Blockade of CD300A enhances the ability of human NK cells to lyse hematologic malignancies

Objective: The human cluster of differentiation(CD)300A, a type-I transmembrane protein with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, was investigated as a potential immune checkpoint for human natural killer(NK) cells targeting hematologic malignancies(HMs).Methods: We implemented a stimulation system involving the CD300A ligand, phosphatidylserine(PS), exposed to the outer surface of malignant cells. Additionally, we utilized CD300A overexpression, a CD300A blocking system, and a xenotransplantation model to evaluate the impact of CD300A on NK cell efficacy against HMs in in vitro and in vivo settings. Furthermore, we explored the association between CD300A and HM progression in patients.Results: Our findings indicated that PS hampers the function of NK cells. Increased CD300A expression inhibited HM lysis by NK cells. CD300A overexpression shortened the survival of HM-xenografted mice by impairing transplanted NK cells. Blocking PS–CD300A signals with antibodies significantly amplified the expression of lysis function-related proteins and effector cytokines in NK cells, thereby augmenting the ability to lyse HMs. Clinically, heightened CD300A expression correlated with shorter survival and an “exhausted” phenotype of intratumoral NK cells in patients with HMs or solid tumors.Conclusions: These results propose CD300A as a potential target for invigorating NK cell-based treatments against HMs.

Decreased LDHB expression in breast tumor cells causes NK cell activation and promotes tumor progression

Objective: Abnormal metabolism is the underlying reason for breast cancer progression. Decreased lactate dehydrogenase B(LDHB) has been detected in breast cancer but the function of LDHB remains unknown.Methods: Western blot was used to analyze LDHB expression in breast cancer cells. The impact of LDHB on tumor cell migration and invasion was determined using Transwell assays, wound healing assays, and a mouse lung metastasis model. Subcutaneous tumor formation, a natural killer(NK) cell cytotoxicity assay, and flow cytometry evaluated NK cell activation. Immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR detected NK cell activation markers. Kaplan-Meier analysis evaluated the effect of immune cell infiltration on prognosis. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis determined NK cell activation scores. A support vector machine predicted the role of LDHB in NK cell activation.Results: In this study we showed that LDHB inhibits the breast cancer cell metastasis and orchestrates metabolic reprogramming within tumor cells. Our results revealed that LDHB-mediated lactic acid clearance in breast cancer cells triggers NK cell activation within the tumor microenvironment. Our findings, which were confirmed in a murine model, demonstrated that LDHB in tumor cells promotes NK cell activation and ultimately results in the eradication of malignant cells. Clinically, our study further validated that LDHB affects immune cell infiltration and function. Specifically, its expression has been linked to enhanced NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and improved patient survival. Furthermore, we identified LDHB expression in tumors as an important predictor of NK cell activation, with strong predictive ability in some cancers.Conclusions: Our results suggest that LDHB is a promising target for activating the tumor immune microenvironment in breast cancer, where LDHB-associated lactic acid clearance leads to increased NK cell activity. This study highlights the critical role of LDHB in regulating immune responses and its potential as a therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Liver-resident NK cells suppress autoimmune cholangitis and limit the proliferation of CD4^(+) T cells

Liver-resident NK cells are distinct from conventional NK cells and play an important role in the maintenance of liver homeostasis.How liver-resident NK cells participate in autoimmune cholangitis remains unclear.Here,we extensively investigated the impact of NK cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune cholangitis utilizing the well-established dnTGFβRII cholangitis model,NK cell-deficient(Nfil3−/−)mice,adoptive transfer and in vivo antibody-mediated NK cell depletion.Our data demonstrated that disease progression was associated with a significantly reduced frequency of hepatic NK cells.Depletion of NK cells resulted in exacerbated autoimmune cholangitis in dnTGFβRII mice.We further confirmed that the DX5−CD11c^(hi) liver-resident NK cell subset colocalized with CD4^(+) T cells and inhibited CD4^(+) T cell proliferation.Gene expression microarray analysis demonstrated that liver-resident NK cells had a distinct gene expression pattern consisting of the increased expression of genes involved in negative regulatory functions in the context of the inflammatory microenvironment.

