Relationship between Living Rate of Bud and Emergence Rate of Ratoon Rice and Characteristics of the First Cropping Mid-season Hybrid Rice

[Objective] The aim was to study the relationship of plant characters with bud living rate and mother stem emergence rate of ratoon rice before harvest. [Method] Eighteen mid-season hybrid rice cultivators approved recently were taken as materials and relationship of plant characters including bud living rate and moth- er stem emergence rate of ratoon rice before harvest was explored, based on relat- ed data. [Result] The shorter rice with lower harvesting index is the main character of high emergence rate for first cropping rice; decline of plant height and increase of ear-bearing percentage would improve emergence of regenerative seedlings. [Conclusion] The research provided scientific reference for breeding of rice cultivars with high regenerative capacity.

Cumulative live birth rates of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection after multiple complete cycles in China

There were few studies of cumulative live birth rates(CLBRs) based on multicenter reproductive clinical data from the general Chinese population.Here we report a retrospective cohort study,including 14 311 women with17 315 cycles,in three reproductive centers to evaluate two estimated parameters of CLBRs with multiple transfer cycles of in vitro fertilization(IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) in a Chinese population.We found that CLBRs were related to female age and endometrial thickness.By the fourth transfer cycle,the conservative and optimal estimates of CLBRs were 52.95% and 77.30% in women under 30 years of age,and 18.17% and26.51% in those 37 years of age or older,respectively.The two estimates were 44.70% and 63.15% in women with endometrial thickness more than 7 mm,and 32.05% and 46.18% in those with less than 7 mm,respectively.In addition,body mass index(BMI),duration of infertility,and infertility diagnoses may also be related to CLBRs on certain conditions.The findings from this study on CLBRs after multiple transfer cycles of IVF/ICSI treatment on different conditions in the Chinese population should be beneficial to both infertile couples and clinicians.

Effect of Dual Trigger In Vitro Fertilization and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection During the Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone-Antagonist Cycle on Final Oocyte Maturation and Cumulative Live Birth Rate in Women with Diminished Ovarian Reserve

Objective It is well known that a dual trigger treatment can improve clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization(IVF)in high or normal ovarian responders.However,it is not clear whether dual triggering also benefits patients with diminished ovarian reserve(DOR).The aim of this study was to investigate whether a dual trigger treatment of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist combined with human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)for final follicular maturation improves the cumulative live birth rate(CLBR)during the GnRH-antagonist cycle in patients with DOR.Methods This retrospective study included patients with DOR who received a GnRH-antagonist protocol during IVF and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF-ICSI)cycles at Peking University People’s Hospital from January 1,2017 through December 31,2017.Oocyte maturation was triggered by GnRH combined with hCG(n=110)or hCG alone(n=71).Embryos were transferred on the third day after oocyte retrieval or during a subsequent freeze-thaw cycle.Patients were followed up for 3 years.Results The dual trigger treatment did not affect CLBR,which is an overall determinant of the success rate of assisted reproductive technology(ART).Women in the dual trigger group had significantly higher rates of fertilization than those in the hCG group(90.1%vs.83.9%,P=0.040).Conclusion Dual trigger with GnRH agonist and hCG did not improve CLBR in patients with DOR,but did slightly improve fertilization rate,oocyte count,and embryo quality.

Role of ICSI in Non-male Factor Cycles as the Number of Oocytes Retrieved Decreases from Four to One

This study aimed to investigate whether intracytoplasmic sperm injection（ICSI） shows an advantage over in vitro fertilization（IVF） in non-male factor cycles as the number of oocytes retrieved decreases from four to one.We undertook a retrospective analysis of 1305 IVF/ICSI cycles of non-male factor in which four or fewer oocytes were retrieved.Comparisons were made between conventional IVF（CI） and ICSI when one,two,three or four oocyte（s） were retrieved.Primary outcomes including normal fertilization rate,proportion of embryos per obtained oocyte,cycle cancellation rate,implantation rate,clinical pregnancy rate（PR）,live birth rate（LBR）,cumulative PR and cumulative LBR were evaluated.The results showed that the normal fertilization rate（72.5% vs.50.0%） and the proportion of embryos per obtained oocyte（72.5% vs.55.0%） were significantly increased in one oocyte retrieved cycles in ICSI group as compared with CI group.However,the proportion of embryos per obtained oocyte was markedly decreased in ICSI group when three（52.3% vs.61.3%） or four（56.9% vs.64.0%） oocytes were retrieved.The implantation rates,clinical PRs,LBRs,cumulative PRs and cumulative LBRs in CI group were comparable to those in ICSI group when one,two,three or four oocyte（s） were retrieved.In conclusion,ICSI doesn＇t show advantages over IVF in low oocyte yield cycles of non-male factors,even when only one oocyte was retrieved.Key words

