Discrete Element Simulations of Ice Load and Mooring Force on Moored Structure in Level Ice

Moored structures are suitable for operations in ice-covered regions owing to their security and efficiency.This paper aims to present a new method for simulating the ice load and mooring force on the moored structure during ice-structure interaction with a spherical Discrete Element Method(DEM).In this method,the level ice and mooring lines consist of bonded sphere elements arranged in different patterns.The level ice model has been widely validated in simulation of the ice load of fixed structures.In the mooring line simulation,a string of spherical elements was jointed with the parallel bond model to simulate the chains or cable structure.The accuracy of the mooring line model was proved by comparing the numerical results with the nonlinear FEM results and model towing experiment results.The motion of the structure was calculated in the quaternion method,considering the ice load,mooring force,and hydrodynamic force.The hydrodynamic force comprised wave-making damping,current drag,and buoyancy force.Based on the proposed model,the interaction of a semi-submersible structure with level ice was simulated,and the effect of ice thickness on the ice load was analyzed.The numerical results show that the DEM method is suitable to simulate the ice load and mooring force on moored floating structures.

Finite Element Analysis for the Structure Optimization Design of the CPUE Load-Bearing Wheel of Tracked Vehicle

A new kind of material cast polyurethane elastomers (CPUE) is introduced to take the place of rubber on load bearing wheel for the first time. Based on load bearing wheel dimensions, material properties and operating conditions, the structure of wheel flange is optimized by zero order finite element method. A detailed three dimensional finite element model of flange of load bearing wheel is developed and utilized to optimize structure of wheel flange. Its service life, which is affected by flange structure parameter, is analyzed by comparing the optimization results with those of prototype of wheel. The results of optimization are presented and the stress field of load bearing wheel in optimal dimension obtained by using finite element analysis method is demonstrated. The finite element analysis and optimization results show that the CPUE load bearing wheel is feasible and suitable for the tracked vehicle and has a guiding value in practice of the weighting design of the whole tracked vehicle.

Finite Element Analysis on the Pre-load Structures of the Central Solenoid for the HT-7U Device

The central solenoid is an important part of the HT-7U device. In this paper， the computational analysis of the stress and the displacement on the pre-load structures of the central solenoid have been made by the finite element analysis system COSMOS/M2.0 under room and/or operating temperature. According to the analytical results, the clip aprons and compression plates are all satisfied with safety design criteria.

Analysis and Research of Ice Loads Acting on Offshore Structures

Usually, the action of sea ice on offshore engineering structures is one of the controlling loads in cold waters engineering structure design. The reasonable selection of environmental condition and the physical mechanical properties of ice in the region are directly related to the structure design, operation and safety. In this paper, the sea ice force acting on the structure, the physical mechanical properties of ice and the selection of parameters in calculation are discussed. Some suggestions are proposed as to the calculation of various kinds of ice loads acting on the structure.

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response and Collapse for Steel Frame Structures Subjected to Blast Load

The progressive collapse of steel frame structures under the blast load was investigated using LS-DYNA. The multi-material Eulerian and Lagrangian coupling algorithm was adopted. A flu-id-structure coupling finite element model was established which consists of Lagrange element for simulating steel frame structures and concrete ground, multiple ALE element for simulating air and TNT explosive material. Numerical simulations of the blast pressure wave propagation, struc-tural dynamic responses and deformation, and progressive collapse of a five-story steel frame structure in the event of an explosion near above ground were performed. The numerical analysis showed that the Lagrangian and Eulerian coupling algorithm gave good simulations of the shock wave propagation in the mediums and blast load effects on the structure. The columns subjected to blast load may collapse by shear yielding rather than by flexural deformation. The columns and joints of steel beam to column in the front steel frame structure generated enormous plastic defor-mation subjected to intensive blast waves, and columns lost carrying capacity, subsequently lead-ing to the collapse of the whole structure. The approach coupling influence between struc-tural deformation and fluid load well simulated the progressive collapse process of structures, and provided an effective tool for analyzing the collapse mechanism of the steel frame structure under blast load.

FEA-based structural optimization design of a side cooling collimating mirror at SSRF

Based on finite element analysis of thermal mechanical behavior, structural optimization design was proposed for a side cooling collimating mirror subjected to high heat load for a beamline at SSRF(Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility). The temperature distribution,stress concentration effect, maximum equivalent(vonMises) stress, and slope error of the mirror were analyzed.In particular, the cooling water channels of the traditional structural design were optimized, and the modified designs were further optimized. Although the traditional structural and the improved designs could meet requirements for the temperature and thermal stress, the deformation gradients were relatively large for several structural designs, and this led to larger slope error. The further improved structural designs could be of better performance.

