Since the first laparoscopic splenectomy(LS)was reported in 1991,LS has become the gold standard for the removal of normal to moderately enlarged spleens in benign conditions.Compared with open splenectomy,fewer posts...Since the first laparoscopic splenectomy(LS)was reported in 1991,LS has become the gold standard for the removal of normal to moderately enlarged spleens in benign conditions.Compared with open splenectomy,fewer postsurgical complications and better postoperative recovery have been observed,but LS is contraindicated for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis in many institutions owing to technical difficulties associated with splenomegaly,well-developed collateral circulation,and increased risk of bleeding.With the improvements of laparoscopic technique,the concept is changing.This article aims to give an overview of the latest development in laparoscopic splenectomy for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Despite a lack of randomized controlled trial,the publications obtained have shown that with meticulous surgical techniques and advanced instruments,LS is a technically feasible,safe,and effective procedure for hypersplenism secondary to cirrhosis and portal hypertension and contributes to decreased blood loss,shorter hospital stay,and less impairment of liver function.It is recommended that the dilated short gastric vessels and other enlarged collateral circulation surrounding the spleen be divided with the LigaSure vessel sealing equipment,and the splenic artery and vein be transected en bloc with the application of the endovascular stapler.To support the clinical evidence,further randomized controlled trials about this topic are necessary.展开更多
BACKGROUND The most effective treatment for advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension is liver transplantation(LT).However,splenomegaly and hypersplenism can persist even after LT in patients with massive splenomegal...BACKGROUND The most effective treatment for advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension is liver transplantation(LT).However,splenomegaly and hypersplenism can persist even after LT in patients with massive splenomegaly.AIM To examine the feasibility of performing partial splenectomy during LT in patients with advanced cirrhosis combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism.METHODS Between October 2015 and February 2019,762 orthotopic LTs were performed for patients with end-stage liver diseases in Tianjin First Center Hospital.Eighty-four cases had advanced cirrhosis combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism.Among these patients,41 received partial splenectomy during LT(PSLT group),and 43 received only LT(LT group).Patient characteristics,intraoperative parameters,and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS The incidence of postoperative hypersplenism(2/41,4.8%)and recurrent ascites(1/41,2.4%)in the PSLT group was significantly lower than that in the LT group(22/43,51.2%;8/43,18.6%,respectively).Seventeen patients(17/43,39.5%)in the LT group required two-stage splenic embolization,and further splenectomy was required in 6 of them.The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in the PSLT group(8.6±1.3 h;640.8±347.3 mL)were relatively increased compared with the LT group(6.8±0.9 h;349.4±116.1 mL).The incidence of postoperative bleeding,pulmonary infection,thrombosis and splenic arterial steal syndrome in the PSLT group was not different to that in the LT group,respectively.CONCLUSION Simultaneous PSLT is an effective treatment and should be performed in patients with advanced cirrhosis combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism to prevent postoperative persistent hypersplenism.展开更多
Hepatitis C is the most common indication for orthotopic liver transplantation in the United States. Unfortunately, hepatitis C recurs universally in the transplanted liver and is the major cause of decreased graft an...Hepatitis C is the most common indication for orthotopic liver transplantation in the United States. Unfortunately, hepatitis C recurs universally in the transplanted liver and is the major cause of decreased graft and patient survival. The combination therapy of interferon and ribavirin has been shown to be the most effective therapy for recurrent hepatitis C. However, pre-and post-transplant hypersplenism often precludes patients from receiving the antiviral therapy. Splenectomy and partial splenic embolization are the two invasive modalities that can correct the cytopenia associated with hypersplenism. In this report we review the two treatment options, their associated outcomes and complications.展开更多
