Effects of paraprobiotics on bile acid metabolism and liver health in largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)fed a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet

Cottonseed protein concentrate is a sustainable fishmeal alternative in aquafeed.A 10-week experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet with and without multi-strain yeast fractions(MsYF)on growth,bile acid metabolism,and health in largemouth bass.Four hundred fish(54.0±0.0 g)were casually distributed into 16 tanks(4 replicates/diet).Fish were fed with 4 iso-nitrogen and iso-energetic diets 3 times daily,including a fishmeal diet(FM),a soy protein concentrate-based diet(SPC;replacing 81%fishmeal protein),a cottonseed protein concentrate-based diet(CPC;replacing 81%fishmeal protein),and a CPC diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg MsYF(CPCY).Results showed that the survival of SPC was the lowest,i.e.,48%,with no apparent diet effect among other treatments;we omitted the SPC in additional analyses.Fish fed cottonseed protein concentrate-based diets showed lower growth than FM(P<0.05).Fish fed CPC showed the highest nuclear dense hepatic phenotypes ratio(50%),followed by CPCY(33%)and FM(17%).Further,dietary CPC increased hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride levels with concurrently increased cholesterol syn-thesis but decreased triglyceride synthesis-associated transcription levels(P<0.05).Furthermore,di-etary CPC increased bile acid synthesis but decreased bile acid transport-associated transcription levels(P<0.05),and then induced an increment of plasma cholic acid and hepatic chenodeoxycholic acid content and the decrement of genus Romboustia(P<0.05).Regarding the effect of MsYF,fish fed CPCY reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and total plasma bile acid content(P<0.05)compared to CPC,suggesting an improvement in liver health.Also,dietary MsYF could reverse the microbiota community structure showing a similar gut microbial composition to FM.In conclusion,81%of fishmeal protein replaced by cottonseed protein concentrate suppressed growth and liver health,while dietary MsYF might mitigate the negative impact of a high cottonseed protein concentrate level diet on liver functions via gut microbiota regulation.

Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance,pigmentation,and liver health of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)

Chlorella meal is a potential protein source for aquafeeds.However,the physiological response of carnivorous fish fed Chlorella meal remains elusive.This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance,pigmentation,and liver health in largemouth bass.Five diets were formulated to replace dietary fish meal of 0%(C0,control),25%(C25),50%(C50),75%(C75),and 100%(C100)with Chlorella meal,respectively.Total 300 fish(17.6±0.03 g)were randomly assigned to 15 tanks(3 tanks/group).Fish were fed the experimental diet twice daily for 8 weeks.The increased dietary Chlorella meal quadratically influenced the final body weight(FBW),weight gain rate(WGR),specific growth rate(SGR),and feed intake(FI),which were significantly lower in the C100 group than in the other groups(P<0.05).The feed conversion ratio(FCR)increased linearly or quadratically with dietary Chlorella meal.Dietary Chlorella meal linearly or quadratically increased the lutein content of plasma,liver,and dorsal muscle of largemouth bass(P<0.05).Compared to the C0 group,all supplemented Chlorella meal groups significantly improved the yellowness(b*)of the dorsal body(1.5 to 2.0 fold),abdominal body(1.5 to 1.8 fold),and dorsal muscle(3.8 to 5.4 fold)of largemouth bass(P<0.05).In addition,compared to the C0 group,the liver vacuolation area of fish was significantly increased in the C75 and C100 groups(P<0.05).Transcriptional levels of apoptosis-related genes of b-cell lymphoma-2(bcl2),caspase-9-like(casp9),and caspase-3a(casp3)were markedly upregulated(0.9 to 1.6 fold)in the C100 group compared to the C0 group(P<0.05).Based on the quadratic regression analysis between FBW,WGR,or SGR and dietary Chlorella meal level,largemouth bass had the best growth when replacing 31.7%to 32.6%of fish meal with 15.03%to 15.43%dietary Chlorella meal.The present results indicated that dietary supplementation with Chlorella meal(11.85%to 47.45%)significantly enhanced the pigmentation;however,total replacement of fish meal(40%)with Chlorella meal(47.45%)caused growth retardation,apoptosis,and liver damage in largemouth bass.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is not associated with a lower health perception