Pregnancy Outcomes for Day 5 Versus Day 6 Single Frozen-thawed Blastocyst Transfer with Different Qualities of Embryos: A Large Matched-cohort Study

Objective This study aimed to determine whether the day of blastocyst expansion affects pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer(FBT)cycles.Methods A retrospective match-cohort study was conducted.Patients who underwent blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles at day 5 or 6 were matched for potential confounding factors.A total of 2207 matched pairs of FBT cycles were included from January 2016 to December 2019 in our Reproductive Medicine Center.Results The clinical pregnancy rate(CPR)and live birth rate(LBR)were significantly increased in day 5 blastocyst transfers when compared to day 6 blastocyst transfers,in terms of the same embryo quality.For FBT cycles with good-quality embryo,the CPR at day 5 and 6 was 61.30%and 57.56%,respectively(P=0.045),and the LBR was 44.79%and 36.16%,respectively(P<0.001).For FBT cycles with poor-quality embryo,the CPR at day 5 and 6 was 48.61%and 40.89%,respectively(P=0.006),and the LBR was 31.71%and 25.74%,respectively(P=0.019).The CPR for FBT cycles with good-quality embryo was statistically higher at day 6 than that at day 5 with poor-quality embryo transferred(57.56%vs.48.61%,P=0.001).Maternal age,anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH),endometrial thickness,embryo quality,and the day of blastocyst expansion were independently correlated with the CPR and LBR.The FBT cycles at day 5 had significantly higher CPR(adjusted odds ratio[OR]=1.246,95%confidence intervals[CI]:1.097–1.415,P=0.001)and LBR(adjusted OR=1.435,95%CI:1.258–1.637,P<0.001)than those at day 6.Conclusion The embryo quality is the primary indicator for FBT cycles.Day 5 blastocysts should be preferred when the quality of embryo at day 5 is the same as that at day 6.

Sperm DNA fragmentation does not affect the clinical outcomes in the cumulative transfers of an ICSI cycle along with blastocyst transfers in couples with normozoospermic male patients

Objective:To know whether sperm DNA fragmentation(SDF)affects the clinical outcomes in the cumulative transfers of an intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycle along with blastocyst transfers in couples with normozoospermic males.Methods:The study included 252 couples who underwent their first ICSI cycles along with blastocyst transfer and whose male partner semen samples were normozoospermic according to the World Health Organization 2010 criteria.All the couples were classified into two groups based on the SDF:the low SDF group(SDF≤30%,n=162)and the high SDF group(SDF>30%,n=90).Clinical as well as laboratory outcomes were correlated between the two groups.Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed on the post-wash semen samples by acridine orange test.The main outcome measures were the live birth rate and miscarriage rate.Results:A significant decrease in the live birth rates was observed in the high SDF group compared to the low SDF group in fresh embryo transfer cycles(P<0.05).However,no significant difference was observed in the clinical outcomes either in the frozen embryo transfer cycles or in the overall cumulative transfer cycles(P>0.05).No significant difference was observed in the laboratory outcomes between the two SDF groups.A remarkable decrease in sperm motility was observed in the high SDF group compared to the low SDF group(P<0.05).Conclusions:Sperm DNA fragmentation does not affect the clinical outcomes in the cumulative transfers of an ICSI cycle along with blastocyst transfers in couples with normozoospermic males.

