Ethics of Human Resources Management in the Cameroonian Health System, Medical Nomadism and the Ineffectiveness of the Fight against High Blood Pressure

Context/objectives: The fight against Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is a long-term undertaking, which requires available, motivated and well-managed human resources (HR). The administrative management of skills on both qualitative and quantitative levels is one of the essential functions of a health system. To better implement policies of fight against High Blood Pressure (HBP) and other chronic diseases, it is important to establish strategies to retain health personnel. This loyalty requires favorable working conditions and consideration of the contribution-reward couple. Good working conditions are likely to reduce the phenomenon of medical nomadism;conversely, poor HR management can contribute to their exodus towards exotic “green pastures”, thus leading to an additional crisis in the Cameroonian health system. The fight against HBP is a complex, multifaceted and multifactorial reality that requires appropriate management model for all types of resources mainly HR. The main objective of this research is to show the impact of poor management of human resources in Cameroon health system on medical nomadism and the ineffectiveness of the fight against High Blood Pressure. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive survey among five hundred (500) health facilities in the center region of Cameroon has been conducted. A stratified probabilistic technique has been used, and the number of health facilities to be surveyed has been determined using the “sample size estimation table” of Depelteau. The physical questionnaires have been printed and then distributed to data collectors. After data collection, the latter were grouped during processing in Excel sheets. The Chi-square test was used for data with a qualitative value and that of Kolmogorov-Sminorf for data with a quantitative value to assess the normality and reliability of data. The Crochach’s Alpha reliability test allowed us to have a summary of the means and variances and then to search for intragroup correlations between variables. Descriptive analysis was possible with the XLSTAT 2016 software. Results: 43.60% of Health Facilities (HF) managers were unqualified. 82.20% of HF managers have staff in a situation of professional insecurity. They are mainly contractual (49.00), decision-making agents (24.40%), casual agents (08.80). The proportion of unstable personnel is average of 22.00% and very unstable, 12.00%.

Compliance to Medication Management and Mental Health Status of Elderly Hypertensive Patients: Basis of Educational Health Program

Objective:The study aimed to assess medication management compliance and mental health in elderly patients with hypertension.Method:The study evaluated medication compliance and mental health status of elderly hypertensive patients in China using simple random sampling.Data was collected using the Morisky Medication Compliance Questionnaire,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale,and a checklist.Ethical practices were strictly observed.Results:A study of 100 elderly hypertensive patients found poor drug management compliance,with female patients showing worse compliance.Female patients were more vulnerable to anxiety and depression.The study also found no significant association between gender,age,education level,marital status,living standards,and medication compliance.Barriers to medication management included food and daily necessities,lack of awareness about the importance of drug treatment,and basic family needs.The lowest-ranked barriers were lack of support from government health clinics,low income,and lack of family support.Conclusion:Based on the results,the study proposes an educational plan for elderly hypertensive patients and their families,to be evaluated and implemented by the hospital and township community service center.The plan aims to improve medication management and lifestyle modification compliance,encourage active participation,and provide access to medical and mental health clinics,support groups,and counseling services.

Analysis of Health Workers’ Perceptions on Medical Waste Management in Tanzanian Hospitals

This paper presents the perceptions of health workers (HWs) on medical waste management (MWM) issues in Tanzanian hospitals. The perceived total waste generation rates were lower than the actual measurements. Administrators perceived lower rates than implementers. The results indicated three categories of medical waste which are given due attention, that is, sharps waste, pathological and infectious waste. Other wastes like radioactive, chemical, pharmaceutical, pressurized containers receive very little attention. Container colour coding and labelling was negligible, while improvised containers are still in use. Medical waste is transported within hospitals manually, with little efforts on mechanized transportation. Poor waste storage was observed, while the prominent medical waste treatment technologies are medium temperature incinerators. Off-site transportation of medical waste is practiced, where the waste is finally dumped or buried. The hospitals are currently utilizing public-private partnership schemes for MWM in only one aspect of off-site transportation. Three main problems which require high attention include: Weaknesses in hospital management, poor MWM infrastructure, and lack of skills and knowledge on MWM among HWs. Knowledge and awareness among HWs on health hazards associated with poor MWM is low (with exception of cholera, HIV and typhoid). Few PPE types are supplied and used in the hospitals, leading to poor diseases prevention. There is also low knowledge among HWs on administrative issues related to MWM in Tanzanian hospitals.