AIM: To examine the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) and general health perception.METHODS: This cross sectional and prospective follow-up study was performed on a cohort of a subsample of the first Israeli national health and nutrition examination survey, with no secondary liver disease or history of alcohol abuse. On the first survey, in 2003-2004, 349 participants were included. In 2009-2010 participants from the baseline survey were invited to participate in a follow-up survey. On both baseline and follow-up surveys the data collected included: self-reported general health perception, physical activity habits, frequency of physician's visits, fatigue impact scale and abdominal ultrasound. Fatty liver was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography using standardized criteria and the ratio between the median brightness level of the liver and the right kidney was calculated to determine the Hepato-Renal Index.RESULTS: Out of 349 eligible participants in the first survey, 213 volunteers participated in the follow-up cohort and were included in the current analysis, NAFLD was diagnosed in 70/213(32.9%). The prevalence of "very good" self-reported health perception was lower among participants diagnosed with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD. However, adjustment for BMI attenuated the association(OR = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.36-1.50, P = 0.392). Similar results were observed for the hepato-renal index; it was inversely associated with "very good" health perception but adjustment for BMI attenuated the association. In a full model of multivariate analysis, that included all potential predictors for health perception, NAFLD was not associated with the self-reported general health perception(OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.40-1.86, P = 0.704). The odds for "very good" self-reported general health perception(compared to "else") increased among men(OR = 2.42, 95%CI: 1.26-4.66, P = 0.008) and those with higher performance of leisure time physical activity(OR = 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00-1.01, P < 0.001, per every minute/week) and decreased with increasing level of BMI(OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.84-0.99, P = 0.028, per every kg/m^2) and older age(OR = 0.96, 95%CI: 0.93-0.99, P = 0.033, per one year). Current smoking was not associated with health perception(OR = 1.31, 95%CI: 0.54-3.16, P = 0.552). Newly diagnosed(naive) and previously diagnosed(at the first survey, not naive) NAFLD patients did not differ in their self-health perception. The presence of NAFLD at the first survey as compared to normal liver did not predict health perception deterioration at the 7 years follow-up. In terms of health-services utilization, subjects diagnosed with NAFLD had a similar number of physician's visits(general physicians and specialty consultants) as in the normal liver group. Parameters in the fatigue impact scale were equivalent between the NAFLD and the normal liver groups.CONCLUSION: Fatty liver without clinically significant liver disease does not have independent impact on selfhealth perception.

Health-related quality of life of 256 recipients after liver transplantation

AIM:To investigate health-related quality of life(HRQoL) and psychological outcomes in 256 adults who had undergone liver transplantation(LT).METHODS:A stratified random sampling method was used in this follow-up multicenter study to select a representative sample of recipients undergoing either living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) or deceased donor liver transplantation(DDLT).HRQoL was measured by using the Chinese version of Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36(SF-36),and psychological outcomes by using the beck anxiety inventory(BAI) and the self-rating depression scale(SDS).Clinical and demographic data were collected from the records of the Chinese Liver Transplant Registry and via questionnaires.RESULTS:A total of 256 patients were sampled,including 66(25.8%) receiving LDLT and 190(74.2%) undergoing DDLT;15(5.9%) recipients had anxiety and four(1.6%) developed severe depression after the operation.Compared with LDLT recipients,DDLT patients had higher scores in general health(60.33 ± 16.97 vs 66.86 ± 18.42,P = 0.012),role-physical(63.64 ± 42.55 vs 74.47 ± 36.46,P = 0.048),roleemotional(61.11 ± 44.37 vs 78.95 ± 34.31,P = 0.001),social functioning(78.60 ± 22.76 vs 88.16 ± 21.85,P = 0.003),vitality(70.30 ± 15.76 vs 75.95 ± 16.40,P = 0.016),mental health(65.88 ± 12.94 vs 71.85 ± 15.45,P = 0.005),physical component summary scale(PCS,60.07 ± 7.36 vs 62.58 ± 6.88,P = 0.013) and mental component summary scale(MCS,52.65 ± 7.66 vs 55.95 ± 10.14,P = 0.016).Recipients > 45 years old at the time of transplant scored higher in vitality(77.33 ± 15.64 vs 72.52 ± 16.66,P = 0.020),mental health(73.64 ± 15.06 vs 68.00 ± 14.65,P = 0.003) and MCS(56.61 ± 10.00 vs 54.05 ± 9.30,P = 0.037) than those aged ≤ 45 years.MCS was poorer in recipients with than in those without complications(52.92 ± 12.21 vs 56.06 ± 8.16,P = 0.017).Regarding MCS(55.10 ± 9.66 vs 50.0 ± 10.0,P < 0.05) and PCS(61.93 ± 7.08 vs 50.0 ± 10.0,P < 0.05),recipients scored better than the Sichuan general and had improved overall QoL compared to patients with chronic diseases.MCS and PCS significantly correlated with scores of the BAI(P < 0.001) and the SDS(P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:Age > 45 years at time of transplant,DDLT,full-time working,no complications,anxiety and depression were possible factors influencing postoperative HRQoL in liver recipients.