Relation between Neurotransmitters and NK Cells in Adrenal and Breast Cancer

Purpose: Data on microarray gene expression The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) provided information on gene expression. Transcription GEO provided two profiles of human NK cells from breast and adrenal tumors (GSE179509 and GSE143383). Data processing and normalization The Dseq2 tool in the R programming language was used to standardize the raw data from GEO. The following analyses were carried out: fold change and P-value analysis, volcano plot, network analysis, GEPIA, and David pathway analysis. In this paper, using Venny software, we discovered 2 genes that are shared by neurotransmitters and NK cells in breast cancer and adrenal cancer. Between these genes and the pathways, they are a part of, we discovered a network. Pathway analysis revealed that these genes are mostly linked to the neurotransmitter and apoptotic pathways. In breast and adrenal tumors, the genes HRH1 and GABRD were discovered to be connected to NK cells. In response to breast and adrenal tumors, almost all of these genes are effective. It is thus postulated that the diagnosis of breast and adrenal cancer may be affected by the up-or down-regulation of these genes. Methods: Microarray gene expression data gene expression data was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Transcription 2 profile data of human NK cells from human breast and adrenal cancers were obtained from GEO (GSE179509 and GSE143383). Processing and normalization of data the raw data from GEO were normalized with the Dseq2 package in the R software. Fold change and P value analysis, Volcano plot, network analysis, GEPIA, and David pathway analysis were performed. Results: In this article, we found genes common to neurotransmitters with NK cells in adrenal cancer and breast cancer with Venny program, resulting in 2 genes. We identified a network between these genes and pathways they belong to. Pathway analysis showed that these genes are mostly associated with apoptosis and neurotransmitters pathway. Conclusion: HRH1 and GABRD genes were found to be associated with NK cells in breast and adrenal cancers. Almost all these genes are effective in response to breast and adrenal cancers. Therefore, it is hypothesized that downregulation or upregulation of these genes may affect breast and adrenal cancer diagnosis.

鼻型结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤误诊为鼻窦炎眶周蜂窝织炎1例

1临床资料患者,男,34岁,因“鼻堵脓涕1月余伴右眼红肿2周”于门诊就诊。患者1个月前在劳累饮酒后出现双侧持续性鼻堵、黄脓涕,伴双侧额部头痛、右眼眶重度胀痛,需口服止痛药缓解疼痛。2周前右眼疼痛加重,伴视物稍模糊,无复视,伴发热,体温最高38.2℃。门诊初步疑诊“急性鼻窦炎眶周蜂窝织炎”收治入院。发病以来患者神清,精神可,食欲尚可,近6个月体重下降约30斤,夜间睡眠差,伴乏力。

细胞因子诱导的记忆样NK细胞与实体瘤免疫治疗的研究进展

自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK细胞)是一种先天性淋巴细胞,在抵御病毒感染和肿瘤侵袭中发挥着关键作用,是先天免疫系统的重要组成部分。NK细胞不具有抗原特异性,而近期的研究表明,NK细胞在半抗原暴露、病毒感染或联合细胞因子的激活后,表现出适应性和记忆样特征,后者可通过IL-12/15/18的短暂刺激诱导来实现。与正常NK细胞相比,这些细胞因子诱导的记忆样NK细胞能够长期增殖、存活,并且IFN-γ的产生及对肿瘤细胞的细胞毒性的效应器功能都得以增强,这使其成为肿瘤免疫治疗的优选细胞。在复发性/难治性急性髓系白血病的临床研究证明,细胞因子诱导的记忆样NK细胞过继性治疗是安全并有效的。细胞因子诱导的记忆样NK细胞已经开始肝癌等实体瘤的临床前研究,本文综述目前关于细胞因子诱导的记忆样NK细胞在实体瘤中的临床前研究的最新进展,为实体瘤免的疫治疗提供新思路。