Using AI and Precision Nutrition to Support Brain Health during Aging

Artificial intelligence, often referred to as AI, is a branch of computer science focused on developing systems that exhibit intelligent behavior. Broadly speaking, AI researchers aim to develop technologies that can think and act in a way that mimics human cognition and decision-making [1]. The foundations of AI can be traced back to early philosophical inquiries into the nature of intelligence and thinking. However, AI is generally considered to have emerged as a formal field of study in the 1940s and 1950s. Pioneering computer scientists at the time theorized that it might be possible to extend basic computer programming concepts using logic and reasoning to develop machines capable of “thinking” like humans. Over time, the definition and goals of AI have evolved. Some theorists argued for a narrower focus on developing computing systems able to efficiently solve problems, while others aimed for a closer replication of human intelligence. Today, AI encompasses a diverse set of techniques used to enable intelligent behavior in machines. Core disciplines that contribute to modern AI research include computer science, mathematics, statistics, linguistics, psychology and cognitive science, and neuroscience. Significant AI approaches used today involve statistical classification models, machine learning, and natural language processing. Classification methods are widely applicable to problems in various domains like healthcare, such as informing diagnostic or treatment decisions based on patterns in data. Dean and Goldreich, 1998, define ML as an approach through which a computer has to learn a model by itself from the data provided but no specification on the sort of model is provided to the computer. They can then predict values for things that are different from the values used in training the models. NLP looks at two interrelated concerns, the task of training computers to understand human languages and the fact that since natural languages are so complex, they lend themselves very well to serving a number of very useful goals when used by computers.

U. S. Academic Medical Centers Under the Managed Health Care Environment

This research investigates the impact of managed health care on academic medical centers in the United States. Academic medical centers hold a unique position in the U. S. health care system through their missions of conducting cutting-edge biomedical researeh, pursuing clinical and technological innovations, Providing state-of-the-art medical care and producing highly qUalified health professionals. However, policies to control costs through the use of managed care and limiting resources are detrimental to academic medical centers and impede the advancement of medical sciTo survive the threats of managed care in the health care environment, acadendc medical centers must rely on their upper level managers to derive successful strategies. The methods used in this study include qualitative approaches in the form of key informants and case studies. In addition, a survey questionnaire was sent to 1h8 CEOs in all the academic medical centers in the U. S. The findings revealed that managers who perform the liaison, monitor, entrepreneur and resource allocator roles are crucial to ensure the survival of academic medical centers, so that academic medical centers can continue their missions to serve the general public and promote their well-being.

Knowledge and Skills for Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections by Rural Medical Practitioners in Bangladesh

Sexually transmitted infection (STI) management is considered rudimentary among rural medical practitioners (RMPs) in Bangladesh. We sought to understand the level of knowledge and skills in STI management and to assess the impact of a two-day training orientation among RMPs in Tangail district. Data were collected through a baseline survey of 225 practicing RMPs in the study area and a three-month follow-up survey of 99 RMPs who participated in a two-day STI/HIV orientation training. The level of formal training among RMPs ranged from none (22.7%), to paramedical training (14.7%) and local medical assistant training (62.6%). The baseline survey revealed a low level of STI/HIV knowledge and misconceptions about the transmission of STI/HIV among RMPs. RMPs mostly prescribed first line antibiotics for treatment of common reproductive tract infections (RTIs) including STIs, but they rarely prescribed the correct dosages according to the national RTI/STI management guidelines. Only 3% of RMPs were able to correctly answer all four HIV transmission (unprotected sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, needle sharing and mother to child transmission) questions at baseline, while 94.9% of RMPs answered all four correctly at three months following the training (p = 0.001). Only 10% of RMPs reported suggesting the recommended drug (azithromycin) and only 2% mentioned about the recommended dosage (2 gm single dose) for the treatment of urethritis/cervicitis;compared to 49.5% suggested azithromycin at follow-up with 39.4% mentioned the recommended 2 gm single dose (p = 0.001). Our study found low level of knowledge and poor practices related RTI/STI management among RMPs. Short orientation training and education intervention shown promise to increase knowledge and management skills for RTIs/STIs.

