ELECTRO-HYDRAULIC COMPOUND CONTROL METHOD AND CHARACTERISTIC OF CONTROL FOR TENSION SYSTEM WITH HIGH INERTIA LOADS

Based on the pressure regulation circuit adopting electro-hydraulic proportional relief valve to control tension, a new type of electro-hydraulic compound control circuit with throttle control unit is presented, which can obtain optimal dynamic damping ratio through real-time altering pressure-flow gain of the throttle control unit, improve the dynamic characteristic of tension follow-up control for the tension system with high inertia loads. Moreover, the characteristic when the cable linear velocity variation causes change of tension is investigated, and a compound control strategy is proposed. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the electro-hydraulic compound control circuit is effective and the characteristic of the compound control strategy is satisfactory.

Effects of Loading Rate on Flexural-tension Properties and Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Micro-surfacing Mixture

The major objective of this research was to discuss the effects of loading rate on the flexural-tension properties and uniaxial compressive strength of micro-surfacing mixture using three-point bending test and uniaxial compressive test respectively. As a preventive maintenance surface treatment on asphalt pavement, micro-surfacing was formed on the basis of the ISSA recommendation of an optimum micro-surfacing design. Tests were conducted over a wide range of temperature to investigate the difference of properties from low loading rate to a relatively high loading rate. Three-point bending test was used to study the flexural strength, strain and modulus of micro-surfacing mixture, and uniaxial compressive test was carried out to obtain the relationship between strength and the loading rate as well as temperature. The experimental results showed that flexural strength at high loading rate was larger than that at low loading rate. The flexural strength difference between low and high loading rate enlarged when the temperature rose. The flexural strain at high loading rate increased compared with results of the low loading rate. Results of the flexural modulus revealed that micro-surfacing mixture exhibited better anti-cracking characteristic at low temperature when given a relatively low loading rate. Results of uniaxial compressive test revealed that the strength difference of micro-surfacing among different loading rates increased with the increase of temperature. The logarithm relationship between the strength and loading rate over a wide range of temperature was obtained to compare the experimental and predicted values, which resulting in a reasonable consistency.

Load compensation research on twicetension for loop anchor cable of inner lining in Yellow River-crossing tunnel

The load compensation equipment for anchor cable named low retraction prestressed anchorage system with twice-tension(referred to as twice-tension anchorage system) is proposed in the paper. Calculation results of loop anchorage prestressing loss(PL) values of inner lining(IL)in Yellow River-crossing tunnel under two anchorage systems,including twice- tension anchorage system and HM(Chinese transliteration is huanmao)anchorage system,are introduced. The software ANSYS is selected to realize the three-dimensional(3D) finite element modeling to accomplish simulation and calculation works under the two anchorage systems,respectively. Stress processes of IL under the two working conditions,of which one is completed cable tensioning(CCT) and the other is water in the tunnel with the designed water pressure(DWP),are contrasted and analyzed. Impacts of prestressing forces of anchor cables on structural safety under the two anchorage systems are contrasted. The calculation results show that the twice-tension anchorage system can reduce PL effectively and then increase prestresses of wall concrete(WC). Meanwhile,the anchorage system has the advantages of improving security and stability of tunnel structure,reducing project costs and saving steel consumption. The research work is available to related design and construction of anchor cable,and is worthy of promotion and application.

Fatigue Properties of Plain Concrete under Triaxial Constant-Amplitude Tension-Compression Cyclic Loading

Fatigue tests were conducted on tapered plain concrete prism specimens under tri axial constant-amplitude tension-compression cyclic loading. The low stress of the cyclic loading was taken as 0.2f c and the upper stress ranged from 0. 20f t to 0.65f t. Three constant lateral pressures were 0.1f c, 0.2f c and 0.3f c respec tively. Based on the results, the th ree-stage evolution rule of the fatigue stiffness, maximum(minimum) longitudina l strain and damage were analyzed, and a unified S-N curve to calculate fati gue strength factors was worked out. The results show that the fatigue strength and fa tigue life under triaxial constant-amplitude tension-compression cyclic loadin g are smaller than those under uniaxial fatigue condition. Moreover, the secondary strain creep rate is related to the fatigue life, a formula for describing thei r relation was derived. The investigation of this paper can provide information for the fatigue design of concrete structures.