STOCHASTIC BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF PLATE AND BEAMS COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

In this paper, the reliability of orthotropic plate and beams composite structures, which is under the actions of the stochastic loading and stochastic boundary conditions, have been analyzed by stochastic boundary element method. First, the boundary integral equation of orthotropic plate and beams composite structures is given in this paper, and then based on the stochastic boundary element method, the method for reliability analysis of stochastic structures is establishes and formulas for computation of reliability index of orthotropic plate and beams composite structures are obtained. The computed examples show the efficient of the method used in this paper.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of the Structure of Door Seals

In order to evaluate the influence of the seal structure on door closing force, nonlinear finite element method is introduced to analyze compression deformation of a door seal for SANTANA (name of the car made by Shanghai Volkswagen Co. Ltd). MSC. Marc software is used to analyze the large deformation of the seal and the compression test is done to prove the computational results. The results show that the compression loads of the door seal are larger than the standard value of Shanghai Volkswagen Co. Ltd and the seal structure needs to be optimized. There are consistent relationships between calculating results and experimental results and the simulation method is effective.

基于应变测试矿用汽车车架结构优化设计分析

矿用铰接车采用液压举升机构实现货物卸载,受力情况复杂,对车架结构影响大且要求高。针对某自卸车后车架和货箱在不同运行条件下的承载特性进行分析,获取各工况的载荷情况和边界条件;根据前述分析,建立后车架和货箱的有限元分析模型,选取多个典型工况开展分析,获取应力应变的分布情况;采用材料升级、圆角优化及焊接工艺提升等,针对应力集中和较大位置进行优化设计,降低应力值,保证安全裕度满足要求;采用直角应变测试法,针对实际自卸车车架开展应力测试,在分析的关键位置布置应变片,选取典型工况开展测试,并与仿真结果开展对比。结果可知:自卸车铰接点和液压举升缸鹅颈支撑处应力较大,并且出现了应力集中,但均在许可范围之内;采用厚度提升、直径增大及焊接工艺提升等方法,有效提升应力分布,最大值明显降低;实车测试和仿真分析,满载工况应力分布基本一致,最大值误差低于5.8%;优化后结果明显低于优化前;结果表明分析模型和优化方法的可靠性,为此类分析设计提供参考。

LY160钢屈曲约束支撑框架抗震性能研究

屈曲约束支撑(BRB)因其性能优越已在工程中广泛应用,目前工程中使用的BRB芯材多为Q235B钢,为研究软钢BRB框架的受力性能,设计了一榀LY160钢BRB框架进行低周反复试验。试验结果表明:LY160钢BRB框架滞回曲线饱满,耗能系数高达1.54,等效黏滞阻尼达到了0.255。为了进一步研究LY160钢BRB框架结构体系抗震性能,分别运用ABAQUS与PERFORM-3D对框架试验进行模拟,并将两个模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,分析了两个软件模拟计算的优缺点,验证了数值模拟的准确性。在此基础上,采用PERFORM-3D建立6层BRB框架结构(BRBS)模型并与无控框架结构(UCS)模型以及普通支撑框架结构(NBS)模型进行对比,BRBS的层间位移角、层剪力最高可分别降低34.47%、31.29%,远超NBS的19.39%和17.31%,且BRBS的塑性耗能几乎全为BRB提供,很好地保护了主体结构,具有较为稳定、良好的抗震性能。

起波配筋混凝土框架结构的抗内爆性能数值模拟

人工塑性铰在框架结构抗震研究中已经得到广泛应用,其能够控制梁塑性铰出现的位置,避免框架结构在地震中出现梁柱节点破坏而发生连续倒塌,实现“强柱弱梁”的设计目标。一种新型起波钢筋构造的人工塑性铰为结构抗爆设计提供了新的思路。现有的结构静载试验表明,起波钢筋兼具优异的变形性能和较强的极限承载力。采用简化混合建模的方法,基于有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对采用不同起波配筋方案的钢筋混凝土框架结构进行数值模拟。研究结果表明:在爆炸荷载作用下,起波配筋梁能有效地吸收冲击力,降低支座反力,推迟反力峰值出现时间,保护梁柱节点,将破坏限制在梁板构件,从而防止结构发生连续倒塌。

