Optimization of Dead Load State in Earth-Anchored Cable-Stayed Bridges

In order to determine the reasonable completed dead load state in earth-anchored cable-stayed bridges,a practical method is proposed. The method is based on the rigidly supported continuous beam method and the feasible zone method,emphasizing on the mutual effect between the self-anchored structural parts and the earth-anchored ones. Three cable-stayed bridge models are designed with the main spans of 1 400 m,including a partially earth-anchored cable-stayed bridge,a cable-stayed-suspension bridge and a fully selfanchored cable-stayed bridge,in which the C50 concrete and Q345 steel are adopted. The partially earthanchored cable-stayed bridge and the cable-stayed-suspension bridge secure lower compressive force in the girder than the fully self-anchored cable-stayed bridge by 25 percent at least. The same is for the material consumption of the whole bridge. Furthermore,the anchor volume is more than 20% lower in the partially earthanchored cable-stayed bridge than that in the cable-stayed-suspension bridge. Consequently,the practical span of cable-stayed bridges can be accordingly extended.

THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION ON STATE OF LOAD DISTRIBUTION AMONG CONTACT BEARINGS OF DOUBLE CIRCULAR ARC HELICAL GEARS

A dynamic analysis approcach to investigate the state of load distribution among contact bearings of double circular are belical gears is proposed and a computer program is developed for calculating the factor of iced distribution based on the theory of W-N gears. The changing situations of load distribution among contact bearings of the gears influenced by main issues are analyzed by a series of parametric studies.

Dynamic Load Flow Used for Electric Power System State and Tendency Analysis

Dynamic load flow technology can simulate actual frequency and load flow change when a load naturally varies and generator units adjust their power output by an adjustment system during a certain time. Dynamic load flow is a basic part of power system state and tendency analysis. In this paper, a dynamic load flow model and its solution method are first presented and discussed. Then, the application of dynamic load flow to a real power system is given as a demonstration.

Robust Nonlinear Current Sensorless Control of the Boost Converter with Constant Power Load

The boost converter feeding a constant power load (CPL) is a non-minimum phase system that is prone to the destabilizing effects of the negative incremental resistance of the CPL and presents a major challenge in the design of stabilizing controllers. A PWM-based current-sensorless robust sliding mode controller is developed that requires only the measurement of the output voltage. An extended state observer is developed to estimate a lumped uncertainty signal that comprises the uncertain load power and the input voltage, the converter parasitics, the component uncertainties and the estimation of the derivative of the output voltage needed in the implementation of the controller. A linear sliding surface is used to derive the controller, which is simple in its design and yet exhibits excellent features in terms of robustness to external disturbances, parameter uncertainties, and parasitics despite the absence of the inductor’s current feedback. The robustness of the controller is validated by computer simulations.

基于减量模型的高校体操训练模式探讨

对4种减量训练负荷-体能状态数学模型进行参数估计及预测能力分析,考察各个训练方式对体能状态与训练负荷的影响.计算运动员训练后恢复心率水平数据,利用负荷重心水平与心率恢复纠偏优化参数,构建了超负荷指数减量、超负荷线性减量、指数减量和线性减量模型.应用MATLAB simulink仿真软件进行模型参数估计及预测能力分析.结果表明,4种运动减量测量达到最大体能状态的时间均有统计学差异(P<0.01).与超负荷线性减量、指数减量和线性减量训练方案相比,超负荷指数减量训练达到最大负荷的时间最短,体能状态恢复最快.各模型对训练数据的拟合度达0.89以上,预测值与实际值之间的相关度达0.95以上.超负荷指数减量训练更有利于运动员的体能恢复,该模型适用于体能状态的预测.

考虑运营荷载的大跨径拱桥层次贝叶斯模型修正方法

现有大跨径桥梁有限元模型修正(finite element model updating,FEMU)方法一般未考虑运营荷载对结构动力特性的影响,导致修正后模型的参数变异性大。鉴于此,提出了一种考虑运营荷载的层次贝叶斯有限元模型修正方法,该方法包含考虑温度和交通荷载的概率参数修正、概率响应预测和结构状态评估。首先,根据监测数据的相关性分析结果确定了计算理论频率时需要考虑的荷载。随后,建立了温度-弹性模量线性关系,并基于动态称重(weigh-in-motion,WIM)数据,提出一种车辆荷载估计方法,以在有限元模型中定量考虑运营荷载对结构频率的影响。同时,引入两阶段马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛(Markov chain Monte Carlo,MCMC)采样方法和响应面代理模型,以提高概率模型修正的计算速率。该方法在一座采集了两年监测数据的大跨径拱桥上得到了验证。结果表明,在考虑运营荷载、参数不确定性和建模误差后,实测频率基本处于预测频率的95%置信区间内。最后,基于实测响应和预测响应置信区间提出了一个结构状态指标,并利用该指标检测出该桥的路面铺装更换过程。

Design of Non-contact On-load Automatic Regulating Voltage Transformer

At present, an automatic-mechanic contact tap-changer is widely used in power system, but it can not frequently operate. In addition, arc will occur when the switch changes. In order to solve these two problems, this paper presented an automatic on-load voltage-regulating distributing transformer which employed non-contact solid-state relay as tap-changer, and mainly introduced its structure, basic principal, design method of each key link and experimental results. Laboratory simulation experiments informed that the scheme was feasible. It was a smooth and effective experiment device, which was practical in application.