Web Tension Regulation of Multispan Roll-to-Roll System using Integrated Active Dancer and Load Cells for Printed Electronics Applications

The mass production of primed electronics can be achieved by roll-to-roll（R2R） printing system, so highly accurate web tension is required that can minimize the register error and keep the thickness and roughness of printed devices in limits. The web tension of a R2R system is regulated by the use of integrated load cells and active dancer system for printed electronics applications using decentralized multi-input-single-output（MISO） regularized variable learning rate backpropagation artificial neural networks. The active dancer system is used before printing system to reduce disturbances in the web tension of process span. The classical PID control result in tension spikes with the change in roll diameter of winder and unwinder rolls. The presence of dancer in R2R system shows that improved web tension control in printing span and the web tension can be enhanced from 3.75 N to 4.75 N. The overshoot of system is less than ±2.5 N and steady state error is within ± 1 N where load cells have a signal noise of ±0.7 N. The integration of load cells and active dancer with self-adapting neural network control provide a solution to the web tension control of multispan roll-to-roll system.

Experimental Study on Performance of Plain Concrete Due to Triaxial Variable-Amplitude Tension-Compression Cyclic Loading

An experimental study on performance of plain concrete under triaxial constant-amplitude and variable amplitude tension- compression cyclic loadings was carded out. The low level of the cyclic stress is 0. 2f and the upper level ranges between 0. 20f and 0. 55f., while the constant lateral pressure is 0. 3 f . The specimen failure mode, the three-stage evolution rule of the longitudinal strains and the damage evolution law under cyclic loading were analyzed. Furthermore, Miner＇s rule is proved not to be applicable to the cyclic loading conditions, hereby, a nonlinear cumulative damage model was established. Based on the model the remaining fatigue life was evaluated. The comparison whh the experiment resuhs shaws that the model is of better precision and applicability.

万吨级张力拉伸机螺栓组预紧顺序工艺分析

为改善万吨级张力拉伸机力学性能,提高整机的可靠性,利用Ansys分析了7种不同的预紧顺序对拉伸机螺栓组连接性能的影响,并通过螺栓剩余预紧力、横梁的变形和螺栓结合面平均压应力3个指标对不同预紧顺序进行评价。结果表明对于螺栓剩余预紧力,最佳序列为序列3,其次为序列5;对于横梁的变形,最佳序列为序列1,其余序列的标准差和极差基本一致;对于螺栓结合面平均压应力,最佳序列为序列3,其次为序列1。对三个指标进行加权平均分析,得出预紧序列3的加权平均分为9.958分,为最佳序列,并且两边向中间预紧明显优于中间向两边预紧的次序。此结论对拉伸机的装配具有重要的工程价值。

钢板混凝土剪力墙拉弯剪性能试验研究

超高层建筑“细柔”特征容易引起底部剪力墙在强震下处于拉-弯-剪复合受力状态,中国《超限高层建筑工程抗震设防专项审查技术要点》(建质[2015]67号)建议墙肢采用配置型钢/钢板的方式来改善该种抗震性能,但缺乏相关试验研究。为此,进行了6片钢板混凝土剪力墙的低周往复荷载试验,研究了轴拉比、含钢率及剪跨比对墙肢拉弯剪性能的影响。研究表明:拉弯剪作用引起钢板混凝土剪力墙密集的裂缝分布和显著的钢材强化,并导致其剪切-拉弯耦合破坏。轴拉比增大,墙肢承载力、初始抗侧刚度和延性分别降低22%、41%和39%;剪跨比减小,墙肢承载力和抗侧刚度至少提升23%;同时增大含钢率和降低剪跨比,墙肢延性提高10%。相比其他国家规范,中国规范对拉弯剪作用下钢板混凝土剪力墙的抗剪承载力预测效果更好,但其未能考虑高含钢率对裂面销栓力的影响,故建议采用暗柱的初始含钢率进行修正。