AIM:To study the safety and feasibility of total embolization of the main splenic artery as a supplemental treatment modality for hypersplenism with thrombocytopenia or leukocytopenia accompanying liver cirrhosis.METH...AIM:To study the safety and feasibility of total embolization of the main splenic artery as a supplemental treatment modality for hypersplenism with thrombocytopenia or leukocytopenia accompanying liver cirrhosis.METHODS:Fifteen consecutive patients with hypersplenism due to cirrhosis were enrolled in this study from January 2006 to June 2010.All patients underwent total embolization of the main splenic artery.Clinical symptoms,white blood cell(WBC) and platelet(PLT) counts,splenic volume,and complications of the patients were recorded.The patients were followed up for 1 and 6 mo,and 1,2,3 years,respectively,after operation.RESULTS:Total embolization of the main splenic artery was technically successful in all patients.Minor complications occurred in 13 patients after the procedure,but no major complications were found.The WBC andPLT counts were significantly higher and the residual splenic volume was significantly lower 1 and 6 mo,and 1,2,3 years after the procedure than before the procedure(P < 0.01).Moreover,the residual splenic volume increased very slowly with the time after embolization.All patients were alive during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION:Total embolization of the main splenic artery is a safe and feasible procedure and may serve as a supplemental treatment modality for hypersplenism with thrombocytopenia or leukocytopenia accompanying liver cirrhosis.展开更多
AIM: To determine the correlation between portal hemodynamics and spleen function among different grades of cirrhosis and verify its significance in cirrhosis staging.METHODS: The portal and splenic vein hemodynamics ...AIM: To determine the correlation between portal hemodynamics and spleen function among different grades of cirrhosis and verify its significance in cirrhosis staging.METHODS: The portal and splenic vein hemodynamics and spleen size were investigated by ultrasonography in consecutive 38 cirrhotic patients with cirrhosis (Child's grades A to C) and 20 normal controls. The differences were compared in portal vein diameter and flow velocity between patients with and without ascites and between patients with mild and severe esophageal varices. The correlation between peripheral blood cell counts and Child's grades was also determined.RESULTS: The portal flow velocity and volume were significantly lower in patients with Child's C (12.25±1.67 cm/s vs 788.59±234 mm/min, respectively) cirrhosis compared to controls (19.55±3.28 cm/s vs 1254.03±410 mm/min,respectively) and those with Child's A (18.5±3.02 cm/s vs1358.48±384 mm/min, respectively) and Child's B (16.0±3.89cm/s vs 1142.23±390 mm/min, respectively)cirrhosis.Patients with ascites had much lower portal flow velocity and volume (13.0±1.72 cm/s vs 1078±533 mm/min) than those without ascites (18.6±2.60 cm/s vs 1394±354 mm/min).There was no statistical difference between patients with mild and severe esophageal varices. The portal vein diameter was not significantly different among the above groups.There were significant differences in splenic vein diameter,flow velocity and white blood cell count, but not in spleen size, red blood cell and platelet counts among the various grades of cirrhosis. The spleen size was negatively correlated with red blood cell and platelet counts (r= -0.620and r = -0.8.34, respectively).CONCLUSION: An optimal system that includes parameters representing the portal hemodynamics and spleen function should be proposed for cirrhosis staging.展开更多
