Progressive collapse resisting capacity of reinforced concrete load bearing wall structures

Reinforced concrete(RC) load bearing wall is widely used in high-rise and mid-rise buildings. Due to the number of walls in plan and reduction in lateral force portion, this system is not only stronger against earthquakes, but also more economical. The effect of progressive collapse caused by removal of load bearing elements, in various positions in plan and stories of the RC load bearing wall system was evaluated by nonlinear dynamic and static analyses. For this purpose, three-dimensional model of 10-story structure was selected. The analysis results indicated stability, strength and stiffness of the RC load-bearing wall system against progressive collapse. It was observed that the most critical condition for removal of load bearing walls was the instantaneous removal of the surrounding walls located at the corners of the building where the sections of the load bearing elements were changed. In this case, the maximum vertical displacement was limited to 6.3 mm and the structure failed after applying the load of 10 times the axial load bored by removed elements. Comparison between the results of the nonlinear dynamic and static analyses demonstrated that the "load factor" parameter was a reasonable criterion to evaluate the progressive collapse potential of the structure.

Effect of Optimum Plastic Depth on Stresses and Load-bearing Capacity of Autofrettaged Cylinder

Autofrettage is an effective measure to even distribution of stresses and raise load-bearing capacity for （ultra-）high pressure apparatus. Currently, the research on autofrettage has focused mostly on specific engineering problems, while general theoretical study is rarely done. To discover the general law contained in autofrettage theory, by the aid of the authors’ previous work and according to the third strength theory, theoretical problems about autofrettage are studied including residual stresses and their equivalent stress, total stresses and their equivalent stress, etc. Because of the equation of optimum depth of plastic zone which is presented in the authors’ previous work, the equations for the residual stresses and their equivalent stress as well as the total stress and their equivalent stress are simplified greatly. Thus the law of distribution of the residual stresses and their equivalent stress as well as the total stress and their equivalent stress and the varying tendency of these stresses are discovered. The relation among various parameters are revealed. The safe and optimum load-bearing conditions for cylinders are obtained. According to the results obtained by theoretical analysis, it is shown that if the two parameters, namely ratio of outside to inside radius, k, and depth of plastic zone, kj, meet the equation of optimum depth of plastic zone, when the pressure contained in an autofrettaged cylinder is lower than two times the initial yield pressure of the unautofrettaged cylinder, the equivalent residual stress and the equivalent total stress at the inside surface as well as the elastic-plastic juncture of a cylinder are lower than yield strength. When an autofrettaged cylinder is subjected to just two times the initial yield pressure of the unautofrettaged cylinder, the equivalent total stress within the whole plastic zone is just identically equal to the yield strength, or it is a constant. The proposed research theoretically depicts the stress state of ultra-）high pressure autofrettaged cylinder more accurately and more reasonably and provides the reference for design of （ultra-）high pressure apparatus.

Influences of Installment Tensioning Technology on Bearing Capacity of Rectangular Prestressed Concrete Beam

To obtain the relationship between use of installment tensioning technology and the bearing capacity of prestressed concrete beams, tensile and cyclic loading tests are conducted on five rectangular prestressed concreted specimens. Two types of prestressed tensioning methods are adopted in the tests, one uses installment tensioning technology to tension beams on days 4, 12, and 8, 12, respectively, and the other adopts the conventional method to tension the beam on day 28 only. The age of concrete, number of times tensioned, and the prestress value of early tensioning are considered in tests. Results show that use of installment tensioning technology has no effect on the bending failure pattern of prestressed concrete beams, but it reduces prestress loss and increases crack and yield loads. © 2017, Tianjin University and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Experimental Study on Force Behavior of Steel Rein forced Concrete Transfer Beam Structure with Basement of Large Space

Based on comparative test of two transfer story models, in one of which the transfer beam and basement column is constructed of steel reinforced concrete, and the other is constructed of ordinary reinforced concrete, its force behavior, ductility and failure mechanism under vertical and horizontal loads are studied. The results show that loading bearing and seismic behavior of transfer story structure with steel reinforced concrete beam and basement column is good. The relative design suggestion is put forward.