miR-10b介导NKG2D调节脑胶质瘤细胞免疫效应的实验研究

目的:观察微小核糖核酸-10b(miR-10b)对脑胶质瘤细胞免疫效应的调节作用并探讨其作用机制。方法:取人脑胶质瘤细胞U251进行培养和传代,获得处于对数生长期的细胞。按照1.0×105个/ml浓度制备细胞悬液,并设置对照组、过表达组、低表达组、空白组,每组6个复孔。对照组、过表达组、低表达组分别采用脂质体转染法转染阴性对照、miR-10b模拟物、miR-10b抑制剂,空白组予以等量无菌生理盐水。分离和培养1例健康志愿者外周血自然杀伤(NK)细胞。MTT法检测不同效靶比时NK细胞的杀伤活性;流式细胞仪检测各组NK细胞表面NK细胞激活受体(NKG2D)表达,并检测各组人脑胶质瘤细胞U251表面主要组织相容性复合物Ⅰ链相关基因A(MICA)、UL16结合蛋白2(ULBP2)、UL16结合蛋白3(ULBP3)表达。结果:对照组、过表达组、低表达组转染效率分别为(93.55±2.05)%、(95.67±3.14)%、(94.18±3.26)%;与对照组和空白组相比,过表达组miR-10b表达升高,低表达组miR-10b表达降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且对照组和空白组miR-10b表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组和空白组相比,过表达组NK细胞不同效靶比杀伤活性均降低、NKG2D表达降低,低表达组NK细胞不同效靶比杀伤活性均增高、NKG2D表达增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),各组NK细胞杀伤活性均随效靶比增加而增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且对照组与空白组相比,相同效靶比NK细胞杀伤活性、NKG2D表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组和空白组相比,过表达组人脑胶质瘤细胞U251表面MICA、ULBP2、ULBP3表达均降低,低表达组人脑胶质瘤细胞U251表面MICA、ULBP2、ULBP3表达均增高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且对照组与空白组人脑胶质瘤细胞U251表面MICA、ULBP2、ULBP3表达差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:抑制miR-10b表达能够增加NK细胞表面NKG2D和人脑胶质瘤细胞U251表面MICA、ULBP2、ULBP3表达,增强NK细胞对人脑胶质瘤细胞U251的杀伤活性。

miRNA-155 Modulates the Malignant Biological Characteristics of NK/T-Cell Lymphoma Cells by Targeting FOXO3a Gene

This study investigated the effects of miRNA-155 on malignant biological characteristics of NK/T-cell lymphoma cell lines and the possible mechanism. The expression of miRNA-155 was detected in lymphoma cell lines from different sources （SNK-6, YTS, Jurkat and DOHH2） by real-time PCR. Lentiviral vectors （pLL3.7） that could overexpress or downexpress miRNA-155 were constructed. Recombinant lentiviral particles were prepared and purified, and their titers determined. The expression of miRNA-155 in the infected SNK-6 cells and the cell proliferation were detected by PCR and CCK-8, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis of infected SNK-6 cells. The target of miRNA155 was predicted from Targetscan website. The effect of miRNA155 on FOXO3a expression was examined by Western blotting. The results showed that among the human NK/T-cell lymphoma cell lines SNK-6, YTS, Jurkat and DOHH2, the expression of miRNA-155 was highest in SNK-6. The infection efficiency of the recombinant lentivirns in SNK-6 was more than 70% at multiplicity of infection （MOI） of 100. The expression of miRNA-155 was significantly increased in SNK-6 cells infected by lentivirus vectors with high expression of miRNA-155 （4 times higher than the control group）, and profoundly decreased in those infected with lentivirnses with low expression of miRNA-155. The proliferation of letivirns-infected SNK-6 cells was decreased as the expression of miRNA-155 reduced. The apoptosis rate was increased with the reduction in the expression of miRNA-155. FOXO3a was found to be a possible target of miRNA155, as suggested by Targetscan website. Western blotting showed that the expression of FOXO3a was significantly elevated in SNK-6 cells with miRNA-155 inhibition. It was concluded that reduction in miRNA-155 expression can inhibit the proliferation of SNK-6 lymphoma cells and promote their apoptosis, which may be associated with regulation of FOXO3a gene.

Internalization of NK cells into tumor cells requires ezrin and leads to programmed cell-in-cell death

Cytotoxic lymphocytes are key players in the orchestration of immune response and elimination of defective cells. We have previously reported that natural killer （NK） cells enter target tumor ceils, leading to either target cell death or self-destruction within tumor cells. However, it has remained elusive as to the fate of NK cells after internalization and whether the heterotypic cell-in-cell process is different from that of the homotypic cell-in-cell event recently named entosis. Here, we show that NK cells undergo a cell-in-cell process with the ultimate fate of apoptosis within tumor cells and reveal that the internalization process requires the actin cytoskeletal regulator, ezrin. To visualize how NK cells enter into tumor cells, we carried out real-time dual color imaging analyses of NK cell internalization into tumor cells. Surprisingly, most NK cells commit to programmed cell death after their entry into tumor cells, which is distinctively different from entosis observed in the homotypic cell-in-cell process. The apoptotic cell death of the internalized NK cells was evident by activation of caspase 3 and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, NK cell death after internalization is attenuated by the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, confirming apoptosis as the mode of NK cell death within tumor cells. To determine protein factors essential for the entry of NK cells into tumor cells, we car- ried out siRNA-based knockdown analysis and discovered a critical role of ezrin in NK cell internalization. Impor- tantly, PKA-mediated phosphorylation of ezrin promotes the NK cell internalization process. Our findings suggest a novel regulatory mechanism by which ezrin governs NK cell internalization into tumor cells.