Medical Image Fusion Based on Anisotropic Diffusion and Non-Subsampled Contourlet Transform

The synthesis of visual information from multiple medical imaging inputs to a single fused image without any loss of detail and distortion is known as multimodal medical image fusion.It improves the quality of biomedical images by preserving detailed features to advance the clinical utility of medical imaging meant for the analysis and treatment of medical disor-ders.This study develops a novel approach to fuse multimodal medical images utilizing anisotropic diffusion(AD)and non-subsampled contourlet transform(NSCT).First,the method employs anisotropic diffusion for decomposing input images to their base and detail layers to coarsely split two features of input images such as structural and textural information.The detail and base layers are further combined utilizing a sum-based fusion rule which maximizes noise filtering contrast level by effectively preserving most of the structural and textural details.NSCT is utilized to further decompose these images into their low and high-frequency coefficients.These coefficients are then combined utilizing the principal component analysis/Karhunen-Loeve(PCA/KL)based fusion rule independently by substantiating eigenfeature reinforcement in the fusion results.An NSCT-based multiresolution analysis is performed on the combined salient feature information and the contrast-enhanced fusion coefficients.Finally,an inverse NSCT is applied to each coef-ficient to produce the final fusion result.Experimental results demonstrate an advantage of the proposed technique using a publicly accessible dataset and conducted comparative studies on three pairs of medical images from different modalities and health.Our approach offers better visual and robust performance with better objective measurements for research development since it excellently preserves significant salient features and precision without producing abnormal information in the case of qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Trust and Security on Semantic HIM (Health Information Management)

Information technology have changed information media by networking and internet using technology in health as same as another part improve efficiency and effectiveness. Currently, the medical document is reality-based medicine, so that is the most important, richest and the most realistic source of medical and health information. Health information management systems that require systems to the storage, retrieval, storage and elimination of health records (by law), and adjust to the rules of professional. These processes are difficult and time consuming for human. In the meantime semantic HIM seem best solution.

Development and evolution of medical technology management in China

The National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (NHC) made a revision on the original version of the Regulation on the Clinical Application of Medical Technology in November 2018.[1] According to the new policy,medical institutions are endowed with the primary responsibility for the management of medical technology.This study aimed to investigate into the development and evolution of policy reform to explore the changes in the concepts and ideas of medical technology management in Chinese medical institutions.

Best Practices and Innovative Scenarios of Integrated Patient Data Management to Improve Continuity of Care and Scientific Research

Clinical data have strong features of complexity and multi-disciplinarity. Clinical data are generated both from the documentation of physicians＇ interactions with the patient and by diagnostic systems. During the care process, a number of different actors and roles （physicians, specialists, nurses, etc.） have the need to access patient data and document clinical activities in different moments and settings. Thus, data sharing and flexible aggregation based on different users＇ needs have become more and more important for supporting continuity of care at home, at hospitals, at outpatient clinics. In this paper, the authors identify and describe needs and challenges for patient data management at provider level and regional- （or inter-organizational-） level, because nowadays sharing patient data is needed to improve continuity and quality of care. For each level, the authors describe state-of-the-art Information and Communication Technology solutions to collect, manage, aggregate and share patient data. For each level some examples of best practices and solution scenarios being implemented in the Italian Healthcare setting are described as well.