THE BUCKLED STATES OF ANNULAR SANDWICH PLATES

In this paper, the axisymmetric buckled states of an annular sandwich plate ( Reissner-type sandwich plate) with the clamped inner edge which is subjected to a uniform radial compressive thrust at the clamped outer edge are studied. Firstly, the basic equation of the buckled problem is derived. Secondly, the critical loads for some parameters are obtained by using the shooting method. Finally, we discuss the existence of the buckled slates in the vicinity of the critical loads and obtain the asymptotic expansions of the buckled states.

Elastodynamic analysis at an interface of viscous fluid/thermoelastic micropolar honeycomb medium due to inclined load

In this paper, the effect of angle inclination at the interface of a viscous fluid and thermoelastic micropolar honeycomb solid due to inclined load is investigated. The inclined load is assumed to be a linear combination of normal load and tangential load. Laplace transform with respect to time variable and Fourier transform with respect to space variable are applied to solve the problem. Expressions of stresses, temperature distribution, and pressures in the transformed domain are obtained by introducing potential functions. The numerical inversion technique is used to obtain the solution in the physical domain. The frequency domain expressions for steady state are also obtained with appropriate change of variables. Graphic representations due to the response of different sources and changes of angle inclination are shown. Some particular cases are also discussed.

AXISYMMETRIC BENDING FOR THICK LAMINATED CIRCULAR PLATE UNDER A CONCENTRATED LOAD

Based upon the fundamental equations of three dimensional elasticity, the state equation for axisymmetric bending of laminated transversely isotropic circular plate is established and the concentrated force on plate surface is expanded into Fourier_Bessel's series, therefore, an analytical solution for the problem is presented. Every fundamental equation of three dimensional elasticity can be exactly satisfied by the solution and all the independent elastic constants can be taken into account fully, furthermore, the continuity conditions between plies can also be satisfied.

基于Mask R-CNN的电力关键设备运行状态检测

为判断电力关键设备两端负载电压与干路总电压之间的数值关系,提出基于Mask R-CNN的电力关键设备运行状态检测方法。在Mask R-CNN网络结构中,判断电量信号的时域范围与频域范围。然后根据负荷阻抗特征计算交流参数的取值结果,再联合已获取的电信号参量,求解连续相关函数,从而检测电力关键设备运行状态。实验过程中,设备两端负载电压、内阻消耗电压之和与干路总电压之间的差值未超过1.5 V,说明该方法能够证明电力关键设备两端负载电压、内阻消耗电压之和等于干路总电压数值的猜想成立,可以根据该验证检测电力关键设备运行状态是否正常。

Trophic Status of Shallow Lakes of La Pampa (Argentina) and Its Relation with the Land Use in the Basin and Nutrient Internal Load

Phosphorus and nitrogen are essential nutrients for living organisms. Their concentration in the water of an aquatic ecosystem is one of the factors responsible for the trophic status of the lake and is related to the soils of the region and to the human activities carried out in their basins. These nutrients are also found in the bottom sediments, where they can either be retained or re-enter the water column. Since the information about the concentrations of nutrients in the water of some lakes of La Pampa (Argentina) is fragmentary, the aim of this study is to describe the trophic status of some shallow lakes of the semiarid center of Argentina and analyze its relation with the human activities in their basins, the concentrations of nutrients and organic matter and particle size distribution of sediments. To this end, we studied ten shallow lakes subjected to different anthropogenic influences (agriculture, agriculture and livestock and impacted by cities). All were hypertrophic and the concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen were among the highest reported globally. Since some lakes had no fish, cladoceran grazing (top-down effect) led them have reduced concentrations of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a and high water transparency. This relativizes the use of these parameters to determine the trophic status. The sediments of seven of the studied lakes were predominated by fine sands, whereas three were predominated by silts. Nutrient and organic matter content were high, with higher concentrations in lakes with prevalence of fine particles. The reduced adsorption capacity of sediments, the resuspension by wind, the anthropogenic input and the accumulation favored by the arheic character of the basins would explain the high concentrations of nutrients in the water of these Pampean environments.