Mechanical performance of shear studs and application in steel-concrete composite beams

This work experimentally investigates the effects of shear stud characteristics on the interface slippage of steel-concrete composite push-out specimens. ABAQUS is used to establish a detailed 3D finite element(FE) model and analyze the behavior of push-out specimens. The modeling results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on parametrical analysis using the validated FE approaches, the effects of important design parameters, such as the diameter, number, length to diameter ratio, and yield strength of studs, concrete strength and steel transverse reinforcement ratio, on the load-slip relationship at the interface of composite beams are discussed. In addition, a simplified approach to model studs is developed using virtual springs with an equivalent stiffness. This approach is demonstrated to be able to predict the load-displacement response and ultimate bearing capacity of steel-concrete composite beams. The predicted results show satisfactory agreement with experimental results from the literature.

Shear deformable finite beam elements for composite box beams

The shear deformable thin-walled composite beams with closed cross-sections have been developed for coupled flexural, torsional, and buckling analyses. A theoretical model applicable to the thin-walled laminated composite box beams is presented by taking into account all the structural couplings coming from the material anisotropy and the shear deformation effects. The current composite beam includes the transverse shear and the restrained warping induced shear deformation by using the first-order shear deformation beam theory. Seven governing equations are derived for the coupled axial-flexural-torsional-shearing buckling based on the principle of minimum total potential energy. Based on the present analytical model, three different types of finite composite beam elements, namely, linear, quadratic and cubic elements are developed to analyze the flexural, torsional, and buckling problems. In order to demonstrate the accuracy and superiority of the beam theory and the finite beam elements developed by this study,numerical solutions are presented and compared with the results obtained by other researchers and the detailed threedimensional analysis results using the shell elements of ABAQUS. Especially, the influences of the modulus ratio and the simplified assumptions in stress-strain relations on the deflection, twisting angle, and critical buckling loads of composite box beams are investigated.

新型钢节点装配式混凝土梁力学性能及破坏机制研究

由于传统装配式混凝土梁运输和施工难度大,提出了一种新型钢节点装配式混凝土梁,并试制了1根现浇梁试件与3根装配式梁试件,通过抗弯静载试验,对比研究了新型钢节点对装配式梁试件力学性能及其破坏机制的影响。根据试验情况,采用ABAQUS有限元软件进行了试件破坏模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:装配式梁试件可达到现浇梁的承载力水平;新型钢节点的钢端板厚度对装配式梁试件的整体承载力影响较大,当钢端板尺寸在一定范围内时,装配式梁试件的承载能力优于现浇梁;新型钢节点对混凝土的破坏形式影响较大,其梁纯弯段裂缝不同于现浇梁的受弯竖向裂缝,表现为弯剪斜向裂缝;有限元模拟结果与试验结果相吻合,可用于装配式梁试件的后续研究。

部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁抗剪试验研究

目的为研究部分充填式窄幅钢箱-UHPC组合梁的抗剪性能,方法对4根倒置组合梁试件通过三点加载方式进行了静载试验,通过研究其负弯矩作用下的破坏形态及变形特征,得到了组合梁的荷载-挠度曲线、应变分布、荷载-滑移曲线、最终破坏形态等。结果试验研究结果表明:UHPC翼板显著提升了组合梁的变形能力和极限承载力;相较于试件SUCB-3(NC翼板),试件SUCB-1(1/2UHPC翼板和SUCB-4(全UHPC翼板))的承载力分别提高了18.2%和27.3%,变形能力则分别增强了38.02%和41.2%;钢纤维的添加能有效地抑制翼板裂缝的开展,钢纤维掺量从0提高到2%,试件的最大裂缝宽度从1.06 mm降低到0.92 mm,变形能力增强了23.61%,承载力则提高了4%。结论提出了考虑钢箱、UHPC翼板和充填混凝土贡献的组合梁抗剪承载力计算公式。