常泰长江大桥组合索塔锚固结构钢-混传剪构造足尺模型试验研究

常泰长江大桥索塔锚固结构采用钢箱-核芯混凝土组合结构,为研究该新型组合索塔锚固结构钢-混传剪构造的受力特性,进行钢-混传剪构造足尺模型试验研究。制作2个锚固结构足尺节段试验模型,通过压剪试验研究锚固结构的荷载~滑移曲线及应力、应变分布等受力特性,并通过有限元模型分析锚固结构的传力机理和各组件的内力分配比例,推导剪力钉剪力计算方法。结果表明:在2.14倍单索最大索力荷载作用下,锚固结构保持弹性状态,钢壁板未产生明显滑移,钢-混界面最大滑移不超过0.25 mm,该锚固结构中钢-混传剪构造至少具有2.14倍的安全系数;荷载作用下,剪力钉剪力从上至下逐渐增大,锚腹板附近底部3排剪力钉剪力较大,钢-混传剪构造至少存在剪力钉和界面摩擦力2种传剪机制,钢-混传剪构造的承载能力显著提高;钢-混传剪构造受力过程分为粘结力传力阶段和局部滑移阶段,剪力钉剪力分布不仅与沿剪切方向长度分布有关,也与荷载的大小线性相关。

基于SolidWorks的装载机专用轮胎拆装机械手有限元分析及优化设计

以5 t装载机23.5-25规格轮胎为研究对象,利用SolidWorks软件建立了轮胎拆装机械手初始三维模型,并通过SolidWorks Simulation对夹爪和悬臂部分进行负载模拟仿真与应力静态分析。依据有限元分析结果对机械手初始三维模型进行结构优化和可靠性验证,通过增加肋板和加强筋减小了悬臂端部的形变,避免了悬臂容易发生弯曲断裂的问题,同时兼顾了因机械手自重增加而导致的成本升高问题。经过优化的机械手三维模型具有经济性、安全性和可视性等优点,为有效预防机械手工作过程的失效及提高生产率提供了有益借鉴。

层冰作用下直立圆柱结构冰载荷研究

层冰是冰区海工结构作业时遭遇的主要冰况之一,直立结构是海工结构的常见构型,因此,开展层冰作用下直立结构冰载荷研究对海工结构抗冰强化设计和安全评估具有重要意义。本文首先对层冰与直立结构作用过程进行概括分析。然后开展直立圆柱结构冰载荷的机理性试验,研究层冰的失效行为以及结构冰载荷的特征。最后基于黏聚单元模型和海冰软化本构开发层冰与结构作用模拟的数值仿真模型,对层冰的裂纹扩展和破碎过程进行模拟,同时利用试验数据对数值仿真模型的正确性进行验证。本研究工作可为结构冰载荷的数值和试验研究奠定重要基础,为冰区海工结构的设计建造提供技术参考。

船舶骑冰事故下船体梁结构强度特征分析

[目的]针对船体梁与冰层相互作用后的结构强度变化问题,提出骑冰工况下船体梁结构强度分析方法,揭示相应的结构强度特征。[方法]首先,建立船体梁结构强度分析模型,并根据各分段属性建立对应的船体梁载荷分析模型;然后,在载荷分析模型中求解得到骑冰工况的浮力分布并代入结构强度分析模型中,以考虑骑冰带来的浮力变化;最后,施加重力及冰层支反力,进行结构强度计算,并分析抬升位置和抬升高度对船体梁浮力、剪力、弯矩以及局部应力分布的影响。[结果]结果显示,当船首抬升高度变化时,船体梁存在浮力与剪力不随抬升高度变化的点,该点分别位于船体梁后半段以及船中;当抬升位置位于球鼻艏时,该部位的舷侧外板更接近于垂直,不利于抵抗冰层支反力,导致高应力面积相对较大,更危险。[结论]采用所提方法能够计算船体梁结构在船首大幅度抬升情况下的结构响应,计算效率高,可初步判断危险骑冰工况下船体梁的结构强度。

基于固有应变法的中空薄壁铝合金结构件焊接变形及残余应力预测

为提升中空薄壁铝合金结构件焊接变形与残余应力预测精度。基于固有应变法与焊接热输入参数对焊接等效载荷开展求解,利用有限元仿真方式从变形及应力的角度出发,分别对焊接变形及残余应力进行分析,并通过焊接试验进行验证。结果表明:焊缝左右两侧的边缘区域是产生焊接残余应力的主要位置,横向、纵向残余应力分别为275 MPa、181 MPa,结构件上蒙板呈马鞍形分布,焊接所导致的最大变形分布在上蒙板左右两侧,左右两侧仿真最大值分别0.299 mm、0.274 mm,左右两侧试验最大值分别0.37 mm、0.34 mm,试验变形值略大于仿真变形值,两侧变形预测误差率分别为19.1%、19.4%。研究结果可为类似中空薄壁铝合金结构件焊接变形及残余应力预测提供一定参考依据。