Effects of transferred NK4 gene on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human prostate cancer DU145 cells

We investigated the ability of NK4, an antagonist of human hepatocyte growth factor （HGF）, to inhibit the influence of HGF on proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis of human prostate cancer cells. Expression vector pBudCE4.1-EGFP-NK4 containing NK4 cDNA was used to transfect human prostate cancer DU145 cells, and the effects of the autocrine NK4 on tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were assessed in vitro. in vivo, we subcutaneously implanted DU145 cells, mock-transfected clone （DU145/empty vector） cells and NK4- transfected clone （DU145/NK4） cells into nude mice, and then evaluated tumor growth, cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in vivo. We found that DU145/NK4 cells expressed NK4 protein. In the in vitro study, autocrine NK4 at- tenuated the HGF-induced tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and stimulated apoptosis. Furthermore, autocrine NK4 effectively inhibited the HGF-induced phosphorylation of c-Met, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 （ERK1）. and protein kinase B 1/2 （Aktl/2）. Histological examination revealed that autocrine NK4 inhibited prolifera- tion and accelerated apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. These results show that genetic modification of DU145 cells with NK4 cDNA yields a significant effect on their proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Molecular targeting of HGF/c-Met by NK4 could be applied as a novel therapeutic approach to prostate cancer.

误诊为丹毒的结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤一例

结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(ENKTL)是一种罕见的侵袭性非霍奇金淋巴瘤亚型。本文报道以面部肿胀为表现的结外NKT细胞淋巴瘤一例,患者曾多次被误诊为“丹毒、蜂窝组织炎”等,最终通过病理、免疫组化等检查确诊,给予DDGP方案(培门冬酶、吉西他滨、顺铂、地塞米松)化疗,随访9个月患者恢复良好。

^(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像组学预测结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤预后的价值

目的探讨^(18)F-FDG PET/CT影像组学模型对结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(ENKTL)无事件生存期的预测价值。资料与方法回顾性收集2013年1月—2021年1月于河南省人民医院治疗前行^(18)F-FDG PET/CT检查的ENKTL患者90例,随机分为训练组63例和验证组27例。从基线PET和CT图像上提取特征,应用最小绝对收缩和选择算子算法结合Cox生存分析筛选特征并构建临床模型、影像组学模型和临床+影像组学复合模型,以模型风险评分的中位数作为截断值将患者分为高危组和低危组。使用C指数和受试者工作特征曲线评价3个模型的预测性能。基于最优模型构建列线图,采用校准曲线描述最优模型预测ENKTL患者生存概率与实际概率的一致性,使用Kaplan-Meier分析和对数秩检验评估最优模型的预后价值。结果复合模型在训练组(C指数0.791,95%CI 0.702~0.879,曲线下面积为0.882)和验证组(C指数0.770,95%CI 0.650~0.889,曲线下面积为0.720)中比单独的临床模型和影像组学模型的预后表现更好。校准曲线表明复合模型在预测3年无事件生存期概率与实际结果的一致性较好,生存曲线显示高危组的无事件生存期显著低于低危组。结论基于影像组学和临床参数构建的复合模型可以提供更全面的预后信息并提高诊断准确性。列线图为ENKTL患者的风险分层提供了一种无创的诊断工具,有助于个体化治疗。