Health-related quality of life in living liver donors after transplantation

BACKGROUND:Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has recently emerged as an effective therapeutic alternative for patients with end-stage liver disease.In the meantime,the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of the donors is becoming better appreciated.Here we aimed to review the current literature and summarize the effects of liver donation on the long-term HRQoL of living donors.DATA SOURCES:A literature search of PubMed using 'donors','living donor liver transplantation','health-related quality of life',and 'donation' was performed,and all the information was collected.RESULTS:The varied postoperative outcomes of liver donors are attributive to the different evaluation instruments used.On the whole,donors experienced good long-term physical and mental well-being with a few complaining of compromised quality of life due to mild symptoms or psychiatric problems.The psychosocial dimension has received increasing attention with the vocational,interpersonal and financial impact of liver donation on donors mostly studied.CONCLUSIONS:Generally,donors have a good HRQoL after LDLT.Nevertheless,to achieve an ideal donor outcome,further work is necessary to minimize the negative effects as well as to incorporate recent progress in regenerative medicine.

Health-related quality of life after liver transplantation: the experience from a single Chinese center

BACKGROUND: Few studies have been performed to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in liver transplantation (LT) patients in the mainland of China. This study aimed to investigate the HRQOL of post-LT patients in a single center. METHODS: HRQOL was evaluated by the SF-36 (Chinese version) questionnaire in 60 patients (LT group) who had received LT for benign end-stage liver disease (BELD). Fifty-five patients with BELD (BELD group) and 50 healthy volunteers from the general population (GP group) were also evaluated, and the results were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference among the three groups in terms of the scores of eight domains in the SF-36 (P<0.01). Patients in the BELD group had lower scores in each domain of the SF-36 in comparison with those in the GP group (P<0.025). The LT group had mental health scores equivalent to those of the BELD group (P>0.025), but higher scores for the remaining seven domains (P<0.025). Compared with the GP group, the LT group scored equivalently for role physical, body pain, vitality, social function and role emotion (P>0.025), but had lower scores for the remaining three domains (P<0.025). Lower family income was found to be associated with reduced physical function and mental health scores (P<0.05). Better education was associated with increased mental health scores (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: LT patients generally have a good HRQOL although some respects of their HRQOL remains to be improved. Lower family income and poor education are important factors relating to the poor HRQOL of LT patients.

氨基酸微量元素螯合物对草鱼肝脏和肠道健康的影响

为研究饲料中氨基酸微量元素螯合物(铁、锰、铜、锌)对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肝脏和肠道健康的影响。共设置6组等氮(30%)、等脂(4.7%)实验饲料,对照组(CON)为不添加铁、锰、铜、锌4种微量元素的基础饲料,在对照组配方基础上添加无机铁(50 mg/kg)、铜(2 mg/kg)、锰(10 mg/kg)、锌(40 mg/kg)制成IT100组,用氨基酸微量元素螯合物以25%(OT25组)、50%(OT50组)、75%(OT75组)和100%(OT100组)的比例替代IT100组中无机微量元素,投喂初始体质量(40.05±0.05) g的草鱼8周。研究显示,与对照组相比,饲料中添加无机微量元素和氨基酸微量元素螯合物显著提高了草鱼肝脏的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、微量还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和总超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,降低了丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。OT100组显著提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,且OT75组和OT100组GPx活性和GSH含量显著高于IT100组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,各组草鱼的肝细胞形态和肝血窦丰度趋于正常。与对照组相比,除OT25组外,其余各组的肠道绒毛高度和杯状细胞数量显著提高,且OT75和OT100组显著高于IT100组。无机微量元素和氨基酸微量元素螯合物降低了草鱼肠道细胞因子白介素-6(il-6)和白介素-1β(il-1β)基因表达量,提高了肠道紧密连接蛋白闭锁小带蛋白-2(zo-2)和claudin12基因表达量。OT75组显著提高了zo-1和occludin基因表达量,且OT75组il-1β基因表达量显著低于IT100组。综上所述,无机微量元素和氨基酸微量元素螯合物均可显著改善草鱼肠道和肝脏健康,75%氨基酸微量元素螯合物的作用效果显著优于无机微量元素。

Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults： the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BACKGROUND： Sarcopenia and non-alcoholic fatty liver dis- ease （NAFLD） share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, and the relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD has been recently investigated. The study investigated whether low skel- etal muscle mass is differentially associated with NAFLD by gender in Korean adults. METHODS： We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The skeletal muscle index （SMI） was obtained by the appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by the weight. NAFLD was defined as a fatty liver index （FLI） 〉60 in the absence of other chronic liver disease. RESULTS： Among the included subjects, 18.3% （SE： 1.4%） in men and 7.0% （SE： 0.7%） in women were classified as having FLI-defined NAFLD. Most of the risk factors for FLI-defined NAFLD showed a significant negative correlation with the SMI in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that low SMI was associated with FLI-defined NAFLD, inde- pendent of other metabolic and lifestyle parameters in both genders [males： odds ratio （OR）=1.35; 95% confidence inter- val （CI）： 1.17-1.54; females： OR=1.36; 95% CI： 1.18-1.55]. The magnitude of the association between FLI-defined NAFLD and low SMI was higher in middle aged to elderly males （OR-1.50; 95% CI： 1.22-1.84） than in males less than 45 years of age （OR=1.25; 95% CI： 1.02-1.52） and in premenopausal females （OR=l.50; 95% CI： 1.12-2.03） than in postmenopausal females （OR-1.36; 95% CI： 1.20-1.54）.CONCLUSIONS： Low SMI is associated with the risk of FLI- defined NAFLD independent of other well-known metabolic risk factors in both genders. This association may differ ac- cording to age group or menopausal status. Further studies are warranted to confirm this relationship.

原发性肝癌病人健康素养管理移动护理辅助应用程序的构建及应用分析

目的:构建原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer, PLC)病人健康素养管理移动护理辅助应用程序,并对其使用效果进行验证分析。方法:构建由病人使用端、医护使用端及处理器组成的PLC病人健康素养管理移动护理辅助应用程序,将2021年2月-2022年10月于菏泽市立医院住院的100例PLC病人按随机数字表法分为干预组和对照组各50例。对照组采用常规护理管理,干预组在对照组基础上实施基于移动护理辅助应用程序的健康素养管理。采用慢性病病人健康素养调查量表及肝癌病人生活质量量表对两组病人干预前及干预1个月和3个月的健康素养和生活质量进行评估,验证程序的应用效果。结果:两组病人健康素养和生活质量的时间效应、组间效应及交互效应均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组除干预前各项评分比较差异无统计学意义外,其余时间点各维度评分比较,干预组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:构建PLC病人健康素养管理移动护理辅助应用程序是一种科学有效的医疗护理管理辅助手段,可有效提升病人健康素养水平,改善病人生活质量。