装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能

为研究装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构抗震性能,对1个足尺轻钢框架结构试件和3个足尺轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构试件进行了低周反复荷载下的抗震性能试验及理论分析,试件变量包括:2种装配构造,即内嵌式装配墙板、外贴式装配墙板;2种轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板,即框架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板、桁架式轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板。研究了各试件的破坏特征和损伤演化过程,分析了结构滞回特性、承载力、变形能力、刚度退化、耗能性能和应变。结果表明:装配式轻钢框架-轻钢骨架轻混凝土墙板结构共同工作性能良好,其水平承载力相比轻钢框架提高了204.7%~210.4%,抗侧刚度提高了257.3%~512.5%,结构变形及耗能能力有显著提高;内嵌墙板的自攻钉连接构造以及外贴墙板的螺栓连接构造传力性能可靠,结构具备2道抗震防线的受力特征;基于简化塑性分析模型以及拉压杆软化桁架模型,对试件承载力进行了计算,计算结果与试验符合较好。

卷积神经网络与随机场分析桩梁基础承载力

岩土体的参数在空间上随机分布,为能更好地反应实际工程地质条件,在桩基础承载力研究中考虑土体的不确定性,并建立具有重要工程价值的承载力预测模型,将基于随机场理论的岩土参数空间变异性引入桩梁基础的研究中,采用数值方法建立桩梁基础与群桩基础的二维随机有限元模型分析承载能力,并与模型试验结果验证。随后通过卷积神经网络建立土体参数随机场图像与基础极限承载力之间的模型进行承载力预测,并基于预测模型研究不同参数的影响。结果表明:考虑土体空间变异性的基础承载力与试验结果基本吻合,随机结果均高于确定性分析;随机场下桩梁基础与群桩基础的承载力均为正态分布;采用卷积神经网络建立的基础承载力预测模型精度较高,且可以用于参数分析,基础承载力随着土体参数的增加而增加,随变异系数的增加而下降。随机条件下,桩梁基础的承载力高于群桩基础,可以充分发挥土体强度并抵御参数不确定性带来的承载力损失。

一种新型结构与保温一体化复合墙板节点试验

为解决复合墙板节点常见的保温板易燃、易脱落等棘手问题,并使其抗震性能良好。给出了一种新型的结构与保温一体化陶粒混凝土T型复合墙板节点。该复合墙板节点具有夹芯独特构造优势,主要表现在绿色节能,轻质高强,力学性能好,保温系统连接可靠,还能杜绝火灾的发生。通过对T型复合墙板节点进行抗震试验,分别研究了其滞回性能、破坏机理、承载及变形能力、延性、耗能、损伤等。结果表明:一体化复合墙板节点的破坏顺序为腹板-翼缘-节点核心区;薄弱位置主要发生在腹板脚部,混凝土被拉裂或压碎,钢筋被拉长或压弯等;节点核心区受力相对良好,安全储备充足;符合“强节点,弱构件”设计要求和墙板革新发展政策。延性系数大于3,墙板节点安全性能良好。通过损伤指标评估分析,了解了试件各阶段工作状态。

三水河特大桥桥墩温度场及温度效应研究

为研究温度效应对连续刚构桥空心薄壁墩受力行为的影响,以(98+5×185+98)m变截面预应力混凝土连续刚构桥——三水河特大桥主桥为背景,通过现场温度场测试,研究桥墩垂直温度场和水平温度场的分布规律,并以实测温度场为依据,选取对桥墩刚度影响较大的桥墩高度、顺桥向宽度和壁厚作为关键参数,分析整体均匀温度T和梯度温度ΔT对空心薄壁墩受力的影响。结果表明:实测桥墩垂直温度场随着墩高的变化分布差异较小,水平温度场受日光照射影响较大,桥墩夏季的梯度温度值约为冬季的2倍。墩高对桥墩温度应力的影响基本呈反比关系,顺桥向宽度对墩底温度应力的影响呈线性增长趋势,壁厚与温度应力呈反比关系。对于长联刚构桥,为减小桥墩的温度效应,建议边主墩高度不宜小于60 m,桥墩顺桥向宽度宜尽量减小,桥墩壁厚宜取80~100 cm。