Pregnancy outcomes following supplementation of single dose GnRH agonist to sustain the luteal phase in antagonist fresh embryo transfer cycles:A multicentric prospective cohort study

Objective:To determine whether a single dose of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH)agonist administered subcutaneously in addition to the regular progesterone supplementation could provide a better luteal support in antagonist protocol fresh embryo transfer cycles.Methods:This prospective,multicentric,cohort study included total 140 women,70 in each group.Controlled ovarian stimulation was carried out as per fixed GnRH antagonist protocol.The trigger was given with hCG.In vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI)was performed and day-3 embryos were transferred.Patients were divided into groups 1 and 2 based on computer generated randomization sheet.Six days following oocyte retrieval,group 1 received 0.2 mg decapeptyl subcutaneously in addition to regular progesterone support while group 2 received progesterone only.Luteal support was given for 14 days to both groups;if pregnancy was confirmed luteal support was continued till 12 weeks of gestation.The clinical pregnancy rate was the primary outcome.The implantation rate,miscarriage rate,live birth delivery rate,and multiple pregnancy rates were the secondary outcomes.Results:A total of 140 patients were analysed,70 in each group.Clinical pregnancy rates(47.1%vs.35.7%;P=0.17),implantation rates(23.4%vs.18.1%,P=0.24),live birth delivery rates(41.4%vs.27.1%,P=0.08),and multiple pregnancy rates(21.2%vs.16.0%,P=0.74)were higher in group 1 than in group 2.Group 1 had a lower miscarriage rate than group 2(5.7%vs.8.6%;P=0.75).However,these differences were not statistically significant between the two groups.Conclusions:Administration of a single dose of GnRH agonist in addition to regular natural micronized vaginal progesterone as luteal support in GnRH antagonist protocol cycles marginally improves implantation rates,clinical pregnancy rates,and live birth delivery rates.However,more studies with higher sample sizes are needed before any conclusive statements about GnRH agonist as luteal phase support can be made.

Intrauterine Insemination Treatment Strategy for Women over 35 Years Old： Based on a Large Sample Multi-center Retrospective Analysis

As we all known, maternal age and ovarian reserve are two of the most important prognosis i-hctors for fertility, in 1980, the study of Menken et al. showed the female fertility declined after 32 years old, especially after 37 years old.

Analysis of related factors affecting cumulative live birth rates of the first ovarian hyperstimulation in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycle: a population-based study from 17,978 women in China

Background:More and more scholars have called for the cumulative live birth rate(CLBR)of a complete ovarian stimulation cycle as a key indicator for assisted reproductive technology.This research aims to study the CLBR of the first ovarian hyperstimulation cycles and analyze the related prognosis factors that might affect the CLBR.Methods:Our retrospective study included first in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI)cycles performed between January 2013 to December 2014.A total of 17,978 couples of first ovarian hyperstimulation IVF/ICSI cycles were included.The study was followed up for 4 years to observe the CLBR.The multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the prognosis factor,P value of<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The cumulative pregnancy rate was 58.14%(10,452/17,978),and the CLBR was 49.66%(8928/17,978).The female age was younger in the live birth group when compared with the non-live birth group(30.81±4.05 vs.33.09±5.13,P<0.001).The average duration of infertility was shorter than the non-live birth cohort(4.22±3.11 vs.5.06±4.08,P<0.001).The preliminary gonadotropin used and the total number of gonadotropin used were lower in the live birth group when compared with the non-live birth group(both P<0.001).Meanwhile,the number of oocytes retrieved and transferrable embryos were both significantly higher in the live birth group(15.35±7.98 vs.11.35±7.60,P<0.001;6.66±5.19 vs.3.62±3.51,P<0.001,respectively).Conclusions:The women's age,body mass index,duration of infertility years,infertility factors,controlled ovarian hyperstimulation protocol,the number of acquired oocytes,and number of transferrable embryos are the prognosis factors that significantly affected the CLBR.