目的探讨脾部分栓塞术联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术在原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进中的临床疗效及应用价值。方法80例原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进患者,采用简单化随机法将所有患者分为对照组和实验组,每组40例。对照组患者实施肝动脉化疗栓塞术,实验组...目的探讨脾部分栓塞术联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术在原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进中的临床疗效及应用价值。方法80例原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进患者,采用简单化随机法将所有患者分为对照组和实验组,每组40例。对照组患者实施肝动脉化疗栓塞术,实验组患者在对照组的基础上联合脾部分栓塞术。比较两组患者临床疗效、不良反应发生情况以及手术前后谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血小板计数(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)。结果实验组治疗总有效率95.0%高于对照组的77.5%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者术前ALT为(55.57±8.56)U/L、TBIL为(24.25±3.12)μmol/L,术后7 d ALT为(33.27±4.08)U/L、TBIL为(17.58±2.15)μmol/L;对照组患者术前ALT为(55.29±8.37)U/L、TBIL为(24.64±3.15)μmol/L,术后7 d ALT为(49.68±6.65)U/L、TBIL为(22.12±2.86)μmol/L。与术前比较,术后7 d两组患者ALT、TBIL水平均有所改善,且与对照组比较,实验组患者的ALT、TBIL水平改善效果更明显,均恢复至正常水平,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者术前WBC为(2.48±0.26)×10^(9)/L、PLT为(64.36±10.15)×10^(9)/L,术后7 d WBC为(6.57±1.18)×10^(9)/L、PLT为(117.38±18.15)×10^(9)/L;对照组患者术前WBC为(2.39±0.18)×10^(9)/L、PLT为(64.51±10.22)×10^(9)/L,术后7dWBC为(3.68±0.53)×10^(9)/L、PLT为(83.16±12.86)×10^(9)/L。与术前比较,术后7 d两组患者的WBC、PLT水平均有所升高,且与对照组比较,实验组患者的WBC、PLT水平升高幅度更明显,均恢复至正常水平,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者术前PT为(19.26±2.24)s、APTT为(54.35±8.12)s,术后7 d PT为(10.27±1.88)s、APTT为(31.63±4.15)s;对照组患者术前PT为(19.29±2.26)s、APTT为(54.26±8.10)s,术后7 d PT为(16.56±2.05)s、APTT为(44.32±6.86)s。与术前比较,术后7 d两组患者的PT、APTT均有所缩短,且与对照组比较,实验组患者PT、APTT缩短幅度更明显,均恢复至正常水平,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术中、术后均未出现严重不良反应,实验组不良反应发生率7.5%低于对照组的27.5%(P<0.05)。结论肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合脾部分栓塞术能够有效改善原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进患者的肝功能、血常规,促进患者的凝血功能恢复,且安全性良好,值得临床推广应用。展开更多
BACKGROUND:Whether splenectomy can be performed simultaneously during liver transplantation in patients with end-stage liver diseases complicated by hypersplenism remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the...BACKGROUND:Whether splenectomy can be performed simultaneously during liver transplantation in patients with end-stage liver diseases complicated by hypersplenism remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the impact of simultaneous splenectomy on high-and low-risk liver transplant patients with end-stage liver diseases and severe hypersplenism. METHODS:Forty-two patients with end-stage liver diseases complicated by severe hypersplenism who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation were enrolled in this study. Splenectomy was performed in 19 of the patients. The 42 patients were grouped according to the risk of liver diseases and operations they received. Patients were considered to be at high-risk if they had at least one of the following conditions: preoperative prothrombin time >5 seconds, portal vein thrombosis, and severe perisplenitis. High-risk patients who had undergone splenectomy were classified into group A, whereas high-risk patients who had not undergone splenectomy were classified into group B. Low-risk patients who had undergone splenectomy were classified into group C, and low-risk patients who had spleen preservation were classified into group D. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bleeding, pulmonary infection, perioperative mortality, and postoperative platelet recovery were analyzed. RESULTS: Operative time and intraoperative blood loss were greater in group A than in groups B-D (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between groups C and D (P>0.05). In group A, 3 patients had postoperative bleeding, 5 had pulmonary infection, and 2 had perioperative mortality,which was higher than any other group, but postoperative bleeding, pulmonary infection, and perioperative mortality were similar to those in groups C and D. In patients undergoing simultaneous splenectomy, platelet counts recovered within 6 months after surgery. Thrombocytopenia was sustained in 3 of the 23 patients who did not undergo simultaneous splenectomy. CONCLUSION: Splenectomy should be avoided during orthotopic liver transplantation in high-risk patients, but this procedure does not increase the operative risk in low-risk patients and may be a valuable method to ensure good postoperative platelet recovery.展开更多
