Impacts of household living consumption on energy use and carbon emissions in China based on the input–output model

China must urgently accelerate its decrease of energy use,optimize its energy structure,reduce CO2 emissions,and promote the early realization of an ecological civilization.Simultaneously,meeting the growing consumer demand is one of the reasons for the increase in energy use.This study investigates the impacts of household consumption on energy use and CO2 emissions from the perspective of the lifestyle of Chinese residents.On the basis of the input–output model of 30 provinces,we analyze the current situation of energy use and CO2 emissions in different regions(spatial scale)with economic development and income improvement(time scale),investigate the pulling effect of household consumption in different provinces on industrial sectors,examine the influencing factors of indirect CO2 emissions from food,clothing,housing,and transportation in key regions,and explore the policy implications of the transition to a low-carbon lifestyle in different provinces.Results show that the fuel structure of Chinese residents should be optimized further.Total household energy consumption and total CO2 emissions considerably increased.In 2012,total household energy consumption accounted for nearly 30%of total energy consumption,while indirect CO2 emissions accounted for 66.3%of total household emissions.With regard to the structures of indirect household energy consumption,the housing sector accounted for the largest proportion,reaching 23.4%in indirect energy consumption in 2012.The pulling effect of the housing sector on industrial sectors was also evident.The decomposition analysis showed that the rapid increase in indirect household CO2 emissions was primarily due to the increase in per capita living expenditure.The consumption structures in different provinces produced various impacts,and the energy intensity effect was identified as an important factor for reducing indirect household CO2 emissions.

Study on Water Consumption Coefficient of People's Living and Its Regional Disparity in the North of China

By employing the information-reshufflingmethod that integrates census data, precipitation dataand inquiry data of water consumption, this paperdiscusses 5 (water consumption coefficient of people’sliving) in allusion to different precipitation zones anddifferent periods of time. The study shows that 5-(water consumption coefficient of urban people’sliving), 5. (water consumption coefficient of ruralpeople’s living) and increase with time passing, andthe increasing extent of 5 is 1.84, 2.62, 2.84 and 2.68times respectively from the west to the east, whichresults from the total quantity of water resources andthe speed of urbanization. 5- and 5. of eachprecipitation zone increased with 5- increasing morequickly than 5., and the difference between the twoalso increased when time passed. In the past fifty years(1950-2000), the increasing extent of 5- was 1.71,2.96, 2.41 and 2.33 times respectively from the westto the east, in which 200-400mm precipitation zoneincreased more than others. Meanwhile the increasingextent of 5. is 1.55, 1.60, 1.53 and 1.64 timesrespectively from the west to the east with eachprecipitation zone increasing similarly. The change of5-is due to the speed of urbanization and the stabilityof water resources. This study provides basis forcalculating the water demand of people’s living andrevealing the impact of water demand of people’s livingon ecological drought in different zones.

The Research Development of Respiratory Metabolism for Living Beings of Fishery Resources

[Objective]To describe the research development of respiratory metabolism for living beings of fishery resources home and abroad so as to provide reference for fishery production and management. [Method]Investigate research methods of respiratory metabolism about fish,shrimp, crab,shells and other living beings and analyze factors affecting their oxygen consumption rates and ammonia excretion rates according to research results of respiratory metabolism for living beings of fishery resources home and abroad. [Result] Respiratory metabolism is one of the important contents of bioenergetics research,an important part of energy balance research. It reflects not only the physiological status of living beings,but al- so the influence of environment condition on their physiological activities. Factors affecting respiratory metabolism are divided into biological factors and non-biological factors. By researching factors such as weight,temperature,activities,circadian rhythm,ingestion,Oxygen partial pressure and so on,we can evaluate respiratory metabolism of living beings of fishery resources. [Conclusion]Investigating from the individual physiology and e- cology to group physiology and ecology,the research provides data support for enhancement and releasing of sea ranch.