低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙受力性能试验研究

为研究低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的受力性能,对5个T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙进行了低周反复加载试验。基于试验数据,分析了T型组合剪力墙的破坏模式、滞回曲线、变形能力及耗能能力,重点研究了边缘约束条件、波纹类型以及轴压比不同变化参数对T型组合剪力墙抗震性能指标的影响规律。研究结果表明:T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙破坏模式主要有压屈破坏和压弯破坏两种;设置边缘约束构件是提高T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙承载能力和变形能力的关键因素;纵向窄波纹钢板对内部混凝土的约束能力更强,在低周反复荷载下两者协同工作性更优,而横向窄波纹钢板试件强度退化最严重;采用全截面塑性设计方法进行T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙正截面承载力计算,试验值与计算值吻合良好;T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙具有较好的承载能力和变形能力,可适用于高层及超高层建筑结构中。

疲劳加载历史对型钢再生混凝土黏结性能的影响

型钢再生混凝土结构既可以实现废弃骨料的再生利用,又具有较高的刚度、承载力及良好的抗震性能,是一种兼顾节能环保与结构性能的新型组合结构。为了研究疲劳加载历史对型钢再生混凝土黏结性能的影响,文章设计了梁式试件,并研制了一种带有球铰的梁式加载装置,先对试件进行了以加载频率和应力水平为关键参数的200万次疲劳加载,而后进行静力加载。试验结果表明:试件最终破坏模式为静力荷载作用下的黏结滑移破坏,证明文章的试件设计和加载方案的有效性。经历疲劳加载后,试件的破坏过程与原静力试验相似;型钢应变和滑移沿锚固长度方向上的分布规律与原静力试验相同,均在荷载上升段呈负指数分布,在荷载下降段呈线性分布;一定范围内,增大应力水平和加载速率,试件剩余承载力降低。

飞机薄壁件损伤铆接修理前后承载能力分析

铆接是飞机结构损伤修理中常用的修理方法之一。为深入研究飞机薄壁件损伤铆接修理前后的承载能力和破坏形式,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了其三维有限元模型,进行了准静态拉伸仿真模拟,并将相应的模拟结果与试验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:有限元分析能有效模拟飞机薄壁件损伤铆接修理前后的承载能力和破坏形式;同时,进一步分析了铆钉布置和盖板形状对飞机薄壁件损伤铆接修理前后承载能力的影响。这些结果为研究飞机结构铆接修理工艺参数优化设计提供了参考依据。

火灾后圆形孔蜂窝组合梁受力性能研究

圆形孔蜂窝组合梁火灾后的力学性能研究,可为受火后建筑结构性能评估提供参考依据。对4根火灾后圆形孔蜂窝组合梁及1根未过火处理圆形孔蜂窝组合梁开展静力加载试验,分析火灾、加劲肋设置、开孔率等因素对圆形孔蜂窝组合梁破坏形态、抗弯刚度及承载能力的影响。结果表明:降低开孔率可以提高火灾后圆形孔蜂窝组合梁的抗弯刚度和极限承载能力;设置加劲肋的火灾后圆形孔蜂窝组合梁与未设置加劲肋的构件相比,其极限承载能力提高了6.9%;火灾前、后,圆形孔蜂窝组合梁在静力荷载作用下均发生弯曲破坏,但火灾后其开裂荷载、极限承载能力和延性均出现不同幅度的下降;提出了具有良好精度的圆形孔蜂窝组合梁火灾后剩余抗弯承载力的计算方法。

混合联肢PEC墙结构简化力学分析模型及承载力计算

为克服钢筋混凝土墙肢底部易发生脆性破坏的缺点,提高联肢剪力墙结构的抗震性能,采用PEC剪力墙肢代替混合联肢剪力墙结构中的钢筋混凝土剪力墙肢,形成新型混合联肢PEC墙结构.通过改变钢连梁截面尺寸、PEC墙肢宽厚比以及楼层数形成3个系列共8个模型,研究了弹性耦连比和改变弹性耦连比的方式对混合联肢PEC墙结构滞回性能和应力分布的影响.结果表明:各个系列模型滞回曲线均饱满而稳定,未出现明显捏缩现象,证明混合联肢PEC墙结构抗震性能好、耗能能力强,适用于高烈度抗震设防地区;与已有联肢墙结构研究成果一致,弹性耦连比是影响混合联肢PEC墙结构整体性能的主要因素,并不会因为实现方式不同而影响结构应力分布规律;为保证结构达极限承载能力状态时各层钢连梁均发生剪切屈服并充分发展塑性,同时避免受拉侧墙肢发生延性较差的小偏心受拉破坏,应控制弹性耦连比小于等于70%;基于有限元模型分析结果,探讨了混合联肢PEC墙结构受力机理,建立了结构简化力学分析模型,给出了极限承载力计算公式;试验及有限元模型分析结果与理论计算结果误差在15%以内,且均为理论值偏低,证明本文提出的混合联肢PEC墙结构极限承载力计算公式精度较高且偏于安全,可用于计算结构极限承载力.