饲料中添加发酵豆粕对湘云鲫生长性能、肠道及肝脏健康的影响

为研究饲料中添加发酵豆粕对湘云鲫幼鱼生长性能、肠道及肝脏健康的影响,试验以豆粕含量26%、鱼粉含量20%的饲料作为基础鱼粉组(FM组)饲料,在FM组饲料的基础上添加12%发酵豆粕等蛋白替代10%豆粕和2%鱼粉制成发酵豆粕替代组(FSM组)饲料,对初始体重为(37.26±0.16)g的湘云鲫幼鱼进行为期56 d的养殖试验。结果显示:与FM组相比,FSM组增重率、特定生长率、尾均摄食量、饵料系数、肥满度、脏体比、肝体比、干物质沉积率、蛋白质沉积率及脂肪沉积率均无显著变化(P>0.05);肌肉粗蛋白质含量显著提高(P<0.05),粗灰分含量显著降低(P<0.05),全鱼粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分以及肌肉粗脂肪含量没有显著变化(P>0.05)。在肠道健康方面,FSM组肠道绒毛数目和绒毛高度和FM组间无显著差异(P>0.05);与FM组相比,FSM组血浆D-乳酸含量显著降低了21.5%(P<0.05),血浆内毒素含量和二胺氧化酶活性在FSM组和FM组间无显著差异(P>0.05);FSM组肠道脂肪酶活性较FM组显著提高了10.2%(P<0.05),胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和Na+-K+ATP酶活性在两组间差异不显著(P>0.05);与FM组相比,FSM组肠道总超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。在肝脏健康方面,发酵豆粕添加对湘云鲫肝脏结构无明显影响,两组均肝细胞索明显,排列较整齐,肝细胞结构完整;与FM组相比,FSM组血浆谷丙转氨酶活性和总胆固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05),其中谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低11.3%,总胆固醇含量降低23.1%,溶菌酶活性和免疫球蛋白M含量显著提高(P<0.05),两组间甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量以及谷草转氨酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。

代谢健康状态和肥胖对代谢相关脂肪性肝病患者发生肝纤维化风险的影响研究

目的探讨代谢健康状态和肥胖对代谢相关脂肪性肝病(MAFLD)患者发生肝纤维化风险的影响。方法选取2020年1月至2022年12月在新疆医科大学附属中医医院住院确诊为MAFLD患者347例,按代谢是否健康和体重指数是否≥28 kg/m^(2),分为代谢健康非肥胖组(77例)、代谢不健康非肥胖组(65例)、代谢健康肥胖组(91例)、代谢不健康肥胖组(114例)。比较4组患者临床资料和无创肝纤维化指标及发生肝纤维化的差异,单因素及多因素Logistic回归方法分析MAFLD患者发生进展性肝纤维化的危险因素。构建Logistic回归模型,通过绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估模型对MAFLD患者发生进展性肝纤维化的预测价值。结果代谢不健康的非肥胖和肥胖MAFLD患者发生中重度肝纤维化(≥F2分期)和进展性肝纤维化的比例均明显高于代谢健康者。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,体重指数、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、受控衰减参数(CAP)、天冬氨酸转氨酶与血小板计数比值指数(APRI)是MAFLD患者发生进展性肝纤维化的独立危险因素(均P<0.05)。将上述危险因素纳入Logistic回归分析,建立回归分析模型:logit(P)=-11.67+体重指数×0.20+ALT×0.02+CAP×0.01+APRI×2.73。按照预测概率logit(P)绘制预测MAFLD患者发生进展性肝纤维化的ROC曲线,当logit(P)>0.478时,曲线下面积为0.782,敏感度为63.3%,特异度为84.5%。结论体重指数、ALT、CAP、APRI是MAFLD患者发生进展性肝纤维化的危险因素,提示减轻体质量、保肝降酶、控制代谢因素有利于延缓MAFLD患者肝纤维化的发展。

计算机辅助肝脏三维重建技术在肝癌患者围术期健康教育中的应用

目的:探讨计算机辅助肝脏三维重建技术在肝癌患者围术期健康教育中的应用效果。方法:选取2020年2月1日~2023年2月28日100例行肝肿瘤根治性切除术患者随机分为对照组和研究组各50例,对照组行常规围术期健康教育,研究组使用计算机辅助肝脏三维重建技术进行围术期健康教育;比较两组干预前后健康知识掌握情况、心理状态及应激反应指标。结果:两组术前1 h健康知识问卷评分高于入院次日(P<0.05)、焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)评分低于入院次日(P<0.05),研究组术前1 h健康知识问卷评分高于对照组(P<0.05)、HADS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。重复测量整体分析结果显示,去甲肾上腺素(NE)组间、时间点及交互作用差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前1 h、手术开始30 min、术后1 h,研究组NE及COR水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。术前1 h、手术开始30 min、术后1 h,两组患者NE及COR水平均高于入院次日(P<0.05);手术开始30 min,两组患者NE及COR水平高于术前1 h(P<0.05);术后1 h,两组患者NE及COR水平低于手术开始30 min(P<0.05)。结论:使用计算机辅助肝脏三维重建技术辅助围术期健康教育可有效提升肝癌患者的健康知识掌握程度,改善不良心理状态,降低应激反应。