Magnetic-activated cell sorting of nonapoptotic spermatozoa with a high DNA fragmentation index improves the live birth rate and decreases transfer cycles of IVF/ICSI

The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of magnetic-activated cell sorting(MACS)in sperm preparation for male subjects with a sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI)≥30%.A total of 86 patients who had undergone their first long-term long protocol were selected.The protocol involved in vitro fertilization(IVF)and intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)cycles,and the patients were divided into the MACS or control groups.The MACS group included sperm samples analyzed with MACS that were combined with density gradient centrifugation(DGC)and the swim-up(SU)technique(n=39),and the control group included sperm samples prepared using standard techniques(DGC and SU;n=41).No differences were noted with regard to basic clinical characteristics,number of oocytes retrieved,normal fertilization rate,cleavage rate,or transplantable embryo rate between the two groups in IVF/ICSI.In addition,the clinical pregnancy and implantation rates of the first embryo transfer cycles indicated no significant differences between the two groups.However,there was a tendency to improve the live birth rate(LBR)of the first embryo transfer cycle(63.2%vs 53.9%)and the cumulative LBR(79.5%vs 70.7%)in the MACS group compared with the control group.Moreover,the number of transferred embryos(mean±standard deviation[s.d.]:1.7±0.7 vs 2.3±1.6)and the transfer number of each retrieved cycle(mean±s.d.:1.2±0.5 vs 1.6±0.8)were significantly lower in the MACS group than those in the control group.Thus,the selection of nonapoptotic spermatozoa by MACS for higher sperm DFI could improve assisted reproductive clinical outcomes.

Prediction of Cumulative Live Birth Rate in Women Aged 40 Years and Over Undergoing In vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

Objective:To investigate cumulative live birth rate (cLBR) per oocyte retrieval in infertile patients aged 40 years and over undergoing their first in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles and to identify the possible predictors.Methods:A total of 1,613 patients at a university hospital in China from January 2013 to May 2017 were enrolled in this retrospective study.All data for fresh and subsequent frozen-thawed cycles were analyzed.Multivariate logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection of possible predictors for cLBR was performed,and Loess curve was constructed to determine the association between cLBR and the number of oocytes retrieved.Results:cLBR significantly increased with the number of oocytes retrieved and reached up to 75% when > 20 oocytes were retrieved (P<0.001).Variables of antral follicle count (AFC) and the number of oocytes retrieved were selected using multiple logistic regression analysis with stepwise selection to predict the significance of cLBR.cLBR demonstrated an obvious upward trend as the number of oocytes retrieval increased in the Loess curve.Conclusions:For patients aged 40 years and over,AFC and the number of oocytes retrieved were two key predictors for cLBR and maximization of ovarian reserve exploitation was pivotal to increase the chance of live birth.

The interaction effect between advanced paternal age and paternal obesity is associated with the low implantation rate in couples with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss

Objective:To explore the roles of advanced paternal age(APA)and abnormal paternal weight on embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes for unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss(uRPL)couples who underwent preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies(PGT-A).Methods:This study included 779 uRPL couples who underwent their first PGT-A cycles between 2014 and 2018.Male patients’aging and nutritional status were quantified by paternal age and body mass index(BMI).Routine semen parameters and sperm DNA fragmentation index(DFI)were used to reflect the seminal quality.Blastocyst formation rate and aneuploidy rate were used to reflect the embryo quality.Cycle cancellation rate,implantation rate,pregnancy loss rate,and live birth rate were measured to evaluate the treatment efficiency from IVF.To remove the interference of maternal age,only the women younger than 38 years old were included.After univariate screening,interaction tests were performed in a generalized linear model(GLM)to further examine the effects of paternal age and BMI on each outcome indicator.Results:In the total population(779 cycles),there were no statistical differences in aneuploidy rate,cycle cancellation rate,implantation rate,pregnancy loss rate,and live birth rate,whether stratified by paternal age or paternal BMI.Similar results occurred in the younger men(<40 y.o.,633 cycles).Conversely,among the men with advanced age(≥40 y.o.,146 cycles),there were statistical differences between the three BMI groups in four semen parameters(total sperm number,total motility,progressive motility,and total motile sperm count),implantation rate,and live birth rate.After interaction testing,the results of GLM suggested that the interaction effect between APA and paternal obesity was associated with the low implantation rate of uRPL couples.Conclusions:For the uRPL couples seeking for PGT-A treatment,if the male patients have both advanced age and obesity,their spouses are at higher risks for embryo implantation failure.