钢板混凝土剪力墙拉弯剪性能试验研究

超高层建筑“细柔”特征容易引起底部剪力墙在强震下处于拉-弯-剪复合受力状态,中国《超限高层建筑工程抗震设防专项审查技术要点》(建质[2015]67号)建议墙肢采用配置型钢/钢板的方式来改善该种抗震性能,但缺乏相关试验研究。为此,进行了6片钢板混凝土剪力墙的低周往复荷载试验,研究了轴拉比、含钢率及剪跨比对墙肢拉弯剪性能的影响。研究表明:拉弯剪作用引起钢板混凝土剪力墙密集的裂缝分布和显著的钢材强化,并导致其剪切-拉弯耦合破坏。轴拉比增大,墙肢承载力、初始抗侧刚度和延性分别降低22%、41%和39%;剪跨比减小,墙肢承载力和抗侧刚度至少提升23%;同时增大含钢率和降低剪跨比,墙肢延性提高10%。相比其他国家规范,中国规范对拉弯剪作用下钢板混凝土剪力墙的抗剪承载力预测效果更好,但其未能考虑高含钢率对裂面销栓力的影响,故建议采用暗柱的初始含钢率进行修正。

针对夏热冬冷地区的新型承载蓄热超结构墙体力学性能与温控效能研究

相变蓄热墙体能够有效降低室外温度波动对内墙面温度的干扰,提升室内热环境的稳定性并降低建筑能耗.由于冬夏季气象条件的差异,相变材料(phase change material,PCM)熔点的选择成为影响墙体热工性能的重要因素.为了实现蓄热墙体冬夏两季的高效利用,该研究构建了新型承载蓄热超结构墙体数值模型,对墙体力学性能进行检验,并模拟了冬季典型日和夏季典型日空气对流换热下墙体传热特性.结果表明,新型承载蓄热超结构墙体的力学性能满足工程应用需求,同时相较普通墙体具有良好的传热特性.其中,熔点为20℃的墙体在冬季热工性能最好,峰值相变率达到0.30,且内壁面最大温度波动为5.8℃,在夏季工况中,熔点为30℃的墙体具有较高的相变利用率为0.48,熔点为24℃的墙体内壁面温度波动最小.最后,综合考虑相变利用率和衰减倍数,获得了夏热冬冷地区最佳相变墙体熔点为24℃.

原竹抱口梁柱节点抗弯性能研究

竹材作为一种新型的绿色环保建筑材料,梁柱连接是现代竹结构推广需要考虑的重要问题。为了丰富原竹节点的形式,探究不同构造措施下梁柱节点的刚度和承载力,设计制作了3种形式的原竹抱口梁柱连接节点,按照金属连接件构造的不同命名为简易钢夹节点J1、贯通螺栓节点J2和自攻螺钉节点J3。每一种节点内部依据不同原竹等级设计3组试件,通过单调加载试验,探究节点弯曲力学性能及破坏特征,得到了3种节点的弯矩-转角曲线。基于弯矩-转角曲线变化特征,提出三折线刚度分析模型拟合节点分段刚度参数值,应用欧洲钢结构规范节点类型判别方法,对节点的半刚性程度进行了验证。结果显示:贯通螺栓节点J2和简易钢夹节点J1属于半刚性节点;自攻螺钉节点J3属于铰节点。研究表明:原竹等级对于简易钢夹节点J1和自攻螺钉节点J3的抗弯性能影响不敏感;对于贯通螺栓节点J2的抗弯性能影响显著,等级为T8时与连接件的协同工作性能最优。研究成果可为现代竹结构应用提供理论依据。