Impact of Post Hepatitis C Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Health Related Quality of Life

Background: Post hepatitis C virus chronic liver disease (CLD) is prevalent among the Egyptian population with a bad impact upon their quality of life (QOL). Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the long term and fatal complications of CLD and it also has its negative impact on patient’s quality of life. Aim: To assess impact of CLD and HCC on the quality of life of group of hospitalized elderly patients. Methodology: Ninety elderly patients were divided into three groups: 30 elderly with post hepatitis C virus CLD, 30 elderly with HCC and 30 others free of liver disease as control group (Cn), all were recruited from the in-patient ward and the outpatient clinic of the Geriatric Department, Ain-Shams University Hospital. After giving consent, comprehensive geriatric assessment was done with assessment of their quality of life by using the Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36). Investigations including liver enzymes, serum albumin, serum bilirubin and abdominal ultrasound were done. Results: All QOL domains were the highest among control group, followed by HCC group and the least among CLD group. The differences were statistically significant in most subscales and total score [Mean of Cn = 81.9 ± 12.4, Mean of CLD = 47.5 ± 21.9, Mean of HCC = 62.3 ± 16.1;P Cn/CLD ≤ 0.001, P Cn/HCC ≤ 0.001, P CLD/HCC = 0.004]. Albumin was the only biochemical marker correlated positively with total SF score and two subscales (PF and EF) [r = 0.408;P = 0.025]. Conclusion & Recommendation: Our study showed a decrease in the QOL of Egyptian post hepatitis C virus CLD and HCC patients compared with Egyptian population norms. The results showed that CLD were more affected than HCC patients. This had a particularly serious negative impact on their life. The findings indicate a need for updated counseling and educational materials designed to provide adequate information and consistent healthcare service to this patient setting.

饲料中添加胆汁酸对黄鳝生长性能、血清生化和肝肠健康的影响

为探讨饲料中添加胆汁酸对黄鳝生长性能、血清生化指标、肝肠健康的影响。选择1200尾大小均一的健康黄鳝[初始均重(23.00±0.03)g],随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复60尾,配制胆汁酸添加量分别为0、125、250、375和500 mg/kg的等氮等脂饲料进行饲喂,并分别命名为CON、BA125、BA250、BA375和BA500组。56 d的饲养实验结果显示,随着饲料中胆汁酸添加量的增加,黄鳝终末均重、增重率和特定生长率均呈先升后降的趋势,且BA250组显著高于CON和BA500组;饲料转化率变化呈先降后升趋势。全鱼粗蛋白含量先升后降,而肝脏粗脂肪含量呈先降后升趋势。CON组血清谷丙转氨酶活性显著高于其他组,而谷草转氨酶活性呈先降后升趋势。血清D乳酸含量呈降低趋势。血清二胺氧化酶呈先降后升趋势,在BA250组中含量最低。与CON组相比,BA125和BA250组肝脏结构较为完整,肝小叶结构明显,细胞核数量增多。过量胆汁酸(BA375、BA500组)会导致肝细胞出现空泡化和破裂。肝脏中脂滴含量呈先降后升的趋势。肝脏acc和dgat2的mRNA表达水平呈降低趋势,cpt1的mRNA表达水平呈先升后降的趋势,pparα的mRNA表达水平在BA375时最高。肠道的绒毛宽度和固有层宽度呈先升后降的趋势,但BA500组绒毛高度和绒毛宽度均显著低于CON组。黄鳝肝脏的总超氧化物歧化酶活性呈上升趋势,BA250组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性最高,过氧化氢酶活性在BA250组最高,丙二醛含量在BA250组最低。肠道总超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性均呈先升后降的趋势,丙二醛的含量先降后升,在BA250组显著低于CON和BA375组。肠道紧密连接蛋白基因zo1、zo2和occludin的mRNA表达水平均呈先升后降的趋势。本研究表明,饲料中添加适量的胆汁酸可提高黄鳝的生长性能,增强肝脏和肠道的抗氧化能力,且可通过上调脂肪分解代谢和抑制脂肪合成代谢降低肝脂沉积,缓解肝脏损伤,改善肝肠功能。本实验胆汁酸适宜添加量为250.0~283.3 mg/kg。本研究可为黄鳝的健康养殖积累基础数据和提供参考。