AIM： To compare the recovery of thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly during long-term follow-up after liver transplantation in patients receiving a living donor transplant or a cadaveric donor transplant. METHODS： This...AIM： To compare the recovery of thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly during long-term follow-up after liver transplantation in patients receiving a living donor transplant or a cadaveric donor transplant. METHODS： This was a retrospective cohort study of 216 consecutive liver transplant patients who survived for 〉 6 mo after transplantation; 169 received a liver transplant from a living donor and 47 from a cadaveric donor. The platelet counts or spleen volumes were examined before transplant, i, 6, and 12 mo after transplant, and then annually until 5 years after transplant. RESULTS： The mean follow-up period was 49 mo （range, 21-66）. Platelet counts increased continuously for 5 years after orthotopic liver transplant. The restoration of platelet counts after transplant was significantly slower in patients with severe pretransplant thrombocytopenia （〈 50000/μL） until 4 years after transplant （P = 0.005）. Donor type did not significantlyaffect the recovery of platelet count and spleen volume in either patient group. In multivariate analysis, pretransplant severe thrombocytopenia （〈 50000/μL） was an independent factor associated with sustained thrombocytopenia （P 〈 0.001, odds ratio 6.314; confidence interval, 2.828-14.095）. Thrombocytopenia reappeared after transplant in seven patients with portal flow disturbance near the anastomosis site. CONCLUSION： Our study suggests that severe thrombocytopenia before transplant is closely associated with delayed recovery of platelet count after transplant and donor type did not affect the recovery of thrombocytopenia. The reappearance of thrombocytopenia after transplant should be considered a possible indicator of flow disturbance in the portal vein.展开更多
Acute cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection is a commonly encountered complication in the post liver transplant setting. We present a case of a 71-year-old male with acute CMV infection, initially presenting with a gastro- i...Acute cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection is a commonly encountered complication in the post liver transplant setting. We present a case of a 71-year-old male with acute CMV infection, initially presenting with a gastro- intestinal bleed due to acute CMV gastritis and later on complicated by acute venous thromboembolism occur- ring as an unprovoked event in the post liver transplant period. Traditional risk factors for venous thromboem- bolism have been well described in the medical litera- ture. Sporadic cases of thromboembolism due to CMV infection in the immune compromised patients have been described, especially in the post kidney transplant patients. Liver transplant recipients are equally prone to CMV infection particularly in the first year after suc- cessful transplantation. Venous thromboembolism in this special population is particularly challenging due to the fact that these patients may have persistent throm- bocytopenia and anticoagulation may be a challenge for the treating physician. Since liver transplantation is severely and universally limited by the availability of donor organs, we feel that this case report will provide valuable knowledge in the day to day management of these patients, whose clinical needs are complex and require a multidisciplinary approach in their care and management. Evidence and pathophysiology link- ing both the conditions is presented along with a brief discussion on the management, common scenarios en- countered and potential impact in this special group of patients.展开更多
目的:探讨脾脏切除对肝豆状核变性(Wilson′s disease,WD)脾功能亢进(脾亢)病人肝功能的影响。方法:97例WD病人作为病例组,依据腹部二维彩超和血小板计数(PLT)将其分为脾正常组、脾大组、脾亢组,同期31名健康体检人员作为对照组。比较...目的:探讨脾脏切除对肝豆状核变性(Wilson′s disease,WD)脾功能亢进(脾亢)病人肝功能的影响。方法:97例WD病人作为病例组,依据腹部二维彩超和血小板计数(PLT)将其分为脾正常组、脾大组、脾亢组,同期31名健康体检人员作为对照组。比较组间肝功能各项指标差异。28例脾亢进病人进行了脾切除手术,比较术前和术后肝功能各项指标差异。结果:除天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶线粒体同工酶(m-AST)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)在各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各肝功能指标在各组中差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01)。与对照组比较,脾正常组中总胆汁酸(TBA)和活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)升高,前白蛋白(PA)和血红蛋白(Hb)降低;与脾正常组比较,脾大组中总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、APTT升高,PA、血清纤维连接蛋白(FN)、PLT降低;与脾大组比较,脾亢组中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、DBIL、TBA、ADA、PT、APTT、凝血酶时间(TT)升高,PA、FN、总胆固醇(T-CHO)、白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞计数(RBC)、Hb、PLT降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。WD脾亢病人脾切除术后14 d TBIL、DBIL、IBIL、TBA、ADA、PT、APTT和TT水平较术前下降,总蛋白、白蛋白、FN、T-CHO、WBC、PLT、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、AST、m-AST、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶、LDH水平较术前增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:WD病人脾切除术后肝脏合成功能与肝脏代谢功能均显著改善。排除手术创伤短期因素,肝细胞损伤及膜通透性也有所好转,脾脏切除术可以显著改善WD脾亢病人的肝功能。展开更多