高温后结构钢材单调拉伸和循环荷载试验研究

现有的火灾后钢材残余特性研究大多着眼于钢材在高热下或升温后的残余静力特性,而对过火后钢材在循环荷载作用下的滞回和抗震特性鲜有研究。对于建筑结构和桥梁中常用的Q235和Q355两种钢材,对其进行了500~1000℃的模拟火灾加热处理,并进行自然冷却或浸水冷却。对于冷却后的钢材试样进行了单向拉伸试验和2种不同荷载变化规律下的循环加载试验,得到了模拟温度和不同降温方式对于两种钢材滞回特征的影响规律。由试验结果可得,在受到的最高温度不高于600℃时,Q235和Q355钢材在自然冷却和浸水冷却后的单向拉伸和往复荷载工况下,其强度等级和弹塑性强度发展特征均与相应的未进行加热处理的钢材相似。当过火温度高于600℃时,自然冷却后Q235和Q355钢材的初始屈服强度会随过火极限温度的升高而逐渐下降。但在循环荷载影响下,钢材存在循环硬化效应,且该效应将随着过火极限温度的升高而逐渐显著。高温经历所导致的强度削弱会逐渐恢复。Q235和Q355钢材在循环荷载作用下的滞回刚度会逐渐下降,且极限温度和冷却方式会影响滞回刚度的下降幅度。高温过火且浸水冷却条件下,Q235和Q355钢材循环硬化效应显著,弹性域增长显著,循环荷载作用下塑性耗能能力下降明显。

大跨度反向芬克式桁架人行桥总体设计

某跨京杭大运河人行桥采用反向芬克式桁架桥,桥梁全长198 m,跨径布置为(15.9+150+15.9)m。桥体造型以运河帆影为设计灵感,梁、塔、索造型以运河上的漕运船为蓝本。主梁采用封闭式单箱三室钢箱梁,桥塔塔柱及撑杆均采用钢制梭形结构,布置在主梁中央,并与主梁固结。拉索采用双叉耳热挤压高密度聚乙烯高应力幅钢绞线拉索与冷铸镦头的组合体系,塔顶处为固定端,梁端为张拉端。反向芬克式桁架桥的整体刚度由拉索的张拉力提供,合理初索力的确定是反向芬克式桁架桥设计的关键。边跨成桥索力大,且锚固位置受选址红线限制,为保证传力路径可靠,在边索与主梁交接处设整体式传力板。经人致振动分析,采取在距主跨跨中两侧28 m处各安装1对TMD的减振措施,以满足人行舒适度要求。

高温作用后混凝土的动态轴拉力学性能研究

进行了高温作用后混凝土的单调拉伸和往复拉伸试验,分析了其主要力学特征参数(抗拉强度、初始弹性模量、峰值应变、残余应变、割线模量等)的温度效应和应变率效应。采用混凝土损伤模型,引入温度参数,提出了基于应变率效应和温度效应的混凝土加卸载模型,验证了模型的适用性。结果表明:混凝土的抗拉强度及初始弹性模量随着温度的升高而降低,峰值应变随着温度的升高而增大,残余应变累积与温度无关,而随应变率的增大而累积速率加快;混凝土卸载曲线的非线性程度与应变率呈正相关,与温度无明显关系;混凝土再加载曲线的非线性程度与温度呈正相关,与应变率无明显关系;通过对比得出,所提出的模型计算结果与实测结果吻合程度较好。

船型网箱运动-波浪场扰动-网衣受力耦合动力响应特性

船型网箱是一种由大型浮体、钢架、网衣系统及系泊系统构成的新型海洋养殖结构.大型浮体在波浪中产生的绕射和辐射作用会对波浪场产生扰动,进而改变网衣受力,这种相互作用此前还未被研究过.本文基于势流理论求得绕射波和辐射波在网衣周围波浪场的速度传递函数,同时采用莫里森方程求解计及波浪场扰动的网衣水动力载荷;对网衣水动力载荷与浮体运动不断迭代计算,实现计及网箱运动-波浪场扰动-网衣受力耦合效应的船型网箱动力响应分析;最后,研究了不同幅值的规则波下这种耦合效应对网箱运动、网衣张力、容积损失和连接器载荷的影响规律.结果发现:波浪场扰动对网箱运动和容积损失的影响不明显,但是会导致网衣张力和连接器载荷明显增大,这能够为船型网箱的结构强度校核及安全设计提供指导.