中国基层医疗服务发展对老年人健康的影响

实现健康老龄化是我国积极应对人口老龄化的一项重要战略任务。老年人的健康状况和医疗服务需求特点决定了基层医疗服务在促进老年健康中的重要地位。基层医疗服务发展对老年人健康具有重要影响。分析评估我国基层医疗服务发展的成就和不足,更好地发挥基层医疗服务在促进健康老龄化和建设健康中国中的作用具有重要的现实意义。本文从老年人感知的基层医疗服务可及性、服务可得性和服务适配性三个维度构建反映基层医疗服务发展水平的综合指标,利用2015年和2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,实证检验和分析我国基层医疗服务发展水平对老年人健康的影响及其作用机制。研究发现老年人感知的基层医疗服务发展水平越高,自评健康水平就越高,自评健康改善状况也越好,说明基层医疗服务发展对老年人健康具有积极作用,且结论具有稳健性。基层医疗服务发展会改善医疗服务便利性,降低医疗服务费用,促进老年人的医疗服务利用,降低老年人医疗服务需求未满足的程度;基层医疗服务还担负着向辖区居民开展疾病预防与控制、健康教育、居民健康档案管理、慢性病患者健康管理、老年健康与医养结合服务等初级卫生保健服务的职责,可以改善老年人健康管理水平;基层医疗服务发展能够提高老年人健康素养,有助于培养健康生活方式与行为,最大限度消除健康危险因素,从而促进老年人健康。机制检验发现医疗服务需求满足程度、健康管理状况、健康素养与行为在基层医疗服务发展影响老年人健康过程中发挥了部分中介作用。异质性分析结果表明基层医疗服务发展对老年健康的影响在不同地区、不同年龄阶段、不同收入水平和健康状况的老年群体之间存在显著差异。中西部地区和农村地区老人、中低龄老人、低收入老人和罹患慢性病的老人从基层医疗服务发展中受益更大。政府应进一步优化基层医疗资源配置,增强基层医疗服务能力,增加服务供给,在提高老年人医疗服务需求满足程度的同时提高老年人健康管理水平,提升老年人健康素养,培养健康行为方式,更好地发挥基层医疗服务促进老年人健康的作用。

突发公共卫生事件背景下公立医院医疗物资供应冲突管理

文章基于突发公共卫生事件状态下公立医院医疗物资供应冲突发生的环境、事发经过、情境结果及冲突条件等要素,运用冲突管理有关理论探索冲突的构成要素及其结果、冲突中人员管理的一般性方法及冲突解决途径。在研究中不难发现,强制型管理风格在应对医疗物资全方位供应复杂性工作面前适用性略显不足,知识型员工在保健与激励因素共同负强化下使得人员管理更加如履薄冰,合作型冲突管理能够较为有效地解决冲突窘境。组织中的各类冲突在所难免,冲突的发生与领导管理风格、组织目标一致性、团队成员的激励程度、人际关系的维系与促进等因素息息相关,应关注冲突的管理方法,通过替代性方案建设性地加以解决至关重要。

全周期健康管理视角下老年人就医行为影响因素研究

目的:在全周期健康管理视角下,研究老年人在疾病预防、门诊和住院治疗、延迟就医行为中的群体差异及其影响因素。方法:采用多阶段随机抽样对广州市老年人进行问卷调查,对调查数据进行二元Logistic回归分析。结果:女性、高收入和参加医疗保险的老年人健康状况较好;经济状况、对医疗保险的认知以及就医体验对门诊就诊率有正向影响;年龄和配偶支持对住院行为影响显著;女性、低收入和就医体验差的老年人延迟就医比例更高。结论:老年人就医行为不容乐观,应以健康增能为目标,提升老年人自主健康管理意识;维护就医权利公平,提高医疗卫生服务可及性;关注失能老年群体,鼓励多元主体共建长期照护体系;促进健康公平,构建多层次健康管理政策体系。

新一代人工智能驱动档案信息化建设的现状和趋势探讨——基于医疗机构的考察

探讨新一代人工智能技术在档案信息化建设中的应用现状和趋势,并以医疗机构为调查对象进行实证分析。通过分析新一代人工智能技术在档案信息化建设中的应用现状和趋势,结合在医疗机构的调查分析,提出了调查设计和方法,并进行了调查结果统计和分析。探讨了医疗档案信息化建设的特点和需求,分析了新一代人工智能技术在医疗档案信息化建设中的现状、趋势、挑战和未来的发展方向,提出了新一代人工智能技术驱动档案信息化建设建议和展望。