Effect of male HBV infection on the outcomes of IVF/ICSI cycles:a retrospective cohort study based on propensity score matching

This study aimed to investigate the effects of male hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection on male fertility,embryonic development,and in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI)outcomes.We performed a retrospective cohort study that included 3965 infertile couples who received fresh embryo transfer cycles for the first time at the Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital(Fuzhou,China)from January 2018 to January 2021.Infertile couples were categorized based on their HBV infection status into the HBV group(HBV-positive men and HBV-negative women)and the control group(HBV-negative couples).A 1:1 propensity score matching was performed with relatively balanced covariates.Baseline characteristics,semen parameters,laboratory outcomes,clinical outcomes,and obstetric and neonatal outcomes were compared between groups.After propensity score matching,821 couples were included in each group.Both groups had similar semen parameters and obstetric and neonatal outcomes.The HBV group showed a significantly lower live birth rate than the control group(P<0.05).The HBV group had a significantly higher abortion rate than the control group(P<0.05).The rates of high-quality embryos and blastocyst formation were significantly lower in the HBV group than those in the control group(both P<0.05).In conclusion,in couples who undergo IVF/ICSI,male HBV infection reduces the live birth rate and increases the risk of miscarriage.However,the incidence of low birth weight in women with IVF/ICSI does not increase with male HBV infection.

Acupuncture improves the live birth of patients with repeated implantation failure: a retrospective cohort study

OBJECTIVE:To explore the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture treatment on repeated implantation failure(RIF)patients with cryo-thawed embryo transfer(CET).METHODS:In a retrospective cohort study,all eligible women undergoing RIF were recruited in our center from January 1,2018 to December 31,2021.The patients were grouped by whether an acceptance of acupuncture treatment before CET,including the acupuncture group(Acu-group,55 cycles)and control group(Con-group,244 cycles).Data were analyzed by using binary logistic regression to explore the relationship of acupuncture treatment with pregnancy outcomes.RESULTS:The Acu-group had higher live-birth rate(LBR)[54.5%vs 41.0%,respectively;odds ratio(OR)=1.105,95%confidence interval(CI)(1.029,1.187),P=0.006]and ongoing pregnancy rate(OPR)[56.4%vs 43.0%,respectively;OR=1.100,95%CI(1.025,1.181),P=0.008]than the Con-group.There were no significant between-group differences in the rates of implantation[OR=1.070,95%CI(0.996,1.149),P=0.064],clinical pregnancy[OR=1.065,95%CI(0.997,1.138),P=0.061],biochemical pregnancy[OR=1.002,95%CI(0.903,1.112),P=0.967],or miscarriage[OR=0.778,95%CI(0.551,1.099),P=0.155].Perinatal outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups.CONCLUSIONS:Acupuncture treatment could improve the LBR and OPR in RIF patients with CET cycles,suggesting a potential adjuvant therapy of acupuncture to improve the pregnancy outcomes in RIF patients.

In vitro fertilization-embryo transfer in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss

Background:Empiric therapy for patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss(URPL)is not precise.Some patients will ask for assisted reproductive technology due to secondary infertility or advanced maternal age.The clinical outcomes of URPL patients who have undergonein vitro fertilization-embryo transfer(IVF-ET)require elucidation.The IVF outcome and influencing factors of URPL patients need further study.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was designed,and 312 infertile patients with URPL who had been treated during January 2012 to December 2015 in the Reproduction Center of Peking University Third Hospital were included.By comparing clinical outcomes between these patients and those with tubal factor infertility(TFI),the factors affecting the clinical outcomes of URPL patients were analyzed.Results:The clinical pregnancy rate(35.18%vs.34.52%in fresh ET cycles,P=0.877;34.48%vs.40.27%in frozen-thawed ET cycles,P=0.283)and live birth rate(LBR)in fresh ET cycles(27.67%vs.26.59%,P=0.785)were not significantly different between URPL group and TFI group.URPL group had lower LBR in frozen-thawed ET cycles than that of TFI group(23.56%vs.33.56%,P=0.047),but the cumulative LBRs(34.69%vs.38.26%,P=0.368)were not significantly different between the two groups.The increased endometrial thickness(EMT)on the human chorionic gonadotropin day(odds ratio[OR]:0.848,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.748-0.962,P=0.010)and the increased number of eggs retrieved(OR:0.928,95%CI:0.887-0.970,P=0.001)were protective factors for clinical pregnancy in stimulated cycles.The increased number of eggs retrieved(OR:0.875,95%CI:0.846-0.906,P<0.001),the increased two-pronucleus rate(OR:0.151,95%CI:0.052-0.437,P<0.001),and increased EMT(OR:0.876,95%CI:0.770-0.997,P=0.045)in ET day were protective factors for the cumulative live birth outcome.Conclusion:After matching ages,no significant differences in clinical outcomes were found between the patients with URPL and the patients with TFI.A thicker endometrium and more retrieved oocytes increase the probability of pregnancy in fresh transfer cycles,but a better normal fertilization potential will increase the possibility of a live birth.