Strength criterion of composite solid propellants under dynamic loading

Based on the dynamic loading(1-100 s^(-1)) experiments under different temperatures(223-298 K) and stress states, uniaxial and biaxial strength criterion of a Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB)based composite solid propellant were further investigated. These experiments were conducted through the use of a new uniaxial INSTRON testing machine, different new designed gripping apparatus and samples with different configurations. According to the test results, dynamic uniaxial tensile strength criterion of the propellant was directly constructed with the master curve of the uniaxial maximum tensile stress. Whereas, a new method was proposed to determine the dynamic uniaxial compressive strength of the propellant in this study. Then uniaxial compressive strength criterion of the propellant was constructed based on the related master curve. Moreover, it found that the uniaxial tensilecompressive strength ratio of the propellant is more sensitive to loading temperature under the test conditions. The value of this parameter is about 0.4 at room temperature, and it reduces to 0.2-0.3 at low temperatures. Finally, the theoretical biaxial strength criterion of HTPB propellant under dynamic loading was constructed with the unified strength theory, the uniaxial strength and the typical biaxial tensile strength. In addition, the theoretical limit lines of the principal stress plane for the propellant under dynamic loading at different temperatures were further plotted, and the scope of the limit line increases with decreasing temperature.

Snap Tension in Mooring Lines of Deepwater Platform

Based on the theory of impact dynamics, the motion equations for a mooring line-floating body system before and after impact loading are established with consideration of the viscoelastic property of mooring lines. The factors that influence the taut-slack conditions of a mooring system are analyzed through classifying the taut-slack regions, which are defined by non-dimensional ratios of displacement, frequency, and damping of the system. The mooring system of Jip spar platform is analyzed, and the snap tension characteristics of mooring lines are given. The factors that influence the maximum tension in mooring lines, including the mass of the floating body, length of mooring lines, frequency and amplitude of external excitation, and pretension in mooting lines, are also analyzed through computing the dynamic response of system and parametric study. It is shown that the maximum tension increases with the increasing mass of the floating body, external excitation and pretension. Also, it is found that the influence of the non-dimensional ratio of damping increases with the increase of the pretension in mooring lines.

Quantification of dynamic tensile parameters of rocks using a modified Kolsky tension bar apparatus

For brittle materials, the tensile strength plays an important role in mechanical analyses and engineering applications. Although quasi-static direct and dynamic indirect tensile strength testing methods have already been developed for rocks, the dynamic direct pull test is still necessary to accurately determine the tensile strength of rocks. In this paper, a Kolsky tension bar system is developed for measuring the dynamic direct tensile strength of rocks. A dumbbell-shaped sample is adopted and attached to the bars using epoxy glue. The pulse shaping technique is utilized to eliminate the inertial effect of samples during test. The single pulse loading technique is developed for the effective microstructure analyses of tested samples. Two absorption devices are successfully utilized to reduce the reflection of waves in the incident bar and transmitted bar, respectively. Laurentian granite （LG） is tested to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The tensile strength of LG increases with the loading rate. Furthermore, the nominal surface energy of LG is measured, which also increases with the loading rate.

铁路接触网套管双耳风致磨损特性研究

风区铁路接触网的风摆振动导致零部件磨损加速、线路维护成本剧增,严重时结构断裂失效,威胁列车运营安全。针对风区铁路接触网的零部件风振磨损问题,以易磨损件套管双耳结构为例,开展实际环境风载荷作用下的磨损特性研究。首先,建立接触网风致姿态解耦的风载荷识别与连接铰节点力重构模型,通过仿真计算得出风载计算公式与节点力传递系数,以新疆风区铁路实测接触网风摆姿态重构悬挂作用风载荷与套管双耳节点力时程。然后,建立套管双耳与腕臂接触的三维有限元模型,考虑双耳磨损间隙扩大导致螺栓预紧力衰减的Archard磨损预测模型,结合双耳连接铰节点载荷与动态螺栓预紧力,对风环境下套管双耳与腕臂为期1 a的接触磨损特性进行分析。结果表明:磨损初期,由于大接触应力导致磨损速率快,但随着预紧力衰减,接触表面磨损速率降低,廓形磨损深度由两边往中间逐渐增大,且靠连接铰侧磨深偏高,最大接触磨损出现在定位管上部套管双耳,累积磨损深度达0.52 mm/a,螺栓预紧力衰减达20.55%。套管双耳结构的磨损特性研究成果可为风区铁路接触网零部件的运用维护提供科学依据。