文摘Since the first laparoscopic splenectomy(LS)was reported in 1991,LS has become the gold standard for the removal of normal to moderately enlarged spleens in benign conditions.Compared with open splenectomy,fewer postsurgical complications and better postoperative recovery have been observed,but LS is contraindicated for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis in many institutions owing to technical difficulties associated with splenomegaly,well-developed collateral circulation,and increased risk of bleeding.With the improvements of laparoscopic technique,the concept is changing.This article aims to give an overview of the latest development in laparoscopic splenectomy for hypersplenism secondary to liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Despite a lack of randomized controlled trial,the publications obtained have shown that with meticulous surgical techniques and advanced instruments,LS is a technically feasible,safe,and effective procedure for hypersplenism secondary to cirrhosis and portal hypertension and contributes to decreased blood loss,shorter hospital stay,and less impairment of liver function.It is recommended that the dilated short gastric vessels and other enlarged collateral circulation surrounding the spleen be divided with the LigaSure vessel sealing equipment,and the splenic artery and vein be transected en bloc with the application of the endovascular stapler.To support the clinical evidence,further randomized controlled trials about this topic are necessary.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81870444Tianjin Natural Science Foundation,No.19JCQNJC10300Spring Bud Plan of Tianjin First Central Hospital,No.TFCHCL201801.
文摘BACKGROUND The most effective treatment for advanced cirrhosis and portal hypertension is liver transplantation(LT).However,splenomegaly and hypersplenism can persist even after LT in patients with massive splenomegaly.AIM To examine the feasibility of performing partial splenectomy during LT in patients with advanced cirrhosis combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism.METHODS Between October 2015 and February 2019,762 orthotopic LTs were performed for patients with end-stage liver diseases in Tianjin First Center Hospital.Eighty-four cases had advanced cirrhosis combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism.Among these patients,41 received partial splenectomy during LT(PSLT group),and 43 received only LT(LT group).Patient characteristics,intraoperative parameters,and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups.RESULTS The incidence of postoperative hypersplenism(2/41,4.8%)and recurrent ascites(1/41,2.4%)in the PSLT group was significantly lower than that in the LT group(22/43,51.2%;8/43,18.6%,respectively).Seventeen patients(17/43,39.5%)in the LT group required two-stage splenic embolization,and further splenectomy was required in 6 of them.The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in the PSLT group(8.6±1.3 h;640.8±347.3 mL)were relatively increased compared with the LT group(6.8±0.9 h;349.4±116.1 mL).The incidence of postoperative bleeding,pulmonary infection,thrombosis and splenic arterial steal syndrome in the PSLT group was not different to that in the LT group,respectively.CONCLUSION Simultaneous PSLT is an effective treatment and should be performed in patients with advanced cirrhosis combined with severe splenomegaly and hypersplenism to prevent postoperative persistent hypersplenism.
文摘Hepatitis C is the most common indication for orthotopic liver transplantation in the United States. Unfortunately, hepatitis C recurs universally in the transplanted liver and is the major cause of decreased graft and patient survival. The combination therapy of interferon and ribavirin has been shown to be the most effective therapy for recurrent hepatitis C. However, pre-and post-transplant hypersplenism often precludes patients from receiving the antiviral therapy. Splenectomy and partial splenic embolization are the two invasive modalities that can correct the cytopenia associated with hypersplenism. In this report we review the two treatment options, their associated outcomes and complications.