异常表达CD20的结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤病理特点分析并文献复习

目的探索异常表达CD20的结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的病理形态特点、诊断要点及鉴别诊断。方法分析3例异常表达CD20的结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤,结合病理形态特点、免疫表型及与其他形态学特点和免疫表型类似的淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断,并进行文献复习。结果异常表达CD20的结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤形态学特点与普通型结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤类似,免疫表型表现为部分T细胞标记阳性、CD56、细胞毒标记物、EBER ISH阳性、CD20弱-中等阳性,其余B细胞标记物CD79a、PAX-5均为阴性。其中2例肿瘤细胞阳性表达CD8。结论异常表达CD20的结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤是一种罕见免疫表型的NK细胞源性淋巴瘤,需要综合分析抗体表达情况及和其他淋巴瘤进行鉴别诊断,免疫组织化学染色阳性模式以及多抗体联合应用对于明确诊断有重要作用。

以口腔黏膜溃疡为首发表现的结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的多学科诊疗1例

结外鼻型NK/T细胞淋巴瘤(extranodal nasal type NK/T-cell lymphoma,ENKTL)是一种以破坏面部中份结构为主的NK/T细胞来源的非霍奇金淋巴瘤,临床少见。以口腔黏膜溃疡为首发症状的病例罕见且易与其他疾病相混淆,在诊断上极其困难。本文报道1例以颊黏膜及牙龈溃疡为首发表现的ENKTL的多学科诊疗,并分析该疾病的临床病理学特征、诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗,以期为临床诊治相关病例提供参考。

NK细胞代谢途径及其功能

NK细胞是固有免疫系统的重要成员,在免疫应答中发挥关键作用。NK细胞激活主要依赖于其表面表达的活化性受体和抑制性受体间的动态平衡。然而,在许多慢性疾病模型中,NK细胞受体表达失衡,导致杀伤活性及细胞因子产生能力降低,处于免疫失活状态。近年许多研究表明,胞内代谢对包括NK细胞在内的免疫细胞至关重要,代谢改变能够通过影响细胞发育、增殖和活性等调节免疫细胞效应功能发挥。鉴于NK细胞强大的抗肿瘤和抗病毒功能及其重要的临床应用价值,深入研究其代谢特征及机制具有重要意义。本文主要从NK细胞的代谢方式及其相关调控通路、代谢对NK细胞发育、记忆和功能的调控作用以及基于代谢的NK细胞疗法进行综述,阐述代谢对NK细胞生物合成、体内稳定及效应功能的重要作用,以及不同慢性疾病模型中NK细胞失活的代谢相关因素,为NK细胞治疗的临床应用提供坚实的研究依据。

NK细胞免疫治疗恶性肿瘤的研究进展

细胞免疫治疗是针对自身免疫细胞能力低下的恶性肿瘤患者进行的一种新型补充疗法,包括基于T细胞的嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)疗法、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TILs)疗法,基于NK细胞的嵌合抗原受体NK细胞(CAR-NK)疗法和自体细胞免疫疗法(CIK),还有基于其他免疫细胞如单核吞噬细胞,包括树突状细胞和巨噬细胞的输注治疗。其中,自然杀伤细胞(nature killer cell,NK细胞)作为机体天然免疫的重要细胞,在机体抗肿瘤、抗病毒感染、免疫调节中发挥着重要作用。它可以像T细胞一样通过工程化改造后靶向治疗肿瘤,还能够进行同种异体来源的NK细胞输注治疗,弥补了T细胞自体来源受限和异体免疫排斥的缺点。研究证实,输注异体NK细胞的患者不会发生严重的移植物抗宿主病(graft versus host disease,GVHD)。NK细胞不仅扩大了用于细胞免疫治疗的细胞种类,还为形成较低成本的细胞免疫治疗产品提供了广阔应用前景。但是目前仍存在NK细胞质量不稳定,制备流程缺乏统一质量标准等问题,虽有部分NK细胞免疫治疗产品已经获得了美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)或国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration,NMPA)的批准,但仍然没有明确公开的NK细胞免疫治疗产品的规范生产体系。本文从NK细胞独特的免疫调节作用机制出发,综合近年研究者利用NK细胞在恶性肿瘤治疗上应用的治疗策略和临床前研究及临床试验的最新进展,最终落脚于NK细胞的体外扩增办法及活性功能维持的研究进展上,表明NK细胞有望形成质量统一的细胞免疫治疗产品。