体育拉力训练器拉伸最大阻尼力预估模型

针对因阻尼力过大或过小带来的训练器减振效果降低问题,提出通过建立考虑干摩擦力及拉力的最大阻尼力预估模型实现有效改善。分析外界拉力以及体育训练器的受力特点,给出受力面在水平及竖直方向上受拉伸速度、拉伸位移及拉伸频率影响,通过三者的线性关系函数计算在各项目下拉伸力阻抗数值,获得直接阻尼系数与交叉阻尼系数,并结合拉力受力面出现切向载荷及干摩擦力关系,建立阻尼力有效预估模型,给出在普通拉力状态下载荷数值与阻尼系数,得到在拉力最大状态下载荷数值与阻尼系数。仿真实验证明,所提方法,与原始数据表达一致预估准确性高,具有较强的优异性及实用性。

隧道装配式仰拱施工荷载受力特征试验研究

研究目的:相比传统现浇混凝土结构,装配式结构具有标准化程度高、施工方便、现场占地小、机械化程度高、绿色环保等诸多优点。矿山法隧道采用装配式仰拱时,除考虑运营期受力工况外还要考虑施工期受力工况,为此需要在施工机具、拼装机等作用下对结构受力情况进行研究。本文以单线铁路隧道为工程背景,通过足尺试验研究预制仰拱块在施工荷载作用下的相关受力特征。研究结论:(1)当仰拱预制块单孔纵向拉紧力达到373 kN(37.3 t)时,环向缝最小处可闭合;(2)拉紧效果与拉紧顺序和拉紧方式有关,恰当的拉紧方式可改善拉紧效果;(3)在整个施工荷载作用过程中,仰拱预制块的钢筋和混凝土均处于受压状态,且未发生任何破坏,荷载作用位置及作用面积是影响仰拱预制块应力的重要因素;(4)本研究成果可应用于矿山法隧道及地下工程领域,为隧道智能化建造提供技术支撑。

风电叶片多点静力测试神经网络偏差耦合控制策略

为解决风电叶片全尺寸静力加载测试中叶片参数出现变化时系统加载拉力偏离的问题,文中参照偏差耦合控制方式,通过建立基于偏差耦合控制的反向传播神经网络自整定比例积分微分控制算法,搭建基于Labview的静力测试仿真模型来验证算法的有效性。结果表明,该算法在叶片参数波动微弱情况下加载点拉力维持在较低误差;叶片参数在波动较大情况下加载点拉力出现轻微波动,但维持在符合测试标准内。由此可见,该算法有利于提高系统的鲁棒性,解决了系统拉力在参数变化时偏离的问题,提高了加载曲线的精度,增强了系统的自适应能力。

基于平均应力修正的综框疲劳损伤分析及寿命预测

针对综框的高速特性和复杂承载状态,采用平均应力修正法对其疲劳特性进行仿真研究。文章在结构设计与负载估算基础上,通过ANSYS/WorkBench协同仿真环境实现了综框的有限元建模与静力分析。以基本S-N疲劳性能曲线为依据,构建基于nCode DesignLife的预定义疲劳项目仿真流程,探究正弦时间序列载荷作用下的综框疲劳行为。结果显示:铝合金综框失效状态为高周疲劳破坏(>2.6×105),其疲劳损伤主要发生在横梁两端局部区域,尤其是在弹簧悬挂处,集中分布有多个潜在失效危险域;铁质综框疲劳损伤覆盖区相对更大,且整体抗疲劳性能明显不及铝合金综框。可为实际工况下的综框疲劳寿命分析及损伤机理研究提供有力参考。