文摘AIM:To study the safety and feasibility of total embolization of the main splenic artery as a supplemental treatment modality for hypersplenism with thrombocytopenia or leukocytopenia accompanying liver cirrhosis.METHODS:Fifteen consecutive patients with hypersplenism due to cirrhosis were enrolled in this study from January 2006 to June 2010.All patients underwent total embolization of the main splenic artery.Clinical symptoms,white blood cell(WBC) and platelet(PLT) counts,splenic volume,and complications of the patients were recorded.The patients were followed up for 1 and 6 mo,and 1,2,3 years,respectively,after operation.RESULTS:Total embolization of the main splenic artery was technically successful in all patients.Minor complications occurred in 13 patients after the procedure,but no major complications were found.The WBC andPLT counts were significantly higher and the residual splenic volume was significantly lower 1 and 6 mo,and 1,2,3 years after the procedure than before the procedure(P < 0.01).Moreover,the residual splenic volume increased very slowly with the time after embolization.All patients were alive during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION:Total embolization of the main splenic artery is a safe and feasible procedure and may serve as a supplemental treatment modality for hypersplenism with thrombocytopenia or leukocytopenia accompanying liver cirrhosis.
基金Supported by the National Science Fund or Foundation for Postdoctoral Fellows in China,No.2001.6the Medical Science Found of Shandong Province,No.1999CA2BJBA1.
文摘AIM: To determine the correlation between portal hemodynamics and spleen function among different grades of cirrhosis and verify its significance in cirrhosis staging.METHODS: The portal and splenic vein hemodynamics and spleen size were investigated by ultrasonography in consecutive 38 cirrhotic patients with cirrhosis (Child's grades A to C) and 20 normal controls. The differences were compared in portal vein diameter and flow velocity between patients with and without ascites and between patients with mild and severe esophageal varices. The correlation between peripheral blood cell counts and Child's grades was also determined.RESULTS: The portal flow velocity and volume were significantly lower in patients with Child's C (12.25±1.67 cm/s vs 788.59±234 mm/min, respectively) cirrhosis compared to controls (19.55±3.28 cm/s vs 1254.03±410 mm/min,respectively) and those with Child's A (18.5±3.02 cm/s vs1358.48±384 mm/min, respectively) and Child's B (16.0±3.89cm/s vs 1142.23±390 mm/min, respectively)cirrhosis.Patients with ascites had much lower portal flow velocity and volume (13.0±1.72 cm/s vs 1078±533 mm/min) than those without ascites (18.6±2.60 cm/s vs 1394±354 mm/min).There was no statistical difference between patients with mild and severe esophageal varices. The portal vein diameter was not significantly different among the above groups.There were significant differences in splenic vein diameter,flow velocity and white blood cell count, but not in spleen size, red blood cell and platelet counts among the various grades of cirrhosis. The spleen size was negatively correlated with red blood cell and platelet counts (r= -0.620and r = -0.8.34, respectively).CONCLUSION: An optimal system that includes parameters representing the portal hemodynamics and spleen function should be proposed for cirrhosis staging.