白细胞滤器中的NK及T细胞回收数量及其相关因素研究

目的为了探索白细胞滤器中NK及T细胞回收数量及其相关因素,本项目将分析来源于白细胞滤器及全血的NK细胞及T细胞的数量,并进一步分析白细胞滤器来源的与全血来源的细胞数量是否与年龄、性别等因素相关。方法2023年7月—2024年6月于深圳市血液中心共收集51名重复献血者的全血样本及白细胞滤器(400 mL)。通过PBS缓冲液冲洗白细胞滤器得到白细胞,通过血细胞分析仪分别对来源全血及白细胞滤器来源的细胞进行计数,密度梯度离心法分离得到单个核细胞,流式细胞术分别检测两组来源的CD3-CD56+NK、CD3+CD4+T、CD3+CD8+T细胞的比例,GraphPad Prism 9.0软件进行统计分析。结果细胞计数结果显示,在一定量的冲洗液范围内,白细胞滤器来源的总淋巴细胞数量随着冲洗液体积的增多而增多,但细胞密度随着冲洗液的增多而降低。且白细胞滤器中的总淋巴细胞数量在不同年龄和不同性别的献血者中并未体现出明显的统计学差异(P>0.05)。细胞数量与细胞比例的结果通过计算可知,来源于白细胞滤器的CD3-CD56+NK细胞数量在不同年龄组间存在差异(P<0.05),而在性别分组中未见明显差异(P>0.05)。而来源全血的男性CD3-CD56+NK细胞数量要明显高于女性(P>0.05)。无论是来源白细胞滤器还是全血的CD3+CD4+T细胞、CD3+CD8+T细胞数量在不同年龄组和性别组中都未见明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论在一定量的冲洗液范围内,来源白细胞滤器的总淋巴细胞数量与冲洗液的体积相关,CD3+CD4+T细胞、CD3+CD8+T细胞的数量与献血者年龄、性别无明显相关,而CD3-CD56+NK细胞数量与献血者年龄相关。

NK细胞疗法在多发性骨髓瘤治疗中的研究进展

多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是以骨髓中单克隆浆细胞的恶性增殖为特征的血液系统肿瘤。NK细胞是一类具有强大自然杀伤活性的先天性淋巴细胞,能够识别并消灭肿瘤细胞和病毒感染细胞,其作为潜在的抗癌疗法引起关注。在MM患者中,NK细胞的数量和功能均受到抑制,导致对骨髓瘤细胞的免疫监视和清除能力降低。恢复或增强NK细胞对骨髓瘤细胞的杀伤作用是MM免疫治疗的一个重要策略,目前针对NK细胞相关治疗在临床试验中取得了一定进展。本文对NK细胞在MM免疫治疗中应用前景的最新研究进展作一综述。

基于自然杀伤(NK)细胞的肝癌免疫疗法研究进展

肝细胞肝癌(HCC)异质性高,晚期诊断和化疗耐药使其成为我国难治性肿瘤之一。自然杀伤(NK)细胞在机体的免疫监视过程中充当重要角色。但在肝癌的进展过程中,NK细胞的功能受损致肿瘤免疫逃逸。该文总结了HCC中基于NK细胞的不同免疫治疗策略,包括直接输注过继性NK细胞免疫疗法、基因工程NK细胞免疫疗法、靶向NK细胞受体免疫疗法、改变免疫抑制微环境免疫疗法、细胞因子增强NK细胞肿瘤毒性免疫疗法以及中医药增强NK细胞肿瘤毒性免疫疗法,这些基于NK细胞的免疫治疗策略已显示出巨大的治疗潜力。

IRE1α/Xbp1s靶向调控NKp46改善NK细胞杀伤功能清除HIV感染细胞的思路探析

自然杀伤细胞的杀伤活性无MHC限制,不依赖抗体,是抵御肿瘤和病毒感染的第一道防线。肿瘤或慢性病毒感染后,固有免疫NK细胞与适应性免疫T细胞共同发挥免疫功能对抗肿瘤及感染,但由于免疫系统无法迅速根除病灶,免疫细胞内质网稳态被打破,使其无法发挥正常的免疫杀伤及清除功能,导致病情迅速恶化甚至死亡。NKp46是仅表达在NK细胞上的特异性活化受体,它直接影响NK细胞的活化程度与杀伤作用的强弱。艾滋病是一种目前无法根治的慢性传染病之一,病毒持续感染引起NK细胞内质网应激,IRE1α/Xbp1s信号通路的启动导致NKp46蛋白翻译大部分被抑制,影响NK细胞活化发挥功能,因此基于IRE1α/Xbp1s靶向调控NKp46寻求改善NK细胞杀伤功能的新靶点成为研究的新思路。