基于激光扫描和形貌等效的行道树风荷载模拟

行道树风荷载的准确模拟是对其开展风致失效模式分析以及加固处置的先决条件.为精确模拟行道树的风荷载,提出一种基于三维(three dimensional,3D)激光扫描与树冠形貌等效融合的典型行道树风荷载数值模拟方法,对典型行道树的风致失效模式进行了探讨.首先通过移动式3D激光扫描建立山茶树和南洋楹两种行道树的点云模型,并采用树冠形貌等效方法构建了两种行道树数值分析模型;然后探讨等效建模方法中模型尺寸随风速变化的折减规律;最后分析行道树模型在不同等级风速作用下的风振响应特性和失效模式.研究表明,基于3D激光扫描和树冠形貌等效的行道树风荷载模拟方法可准确模拟行道树风荷载特性,行道树顺风向阻力模拟值与试验值的误差在5%以内;树木破坏形态以弯曲破坏为主,且树木各级枝干初始破坏呈现出3级枝条、2级枝条、1级枝条和主干的顺序特征,但在风速较大时则出现主干或重要枝干破坏先于次要枝干的现象.本研究提出的树冠形貌等效的行道树风荷载模拟方法精确性良好,对城市行道树风致易损性分析以及城市绿化系统的防灾减灾规划具有重要指导意义.

不同载荷边界典型负泊松比结构等效力学建模

为探索不同载荷边界下典型负泊松比结构(内凹六边形结构)的力学行为,基于Euler梁理论建立了不同变形特点的弹性等效力学理论模型,并通过有限元分析揭示了变形过程、验证了理论解的准确性。结果表明,不同载荷边界下结构的变形模式不同,体现为:均布载荷作用下横梁和侧壁都发生弯曲变形,平板载荷作用时仅侧壁发生变形,集中载荷作用时弯曲变形由横梁主导。有限元分析指出,3种载荷边界下内凹六边形结构发生塑性大变形后都能实现压缩-收缩的负泊松比效应,且平板加载时结构的负泊松比效应最佳。等效泊松比的理论预测值与有限元分析结果具有较好的吻合度,弹性范围内等效泊松比在均布载荷条件下为正值、在平板载荷条件下有最大的负值、在集中载荷条件下接近于零。本研究为固体火箭等高轻量化需求装备提供了潜在方案。

市政道路沥青路面疲劳特性及耐久性评价研究

掌握荷载作用下路面结构损伤变化趋势和分布情况对道路的后期维护、使用寿命的判断和设计至关重要。通过有限元软件建立路面结构损伤计算模型,对其结构损伤变化趋势、空间分布情况以及内部水平正应力变化和分布情况进行了分析和计算,研究结果表明:底基层和基层在双轮中心线下,距离底层越近,损伤度的值就越高,基层损伤程度要高于底基层,但其损伤范围小于底基层;损伤度的增大速率随着荷载作用次数的提高而提高;在垂直方向上底基层与基层水平正应力的分布情况类似,因为受到拉应力损伤的影响,在距离层底较近部位有所降低,在离层底距离超过5cm和7cm时水平拉应力表现为线性增加的趋势;沿水平方向基层层底水平正应力分布呈现为左右对称下凹的图形,由双轮中心线的部位向两侧延伸时,水平拉应力表现出先快速增大后迅速降低的趋势。

装配式人字撑复合墙板异形柱框架抗震性能研究

提出一种新型装配式人字撑复合墙板异形柱框架结构。为研究其抗震性能,对一榀1/2缩尺异形柱框架结构进行低周反复荷载试验,分析其破坏形态、滞回曲线、承载力、耗能能力、位移延性、刚度退化等指标,并通过ABAQUS有限元软件模拟后将模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:装配式人字撑复合墙板异形柱框架结构呈现“泡沫混凝土-人字撑-叠合框架梁-组合异形框架柱”分级破坏顺序;复合墙板以剪切破坏为主;人字撑在水平往复位移荷载作用下,可与异形柱框架结构形成双重抗震体系,提高结构的抗震能力;有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好,该有限元模拟方法适用于装配式人字撑复合墙板异形柱框架结构。