文摘目的探讨脾部分栓塞术联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术在原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进中的临床疗效及应用价值。方法80例原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进患者,采用简单化随机法将所有患者分为对照组和实验组,每组40例。对照组患者实施肝动脉化疗栓塞术,实验组患者在对照组的基础上联合脾部分栓塞术。比较两组患者临床疗效、不良反应发生情况以及手术前后谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血小板计数(PLT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)。结果实验组治疗总有效率95.0%高于对照组的77.5%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者术前ALT为(55.57±8.56)U/L、TBIL为(24.25±3.12)μmol/L,术后7 d ALT为(33.27±4.08)U/L、TBIL为(17.58±2.15)μmol/L;对照组患者术前ALT为(55.29±8.37)U/L、TBIL为(24.64±3.15)μmol/L,术后7 d ALT为(49.68±6.65)U/L、TBIL为(22.12±2.86)μmol/L。与术前比较,术后7 d两组患者ALT、TBIL水平均有所改善,且与对照组比较,实验组患者的ALT、TBIL水平改善效果更明显,均恢复至正常水平,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者术前WBC为(2.48±0.26)×10^(9)/L、PLT为(64.36±10.15)×10^(9)/L,术后7 d WBC为(6.57±1.18)×10^(9)/L、PLT为(117.38±18.15)×10^(9)/L;对照组患者术前WBC为(2.39±0.18)×10^(9)/L、PLT为(64.51±10.22)×10^(9)/L,术后7dWBC为(3.68±0.53)×10^(9)/L、PLT为(83.16±12.86)×10^(9)/L。与术前比较,术后7 d两组患者的WBC、PLT水平均有所升高,且与对照组比较,实验组患者的WBC、PLT水平升高幅度更明显,均恢复至正常水平,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者术前PT为(19.26±2.24)s、APTT为(54.35±8.12)s,术后7 d PT为(10.27±1.88)s、APTT为(31.63±4.15)s;对照组患者术前PT为(19.29±2.26)s、APTT为(54.26±8.10)s,术后7 d PT为(16.56±2.05)s、APTT为(44.32±6.86)s。与术前比较,术后7 d两组患者的PT、APTT均有所缩短,且与对照组比较,实验组患者PT、APTT缩短幅度更明显,均恢复至正常水平,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术中、术后均未出现严重不良反应,实验组不良反应发生率7.5%低于对照组的27.5%(P<0.05)。结论肝动脉化疗栓塞术联合脾部分栓塞术能够有效改善原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进患者的肝功能、血常规,促进患者的凝血功能恢复,且安全性良好,值得临床推广应用。
文摘BACKGROUND:Whether splenectomy can be performed simultaneously during liver transplantation in patients with end-stage liver diseases complicated by hypersplenism remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the impact of simultaneous splenectomy on high-and low-risk liver transplant patients with end-stage liver diseases and severe hypersplenism. METHODS:Forty-two patients with end-stage liver diseases complicated by severe hypersplenism who had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation were enrolled in this study. Splenectomy was performed in 19 of the patients. The 42 patients were grouped according to the risk of liver diseases and operations they received. Patients were considered to be at high-risk if they had at least one of the following conditions: preoperative prothrombin time >5 seconds, portal vein thrombosis, and severe perisplenitis. High-risk patients who had undergone splenectomy were classified into group A, whereas high-risk patients who had not undergone splenectomy were classified into group B. Low-risk patients who had undergone splenectomy were classified into group C, and low-risk patients who had spleen preservation were classified into group D. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bleeding, pulmonary infection, perioperative mortality, and postoperative platelet recovery were analyzed. RESULTS: Operative time and intraoperative blood loss were greater in group A than in groups B-D (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between groups C and D (P>0.05). In group A, 3 patients had postoperative bleeding, 5 had pulmonary infection, and 2 had perioperative mortality,which was higher than any other group, but postoperative bleeding, pulmonary infection, and perioperative mortality were similar to those in groups C and D. In patients undergoing simultaneous splenectomy, platelet counts recovered within 6 months after surgery. Thrombocytopenia was sustained in 3 of the 23 patients who did not undergo simultaneous splenectomy. CONCLUSION: Splenectomy should be avoided during orthotopic liver transplantation in high-risk patients, but this procedure does not increase the operative risk in low-risk patients and may be a valuable method to ensure good postoperative platelet recovery.