Effect of Acupuncture on Outcomes of in vitro Fertilisation:A Scoping Review

Objectives:To identify,examine and summarize the available evidence on the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for in vitro fertilisation(IVF)outcomes.Methods:Eight electronic databases,including Pub Med,EMBASE,Cochrane Database of Systematic Review,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Database,Chinese Biomedical Database and VIP Database,were searched,supplemented by manual searches.Two researchers independently conducted the literature screening,data extraction,and methodological quality assessments.A narrative description was provided to show the general information and specific characteristics of the included studies.A bubble plot was used to visually display the overall effects of acupuncture on IVF outcomes.Results:Eighty-two studies were identified,including 64 primary studies and 18 systematic reviews.Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation,electric acupuncture and manual acupuncture were applied in most studies and compared with no acupuncture,sham acupuncture and placebo acupuncture control groups.Sixty-three(98.4%)primary studies reported clinical pregnancy rate,and positive effects of acupuncture were found in 34 studies(54.0%).Live birth rate was reported in only 18(28.1%)primary studies,of which 10(55.6%)showed positive results.In addition,only 8 and 2 systematic reviews showed that acupuncture could increase clinical pregnancy events and live birth events,respectively.However,none of these reviews was of high methodological quality.Conclusions:Available evidence suggests that acupuncture therapy could improve clinical pregnancy rates.However,whether acupuncture could increase live birth events was difficult to determine based on the few studies that have reported this outcome indicator.Furthermore,the methodological quality of most systematic reviews was assessed as critically low or low.Studies with a rigorous design and standardized implementation should be performed to refine the available evidence.

Reproductive outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection using testicular sperm and ejaculated sperm in patients with AZFc microdeletions:a systematic review and meta-analysis

Studies have explored the assisted reproductive technology(ART)outcomes of Y-chromosome azoospermia factor c(AZFc)microdeletions,but the effect of sperm source on intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI)remains unknown.To determine the ART results of ICSI using testicular sperm and ejaculated sperm from males with AZFc microdeletions,we searched Embase,Web of Science,and PubMed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis.The first meta-analysis results for 106 cycles in five studies showed no significant differences in the live birth rate between the testicular sperm group and the ejaculated sperm group(risk ratio:0.97,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.73-1.28,P=0.82).The second meta-analysis of 106 cycles in five studies showed no difference in the abortion rate between the testicular sperm group and ejaculated sperm group(risk ratio:1.06,95%Cl:0.54-2.06,P=0.87).The third meta-analysis of 386 cycles in seven studies showed no significant difference in clinical pregnancy rates between the testicular sperm group and the ejaculated sperm group(risk ratio:1.24,95%Cl:0.66-2.34,P=0.50).Inevitable heterogeneity weakened our results.However,our results indicated that testicular sperm and ejaculated sperm yield similar ART outcomes,representing a meaningful result for clinical treatment.More properly designed studies are needed to further confirm our conclusions.