发酵菜籽粕对黄颡鱼表观消化率、肝脏及肠道健康的影响

为探究发酵菜籽粕对黄颡鱼的饲料表观消化率、肝脏及肠道健康的影响,实验以黄颡鱼(Tachysurus fulvidraco)为研究对象,共设置3组饲料,分别为对照组(Control)、未发酵菜籽粕组(URSM)和发酵菜籽粕组(FRSM),养殖实验共持续7周。研究结果表明,FRSM组的增重率(WGR)显著高于USRM组(P<0.05),而饲料系数(FCR)和肝体比(HSI)显著低于URSM组(P<0.05)。与未发酵菜籽粕原料相比,黄颡鱼对发酵菜籽粕原料的干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和能量的表观消化率均增加。肝脏组织结构结果表明,URSM组黄颡鱼肝细胞空泡化的相对面积显著高于对照组和FRSM组(P<0.05)。肠道组织结构及紧密连接相关基因试验结果表明,3组间的黄颡鱼肠道绒毛宽度无显著性差异(P>0.05),而FRSM组黄颡鱼的绒毛长度和肠道zo-1和zo-2的mRNA表达水平显著高于URSM组(P<0.05)。炎症因子相关基因测定结果表明,与URSM组相比,FRSM组黄颡鱼肝脏tnf-α、tnf-β和il-1β的mRNA表达水平显著下调,肠道tnf-α和il-6的mRNA表达水平显著下调,而肠道il-10和tgf-β的mRNA表达水平显著上调。与对照组相比,饲料添加未发酵菜籽粕显著增加了黄颡鱼肝脏和肠道的MDA含量(P<0.05),降低了总抗氧化能力(P<0.05),引发肝脏和肠道氧化应激。而饲料添加发酵菜籽粕减轻了菜籽粕导致的黄颡鱼肝脏和肠道氧化损伤。凋亡相关基因检测结果发现,与对照组相比,饲料添加未发酵菜籽上调了黄颡鱼肝脏和肠道促凋亡基因bax、p53、caspase3、caspase9和mdm2的表达水平,但是下调了bcl2的mRNA表达(P<0.05)。而饲料添加发酵菜籽粕明显改善了未发酵菜籽粕导致的促凋亡现象。研究表明,菜籽粕经发酵后添加至饲料中,可以减轻未发酵菜籽粕导致的黄颡鱼肝脏和肠道炎症反应、氧化损伤及细胞凋亡,从而改善黄颡鱼肝脏和肠道健康。研究为深入探讨发酵菜籽粕对鱼类肝脏和肠道健康的改善作用提供了理论依据,对于发酵菜籽粕在鱼类生产中的应用具有重要意义。

黄粉虫在鱼类养殖中的应用研究进展

由于鱼粉和豆粕的短缺和价格的居高不下,寻求优质蛋白的替代品迫在眉睫。黄粉虫作为一种高蛋白、易饲养、低成本的昆虫资源,在水产动物饲料蛋白的替代上极具发展潜力。文章综合阐述了黄粉虫的价值以及其对鱼类生长性能、肌肉品质、免疫抗氧化和肝肠健康的影响,以期为新型水产动物饲料的研发提供参考资料。