Load Dependent Series-Parallel Systems with Common Bus Performance Sharing Mechanism

A series-parallel system was proposed with common bus performance sharing in which the performance and failure rate of the element depended on the load it was carrying. In such a system,the surplus performance of a sub-system can be transmitted to other deficient sub-systems. The transmission capacity of the common bus performance sharing mechanism is a random variable. Effects of load on element performance and failure rate were considered in this paper. A reliability evaluation algorithm based on the universal generating function technique was suggested. Numerical experiments were conducted to illustrate the algorithm.

Load Flow Analysis Framework for Active Distribution Networks Based on Smart Meter Reading System

With the expansion of distributed generation systems and demand response programs, the need to fully utilize distribution system capacity has increased. In addition, the potential bidirectional flow of power on distribution networks demands voltage visibility and control at all voltage levels. Distribution system state estimations, however, have traditionally been less prioritized due to the lack of enough measurement points while being the major role player in knowing the real-time system states of active distribution networks. The advent of smart meters at LV loads, on the other hand, is giving relief to this shortcoming. This study explores the potential of bottom up load flow analysis based on customer level Automatic Meter Reading (AMRs) to compute short time forecasts of demands and distribution network system states. A state estimation frame-work, which makes use of available AMR data, is proposed and discussed.

基于输入−状态联合估计的漂浮式风机塔架结构载荷反演及状态分析

[目的]旨在研究波浪作用下漂浮式风机塔架的结构载荷反演方法及动力响应状态。[方法]以半潜型风机为研究对象,通过时域仿真模拟测量数据,并且基于漂浮式风机的频域仿真模型计算塔架的质量归一化模态,将二者作为输入−状态联合估计(joint input-state estimation,JIS)算法的输入,对漂浮式风机塔架开展结构载荷反演以及实时状态分析。[结果]结果表明:基于JIS算法,以塔架节点的仿真数据作为算法的输入,估计的塔根载荷以及塔架节点响应与仿真结果具有良好的一致性,实现了高精度的反演。[结论]反演结果验证了JIS算法的有效性,可以用于漂浮式风机的实时状态分析,保障漂浮式风机长期安全稳定运行。

考虑多状态特征的非侵入式负荷识别方法

针对传统负荷识别存在无法准确区分含有多种运行状态的负荷识别问题,该文提出一种考虑负荷多状态特征的非侵入式负荷识别方法(non-intrusive load monitoring,NILM)。首先,利用VGG16卷积神经网络(visual geometry group 16neural network,VGG16)对负荷的U-I轨迹进行初步分类。然后,采用最大相关最小冗余特征选择(max-relevance and min-redundancy,mRMR)算法,从未成功分类的负荷的各个工作状态中筛选出最优特征组合作为输入,通过支持向量机(support vector machines,SVM)算法进行二阶段识别,达到快速精细化识别多状态易混淆电器的分类效果。最后,利用Plaid数据集,对分别考虑单个状态和多个状态特征的识别效果进行对比分析。结果表明,文中所提方法可以有效区分易混淆的多状态电器,提高了识别准确性。

Research on Mechanism of Overcurrent and Overvoltage When Contactless Tap Changer Switch Regulates Voltage on Load

Analyzes the mechanism of overvoltage when contactless tap changer switch which is applied in distributing transformer converted directly.When the device convert the tap off,it employs the way that the SSR is switched on when voltage through zero and switched off when current through zero.But in the experiment we found that overvoltage will occur in the process of changing tap changer.The paper illustrates the mechanism of overvoltage in theory by analyzing the equivalent circuit and using analytic method of transition process.

嵌入式操作系统加载模式选择方法研究

针对现有嵌入式操作系统加载模式选择方法会增加额外硬件开销和牺牲加载速度的问题,提出了一种基于链路状态信息的嵌入式操作系统加载模式选择方法。该方法利用上电后先复位PHY等外设再复位CPU,CPU运行BootLoader读取并判断PHY的链路建立指示信号确定加载模式,若链路建立指示信号指示网络已连接好,则选择以太网远程加载模式,其他情况下都选择本地存储器加载模式。工程应用实测结果表明,该方法稳定可靠。

考虑生产安全的工业园区联络线功率平滑策略

高比例新能源接入工业园区已成为高耗能工业负荷低碳转型的主要途径,而联络线功率剧烈频繁波动是园区低碳转型的关键问题.因此,提出一种考虑生产安全的工业园区联络线功率平滑策略.首先,分析电解铝和矿热炉的可控设备控制模型,构建基于联络线功率波动反馈的工业负荷功率闭环反馈控制模型.考虑工业生产核心影响因素,构建温度状态指标模型,形成考虑工业生产核心因素的典型工业负荷需求侧响应惩罚成本模型,并以工业生产的惩罚成本最小为优化目标,将控制目标分配至各工业负荷.最后,构建基于云南电网文山区域网架的MATLAB在线计算和RTDS仿真实时交互算例,结果表明,该算法自适应更新生产设备温度,有效降低功率调节对生产的影响,且联络线购电成本可降低36.4%.