Propensity score-matched study and meta-analysis of cumulative outcomes of day 2/3 versus day 5/6 embryo transfers

The superiority of the cumulative outcomes of day 5/6 embryo transfer to those of day 2/3 embryo transfer in infertile couples has been debated. This retrospective study included data collected from 1051 patients from July 2011 to June 2014. Multiple maternal baseline covariates were subjected to propensity score matching analysis, and each day 5/6 group woman was matched to one day 2/3 group woman. A systematic meta-analysis was conducted to vaUdate the results. After matching was completed, 217 patients on the day 2/3 group were matched with those on the day 5/6 group, and no significant differences in the baseline characteristics were observed between the two groups. The cumulative pregnancy rate （57.14% vs. 53.46%, OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.79-1.70） and cumulative live birth rate （53.00% vs. 49.77%, OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.78-1.66） of day 5/6 embryo transfers were higher than those of day 2/3 embryo transfers, but this difference was not significant. The mean cycles per live birth and mean days per live birth in the day 5/6 group were significantly lower than those in the day 2/3 group. This study demonstrated that day 5/6 embryo transfer is a more cost-effective and time-efficient policy than day 2/3 embryo transfer to produce a live baby.

Influence of Gynaecologic Adnexal Surgeries on Subsequent Ovarian Function and In Vitro Fertilization Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the correlation between gynaecologic adnexal surgery history and pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization （IVF） treatment. Methods A total of 810 women who were proceeded 810 IVF; treatment cycles from October 2009 to March 2011 were recruited to this retrospective study, based on whether they had history of gynaecologic adnexal surgeries or not. Among 810 women, 587 women had no gynaecologic adnexal surgeries （group A）, 223 women had gynaecologic adnexal surgeries （group B）. Additionally, the group B was further divided into 4 subgroups based on their different gynaecologic adnexal surgery histories, such as tubal conservative surgery （group Bal）, unilateral salpingectomy （group Ba2）, ovarian cyst ablation （group Bbl） and unilateral adnexal resection （group Bb2）. The basal levels of FSH, antral follicle count （AFC）, clinical pregnancy rate （CPR）, embryos implantation rates （IR） and live birth rates （LBR） were compared.Results The levels of FSH and AFC were significantly different between groups A and B, respectively. Therefore, CPR, IR and LBR were significantly lower （P 〈0.05） in group B （30.9%, 17.8% and 25.1%） compared with group A （39.9%, 22.8% and 32.4%）. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference between the patients who had tubal conservation surgery （group Bal） and who had unilateral salpingectomy （group Ba2）. However, in contrast to unilateral adnexectomy, ovarian cystectomy surgery influenced FSH and AFC significant, even for the number of oocyte retrieved, but did not affect the IVF treatment outcome. Conclusion The previous history of gynaecologic adnexal surgeries may affect the subsequent ovarian function and also IVF outcomes. As for different operation methods, between tubal conservation surgery and unilateral salpingectomy, the IVF outcomes were not significantly different. The same result we found in different ovarian operation groups.

The effect of serum luteinizing hormone on trigger day with a GnRH antagonist protocol in IVF/ICSI treatment

Objective:To investigate the effect of serum luteinizing hormone(LH)on trigger day with a Gonadotrophinreleasing hormone(GnRH)antagonist protocol in patients receiving in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection(IVF/ICSI)treatment for pregnancy outcomes.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical documents of patients receiving IVF/ICSI with fresh embryo transfers from the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University People's Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018.730 patients were included and divided into three groups by their serum LH level determined on trigger day.All patients were categorized into Group A,Group B,and Group C based on LH concentrations<1.0 IU/L,1.0–5.0 IU/L,and from 5.0 to 10.0 IU/L on trigger day during the cycle,respectively.Comparisons were made between the three groups.Results:There was a significant difference in implantation rates between Group A and Group C(24.8%versus 40.1%,respectively,P<0.05).The clinical pregnancy rates(39.3%versus 54.3%,respectively,P=0.078)and live birth rate(LBR)(32.1%versus 46.5%,respectively,P=0.116),though the differences were not significant.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the OR of Group C for clinical pregnancy(OR=1.849,P=0.040)and for LBR(OR=1.915,P=0.034)were significant using Group A as the base level.Conclusions:Our study has demonstrated that patients with higher serum LH levels(5.0–10.0 IU/L)on trigger day in the GnRH antagonist protocol may confer better clinical outcomes than those with lower LH levels(<1.0 IU/L).