及SDS评分均低于对照组(P<0.01)。干预后干预组患者QOL的精神状态、认知功能、躯体疼痛、生理功能、社会能力、健康水平维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论正念减压疗法有助于提升上消化道出血患者临床疗效,减少并发症的发生,改善患者的焦虑及抑郁情绪,促进患者症状更快好转,提升患者生活质量及干预满意率。

生长抑素联合雷贝拉唑治疗肝硬化上消化道出血的效果分析

目的:分析生长抑素联合雷贝拉唑治疗肝硬化上消化道出血的效果。方法:选取2020年8月—2022年10月滨州市中心医院收治的肝硬化上消化道出血患者76例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各38例。对照组给予雷贝拉唑治疗,观察组在对照组基础上予以生长抑素治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果:观察组止血总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.042)。治疗后,两组血流动力学指标、凝血功能指标优于治疗前,且观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:生长抑素联合雷贝拉唑治疗肝硬化上消化道出血的效果显著,可增强止血效果,改善血流动力学及凝血功能,且安全性高。

不同剂量奥曲肽联合内镜下套扎术治疗肝硬化并发上消化道出血的临床效果及对血清学指标的影响

目的探讨肝硬化并发上消化道出血实施不同剂量奥曲肽联合内镜下套扎术治疗的效果。方法选取广西壮族自治区江滨医院于2023年1—12月收治的110例肝硬化并发上消化道出血患者作为研究对象,采用随机数表法分为研究组(n=55)和对照组(n=55)。全部患者均进行内镜下套扎术治疗,对照组予以常规剂量奥曲肽联合治疗,研究组予以高剂量奥曲肽联合治疗,比较两组患者的围术期相关指标以及治疗前后的血清学指标以及不良反应发生率。结果研究组的72 h再出血发生率(5.45%)低于对照组(18.18%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.274,P<0.05)。研究组住院时间、止血时间及输血量均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的过氧化氢(Lipid Hydroperoxide,LHP)、丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MAD)、晚期氧化蛋白产物(Advanced Oxidation Protein Products,AOPP)水平均有所下降,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione Peroxidase,GSH-Px)水平均有所上升,而研究组的LHP、MAD以及AOPPs水平均低于对照组,GSH-Px水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论肝硬化并发上消化道出血实施高剂量奥曲肽联合内镜下套扎术治疗的止血效果更好,加速术后恢复,同时可降低机体氧化应激反应,且不会显著增加不良反应。

双向质量反馈管理对肝硬化合并UGB的效果及对患者SRSS评分的影响

目的探讨应用双向质量反馈管理对肝硬化合并上消化道出血(UGB)患者的干预效果及对患者睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)评分的影响。方法选取2020年10月—2023年11月泰安市中医医院收治的100例肝硬化合并UGB患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组与观察组,各50例。对照组采用常规护理干预方法,观察组采用常规护理+双向质量反馈管理方法,比较两组的干预效果、自我管理能力改善情况、心理状态及睡眠质量。结果观察组的止血时间、住院时间短于对照组,住院费用少于对照组,住院期间再出血发生率、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分以及SRSS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组的肝硬化自我管理行为量表评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论双向质量反馈管理对肝硬化合并UGB患者具有显著的干预效果,能够有效提高患者的自我管理能力,并改善其心理状态和睡眠质量,缩短康复进程。

肝硬化门静脉高压患者发生上消化道出血的危险因素分析

目的 探讨肝硬化门静脉高压患者发生上消化道出血的危险因素。方法 收集2018年3月至2023年3月北京丰台医院收治的80例肝硬化门静脉高压患者的临床资料,按照入院时是否存在上消化道出血将其分为出血组(n=41)和对照组(n=39)。收集所有患者的年龄、性别、体重指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、基础病史、肝硬化相关病史等,分析肝硬化门静脉高压患者发生上消化道出血的危险因素。结果 出血组患者年龄、饮酒史、收缩压、凝血酶原时间延长比例、服用抗血小板药物比例、未服用降低门静脉压力药物比例均高于对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥60岁、有饮酒史、凝血酶原时间延长、未服用降低门静脉压力药物、服用抗血小板药物均为肝硬化门静脉高压患者发生上消化道出血的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 年龄≥60岁、饮酒史、凝血酶原时间延长、未服用降低门静脉压力药物、服用抗血小板药物均为肝硬化门静脉高压患者发生上消化道出血的独立危险因素,临床上可根据上述指标筛查高危患者,给予针对性的预防措施和监测。

肝硬化门静脉血栓形成患者并发消化道出血的相关因素研究

背景门静脉血栓(PVT)和消化道出血均是肝硬化患者的并发症,且PVT可加重消化道出血的风险,但两者的治疗相互矛盾,是临床工作的又一难题。目的探讨肝硬化PVT形成患者并发消化道出血的临床特点及危险因素。方法回顾性收集2016-10-01—2021-09-30在昆明医科大学第一附属医院住院且诊断为肝硬化PVT患者279例,根据本次入院有无呕血、黑便的消化道出血症状将患者分为出血组(n=127)和非出血组(n=152)。对比两组一般资料、并发症、实验室及影像学检查、手术史等相关资料的差异。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨肝硬化PVT患者并发消化道出血的影响因素。结果本研究回顾性调查5807例肝硬化患者,其中合并PVT患者350例,PVT发生率为6.0%。279例肝硬化PVT患者中肝功能Child B级并发PVT最常见[146例(52.3%)]。出血组和非出血组病因、血管受累情况、黄疸、门静脉主干内径、食管胃静脉曲张、白细胞计数(WBC)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞容积(HCT)、总胆红素(TBiL)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、腹腔手术史比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,WBC升高(OR=2.555,95%CI=1.318~6.542)、HCT下降(OR=0.511,95%CI=0.247~0.925)、FIB下降(OR=0.085,95%CI=0.005~0.661)、累及肠系膜上静脉血栓(OR=27.873,95%CI=1.452~1335.715)是肝硬化PVT患者并发消化道出血的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论WBC升高、HCT下降、FIB下降、累及肠系膜上静脉血栓是肝硬化PVT患者并发消化道出血的独立危险因素,应实行早期干预以改善预后。