2019—2021年兰州市严重精神障碍患者管理治疗状况分析

目的:分析2019—2021年兰州市严重精神障碍患者管理治疗状况,为兰州市制定防治措施及精神卫生政策提供科学依据。方法:提取甘肃省严重精神障碍信息系统中2019—2021年兰州市严重精神障碍患者相关数据,并用Excel 2007进行统计分析。结果:甘肃省精神卫生监测信息系统显示2019—2021年兰州市在册严重精神障碍患者为11 310例、11 914例、12 295例,报告患病率为3.03‰、 3.19‰、 3.42‰,规范管理率为73.48%、 76.16%、 80.21%,患者面访率为72.25%、79.04%、81.53%,患者规律服药率为32.74%、43.76%、52.05%。结论:2019—2021年兰州市严重精神障碍患者报告患病率、规范管理率、患者面访率以及患者规律服药率均有提高,但报告患病率水平和患者规律服药率水平仍低于国家要求。严重精神障碍患者和家属的病耻感是导致报告患病率与规范管理率偏低的主要原因,而精神卫生资源分布的不均衡性导致远郊患者规律服药率偏低。

商业医疗保险的收入再分配效应研究

本文使用2019年中国家庭金融调查(CHFS)数据,实证分析了商业医疗保险的收入公平分配效应,并对其作用机制进行了探讨。研究表明:商业医疗保险有助于促进群体间的正向收入再分配,显著缩小个体收入差距。商业医疗保险主要通过灾难性医疗支出控制路径、身体健康状况提升路径缓解居民收入差距,而商业保险补偿在提升身体健康状况路径上呈现相反影响。本文以存在问题为导向,借鉴新加坡、荷兰、美国、芬兰等国相关实践经验,为提升商业医疗保险的收入公平分配效果,提出挖掘民众参保需求、完善产品设计开发、健全政府机构和市场主体的医疗控费机制、落实以预防为主的多层次健康管理战略等优化建议。

探讨脑卒中患者运用“SMG”健康管理模式三级康复的效果

目的探讨基于“SMG”健康管理模式在脑卒中患者三级康复中的应用效果。方法选取2022年1月至2022年12月就诊于我院神经诊疗中心的脑卒中偏瘫患者108例,随机分为对照组(54例)与干预组(54例),对照组给予脑卒中早期康复治疗后常规健康管理,而干预组基于“SMG”健康管理模式进行治疗,干预4周,比较两组患者三级康复后的自我效能和医学应对方式。结果干预组患者面对应对方式、自我效能得分均高于对照组,而回避与屈服应对方式得分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中患者三级康复过程中采取“SMG”健康管理模式的干预方法,有助于提高患者自我效能,转变方式积极面对疾病,配合医护进行康复训练以改善躯体功能,进一步提升卒中后生存质量。

基于移动互联网的门诊医疗管理与服务创新研究

目的分析基于移动互联网的门诊医疗管理的应用价值及服务创新。方法选取2019年1月—2022年12月四川大学华西医院门诊20名医务人员为研究对象,按照管理模式不同将医务人员分为对照组(n=10,传统管理模式)和研究组(n=10,移动互联网门诊医疗管理模式),并选取同一时期入院诊疗的100例患者为观察主体,两组各50例。比较两组患者管理前后缴费时间、住院预约时间、退换号率、投诉率、门诊各科室医务人员满意度。结果研究组住院缴费时间、住院预约时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05);研究组退换号率与投诉率低于对照组;研究组医务人员满意度为90.00%(9/10),高于对照组的80.00%(8/10),差异有统计学意义(P=0.048)。结论基于移动互联网的门诊医疗管理与服务创新模式的构建可缩短缴费时间与住院预约时间,提高医务人员满意度。

医药卫生改革中的财务风险管理:挑战、机遇与对策

随着医药卫生改革的深入进行,财务风险管理在医疗机构运营中的重要性日益凸显。聚焦医药卫生改革背景下的财务风险管理,分析改革过程中医疗机构面临的财务风险挑战与机遇,并探讨相应的对策。通过对政策调整、市场变化以及内部管理等方面的综合分析,揭示财务风险管理的现状及存在的问题。采用文献研究和案例分析方法,提出了包括优化内部控制、加强预算管理、提高风险意识等在内的一系列应对策略。研究结果表明,通过科学合理的财务风险管理,可以有效应对改革中的挑战,把握发展机遇,为医疗机构的可持续发展提供保障。

医护人员对中医“治未病”视角下健康管理的认知情况

为探究中医“治未病”视角下医护人员的健康管理工作状况,该文对中医“治未病”理念和健康管理概念进行深入分析,总结其具体应用情况,提出医护人员健康管理中推进中医“治未病”理念的方法,以此为强化其健康管理工作质量提供指导意见。