基金The Grant (Clinical Research Center of Liver Cirrhosis) of the Korea Health 21 Research and Development Project from Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea, No. A050021
文摘AIM： To compare the recovery of thrombocytopenia and splenomegaly during long-term follow-up after liver transplantation in patients receiving a living donor transplant or a cadaveric donor transplant. METHODS： This was a retrospective cohort study of 216 consecutive liver transplant patients who survived for 〉 6 mo after transplantation; 169 received a liver transplant from a living donor and 47 from a cadaveric donor. The platelet counts or spleen volumes were examined before transplant, i, 6, and 12 mo after transplant, and then annually until 5 years after transplant. RESULTS： The mean follow-up period was 49 mo （range, 21-66）. Platelet counts increased continuously for 5 years after orthotopic liver transplant. The restoration of platelet counts after transplant was significantly slower in patients with severe pretransplant thrombocytopenia （〈 50000/μL） until 4 years after transplant （P = 0.005）. Donor type did not significantlyaffect the recovery of platelet count and spleen volume in either patient group. In multivariate analysis, pretransplant severe thrombocytopenia （〈 50000/μL） was an independent factor associated with sustained thrombocytopenia （P 〈 0.001, odds ratio 6.314; confidence interval, 2.828-14.095）. Thrombocytopenia reappeared after transplant in seven patients with portal flow disturbance near the anastomosis site. CONCLUSION： Our study suggests that severe thrombocytopenia before transplant is closely associated with delayed recovery of platelet count after transplant and donor type did not affect the recovery of thrombocytopenia. The reappearance of thrombocytopenia after transplant should be considered a possible indicator of flow disturbance in the portal vein.
文摘Acute cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection is a commonly encountered complication in the post liver transplant setting. We present a case of a 71-year-old male with acute CMV infection, initially presenting with a gastro- intestinal bleed due to acute CMV gastritis and later on complicated by acute venous thromboembolism occur- ring as an unprovoked event in the post liver transplant period. Traditional risk factors for venous thromboem- bolism have been well described in the medical litera- ture. Sporadic cases of thromboembolism due to CMV infection in the immune compromised patients have been described, especially in the post kidney transplant patients. Liver transplant recipients are equally prone to CMV infection particularly in the first year after suc- cessful transplantation. Venous thromboembolism in this special population is particularly challenging due to the fact that these patients may have persistent throm- bocytopenia and anticoagulation may be a challenge for the treating physician. Since liver transplantation is severely and universally limited by the availability of donor organs, we feel that this case report will provide valuable knowledge in the day to day management of these patients, whose clinical needs are complex and require a multidisciplinary approach in their care and management. Evidence and pathophysiology link- ing both the conditions is presented along with a brief discussion on the management, common scenarios en- countered and potential impact in this special group of patients.
文摘目的:探讨脾脏切除对肝豆状核变性(Wilson′s disease,WD)脾功能亢进(脾亢)病人肝功能的影响。方法:97例WD病人作为病例组,依据腹部二维彩超和血小板计数(PLT)将其分为脾正常组、脾大组、脾亢组,同期31名健康体检人员作为对照组。比较组间肝功能各项指标差异。28例脾亢进病人进行了脾切除手术,比较术前和术后肝功能各项指标差异。结果:除天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶线粒体同工酶(m-AST)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)在各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其余各肝功能指标在各组中差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05~P<0.01)。与对照组比较,脾正常组中总胆汁酸(TBA)和活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)升高,前白蛋白(PA)和血红蛋白(Hb)降低;与脾正常组比较,脾大组中总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、总胆汁酸(TBA)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、APTT升高,PA、血清纤维连接蛋白(FN)、PLT降低;与脾大组比较,脾亢组中天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、DBIL、TBA、ADA、PT、APTT、凝血酶时间(TT)升高,PA、FN、总胆固醇(T-CHO)、白细胞计数(WBC)、红细胞计数(RBC)、Hb、PLT降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。WD脾亢病人脾切除术后14 d TBIL、DBIL、IBIL、TBA、ADA、PT、APTT和TT水平较术前下降,总蛋白、白蛋白、FN、T-CHO、WBC、PLT、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、AST、m-AST、γ-谷氨酰基转移酶、LDH水平较术前增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:WD病人脾切除术后肝脏合成功能与肝脏代谢功能均显著改善。排除手术创伤短期因素,肝细胞损伤及膜通透性也有所好转,脾脏切除术可以显著改善WD脾亢病人的肝功能。
