Objective: To explore the different effects of living high - training low and living low - training low on insulin sensitivity and cytokine secretion in obese children. Methods: A total of 218 obese children who were ...Objective: To explore the different effects of living high - training low and living low - training low on insulin sensitivity and cytokine secretion in obese children. Methods: A total of 218 obese children who were treated in this hospital between September 2015 and February 2018 were selected and randomly divided into the living high - training low group (n=109) and living low - training low group (n=109). Living high - training low group received living high- training low intervention, living low - training low group received living low - training low intervention, and the intervention of both groups lasted for 4 weeks. The differences in serum levels of insulin sensitivity-related indexes as well as the contents of appetite-related hormones and adipocytokines were compared between the two groups of children before intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention. Results: Before intervention, the levels of insulin sensitivity-related indexes as well as the contents of appetite-related hormones and adipocytokines in serum were not significantly different between the two groups of obese children. After 4 weeks of intervention, serum insulin sensitivity-related indexes ISI, FPIR and GDR levels of living high-training low group were higher than those of living low - training low group;appetite-related hormones CCK and PYY3-36 contents were higher than those of living low - training low group whereas Ghrelin content was lower than that of living low - training low group;adipocytokines omentin-1 and APN contents were higher than those of living low - training low group whereas chemerin and LEP contents were lower than those of living low - training low group. Conclusion: Compared with traditional living low - training low intervention, living high - training low intervention is more effective in improving the insulin sensitivity and balance the secretion of appetite-related hormones and adipocytokines in obese children.展开更多
Although scientific conclusions remain equivocal,there is evidence-based research,as well as anecdotal support,suggesting that altitude training can enhance performance among Olympic level athletes,particularly in end...Although scientific conclusions remain equivocal,there is evidence-based research,as well as anecdotal support,suggesting that altitude training can enhance performance among Olympic level athletes,particularly in endurance sport.This appears to be due primarily to hypoxia-induced increases in total hemoglobin mass and subsequent improvements in maximal oxygen uptake and other factors contributing to aerobic performance.Although less clear,it is possible that non-hematological adaptations may contribute secondarily to improvements in post-altitude performance.These physiological effects are most likely realized when the altitude exposure is of sufficient“hypoxic dose”to provide the necessary stimuli for performance-affecting changes to occur via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α(HIF-2α)pathways and their downstream molecular signaling.Team USA has made a strong commitment over the past 20 years to utilizing altitude training for the enhancement of performance in elite athletes in preparation for the Olympic Games and World Championships.Team USA’s strongest medal-producing Olympic sports-USA Swimming and USA Track and Field-embraced altitude training several years ago,and they continue to be leaders within Team USA in the practical and successful application of altitude training.Whereas USA Swimming utilizes traditional“live high and train high”(LH+TH)altitude training,USA Track and Field tends more toward the use of the altitude training strategy whereby athletes live high(and potentially sleep higher,either naturally or via simulated altitude),while training high during moderate-intensity(<lactate threshold 2)training sessions,and train low during high-intensity(>lactate threshold 2)training sessions(LH+TH_([<LT])+TL_([>LT])).Although USA Swim-ming and USA Track and Field have taken different approaches to altitude training,they have been equally successful at the Olympic Games and World Championships,both teams being ranked first in the world based on medals earned in these major international competitions.In addition to USA Swimming and USA Track and Field,several other Team USA sports have had consistently competitive performance results in conjunction with regular and systematic altitude training blocks.The purpose of this paper was to describe select altitude training strategies used by Team USA athletes,and the impact of those strategies on podium performance at major international competitions,specifically the Olympic Games and World Championships.展开更多
文摘Objective: To explore the different effects of living high - training low and living low - training low on insulin sensitivity and cytokine secretion in obese children. Methods: A total of 218 obese children who were treated in this hospital between September 2015 and February 2018 were selected and randomly divided into the living high - training low group (n=109) and living low - training low group (n=109). Living high - training low group received living high- training low intervention, living low - training low group received living low - training low intervention, and the intervention of both groups lasted for 4 weeks. The differences in serum levels of insulin sensitivity-related indexes as well as the contents of appetite-related hormones and adipocytokines were compared between the two groups of children before intervention and after 4 weeks of intervention. Results: Before intervention, the levels of insulin sensitivity-related indexes as well as the contents of appetite-related hormones and adipocytokines in serum were not significantly different between the two groups of obese children. After 4 weeks of intervention, serum insulin sensitivity-related indexes ISI, FPIR and GDR levels of living high-training low group were higher than those of living low - training low group;appetite-related hormones CCK and PYY3-36 contents were higher than those of living low - training low group whereas Ghrelin content was lower than that of living low - training low group;adipocytokines omentin-1 and APN contents were higher than those of living low - training low group whereas chemerin and LEP contents were lower than those of living low - training low group. Conclusion: Compared with traditional living low - training low intervention, living high - training low intervention is more effective in improving the insulin sensitivity and balance the secretion of appetite-related hormones and adipocytokines in obese children.
文摘Although scientific conclusions remain equivocal,there is evidence-based research,as well as anecdotal support,suggesting that altitude training can enhance performance among Olympic level athletes,particularly in endurance sport.This appears to be due primarily to hypoxia-induced increases in total hemoglobin mass and subsequent improvements in maximal oxygen uptake and other factors contributing to aerobic performance.Although less clear,it is possible that non-hematological adaptations may contribute secondarily to improvements in post-altitude performance.These physiological effects are most likely realized when the altitude exposure is of sufficient“hypoxic dose”to provide the necessary stimuli for performance-affecting changes to occur via hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)and hypoxia-inducible factor 2α(HIF-2α)pathways and their downstream molecular signaling.Team USA has made a strong commitment over the past 20 years to utilizing altitude training for the enhancement of performance in elite athletes in preparation for the Olympic Games and World Championships.Team USA’s strongest medal-producing Olympic sports-USA Swimming and USA Track and Field-embraced altitude training several years ago,and they continue to be leaders within Team USA in the practical and successful application of altitude training.Whereas USA Swimming utilizes traditional“live high and train high”(LH+TH)altitude training,USA Track and Field tends more toward the use of the altitude training strategy whereby athletes live high(and potentially sleep higher,either naturally or via simulated altitude),while training high during moderate-intensity(<lactate threshold 2)training sessions,and train low during high-intensity(>lactate threshold 2)training sessions(LH+TH_([<LT])+TL_([>LT])).Although USA Swim-ming and USA Track and Field have taken different approaches to altitude training,they have been equally successful at the Olympic Games and World Championships,both teams being ranked first in the world based on medals earned in these major international competitions.In addition to USA Swimming and USA Track and Field,several other Team USA sports have had consistently competitive performance results in conjunction with regular and systematic altitude training blocks.The purpose of this paper was to describe select altitude training strategies used by Team USA athletes,and the impact of those strategies on podium performance at major international competitions,specifically the Olympic Games and World Championships.