活血化瘀合滋补肝肾法对肾虚血瘀证早中期股骨头缺血性坏死患者的临床疗效

目的 探讨活血化瘀合滋补肝肾法对肾虚血瘀证早中期股骨头缺血性坏死患者的临床疗效。方法 82例患者随机分为对照组和观察组,每组41例,对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用活血化瘀合滋补肝肾法,疗程3个月。检测临床疗效、Harris评分、VAS评分、骨密度、血液流变学指标(全血高切黏度、全血低切黏度、血浆黏度)、骨代谢指标(OPN、OPG、OST、CTX-Ⅰ)变化。结果 观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组Harris评分、VAS评分、血液流变学指标、OPN、OST、CTX-Ⅰ降低(P<0.05),骨密度增加(P<0.05),OPG升高(P<0.05),以观察组更明显(P<0.05)。结论 活血化瘀合滋补肝肾法可提高肾虚血瘀证早中期股骨头缺血性坏死患者髋关节功能,增加骨密度,减轻疼痛,改善血液流变学、骨代谢水平。

肝癌患者照顾者健康素养现状及其影响因素分析

目的 了解肝癌患者照顾者健康素养现状及影响因素,为提高肝癌患者照顾者健康素养水平提供依据。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2022年4月至10月湖南省长沙市某三级甲等医院放射介入科符合纳入排除标准的肝癌患者照顾者作为研究对象,采用一般资料调查表、照顾者健康素养量表、医学应对方式问卷进行调查,采用多元线性回归分析肝癌患者照顾者健康素养的影响因素。结果 共回收有效问卷204份。204例肝癌患者的照顾者健康素养得分为(123.08±16.66)分,多元线性回归分析结果显示,居住地、家庭人均月收入、患者住院次数、照顾时长、工作/学习状态以及应对方式是影响其健康素养的主要因素(P<0.001),解释总变异的81.9%。结论 肝癌患者照顾者的健康素养为中等水平,临床医务人员可通过评估不同特征的照顾者,实施个性化的健康宣教,鼓励照顾者寻求并掌握疾病的相关信息,帮助肝癌患者照顾者采取积极的应对方式以提升其健康素养。

耳穴贴压联合五音疗法干预大学生肝郁化火型亚健康失眠临床研究

目的 探讨耳穴贴压联合五音疗法干预大学生亚健康失眠(肝郁化火型)的临床疗效。方法 将符合标准亚健康失眠(肝郁化火型)的62例大学生随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各31例。治疗组采用耳穴贴压联合五音疗法进行干预治疗,7 d为一个疗程,共治疗2个疗程;对照组未采取任何干预措施。试验结果采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)、有效率、复发率以及患者反馈等指标进行综合评价,治疗结束后随访一个月的复发情况。结果 研究期间脱落5例视为无效病例,实际获得有效统计样本量57例,其中治疗组27例,对照组30例。治疗前,两组大学生PSQI评分无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗后,治疗组大学生PSQI评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05),且治疗组的总有效率为92.60%(25/27),高于对照组40%(12/30)。两组治疗前后评分差值比较,治疗组评分下降的差值大于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组经30 d随访复发率为18.18%(4/22)。结论 耳穴贴压联合五音疗法能有效缓解大学生亚健康失眠(肝郁化火型)的临床症状,提高睡眠质量,治愈后复发率较低,患者青睐度高,推荐临床选用。

腹部B超在健康体检中心脂肪肝筛查中的应用研究

目的:探讨采用腹部B超对健康体检者开展脂肪肝筛查的临床应用价值。方法:选取某健康管理中心B超室实施健康体检的80例体验者作为研究对象,80例体检者全部以腹部B超检查进行脂肪肝筛查,以穿刺活检结果作为“金标准”观察筛查结果,分析腹部B超的脂肪肝诊断效能。结果:80例体检者穿刺活检检出19例脂肪肝,经腹部B超检出18例脂肪肝,仅1例漏诊,诊断灵敏度、特异度以及准确度分别达到了94.74%、98.36%、98.75%;而在脂肪肝检出患者中,男性检出率(68.42%)较女性(31.58%)呈现出更高水平(P<0.05);30~60岁年龄段检出率78.95%较30岁以下(10.53%)、60岁以上(10.53%)显示出更高水平(P<0.05);BMI值23~26 kg/m2人群检出率高于19~22 kg/m2人群(P<0.05)。结论:健康管理中心采用腹部B超对健康体检者开展脂肪肝筛查疾病检出率较高,可以将腹部B超检查作为基础,同时联合肝功能指标检测开展疾病诊断,尤其要关注男性、30~60岁年龄段以及BMI值较高人群的筛查,进一步提升疾病检出率与准确率。