Analysis of asphalt pavement structural response from an accelerated loading test

This study was to compare theoretical calculation and practical measurement structure response of asphalt pavement. Analysis of the pavement layer moduli was determined from a Back-calculation of Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) data and the measured stiffness moduli of asphalt layer cores. The pavement response was calculated using a theoretical model and the measured strain response at the bottom different layers. Layered elastic theory was used to back-calculate the layer moduli and three different theory models were used to forward calculate the strain and deflection. The models were: Layered Elastic Theory (LET), the Method of Equivalent Thicknesses (MET) with linear elastic and the Finite Element Method (FEM) where asphalt layer may be viscoelastic. The results showed that the calculation structure response from FEM was consistent with measured results.

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION ON TERNARY-WAVES METHOD TO COMPILE ACCELERATED SPECTRA

The equivalent damage calculation formulae of fatigue crack formation andgrowth are established. In order to compile the fatigue crack formation and growth accelerated loadspectra, the main wave shapes and load sequence of the actual load spectrum are kept constant, andthe carrier waves are cut off. And secondary waves are put together into new secondary waves toshorten the test time according to the equivalent damage calculation formulae respectively. Then bythe fatigue cumulative damage calculation of the fatigue crack formation and growth accelerated loadspectra, the one corresponding to the bigger damage is determined as the fatigue accelerated testload spectrum. Therefore in the test process, the fatigue accelerated test spectrum may be appliedtill fatigue failure, the engineering fatigue crack length of full-scale structure need not beinspected, and the fatigue crack formation accelerated load spectrum need not be transferred intothe fatigue crack growth accelerated load spectrum. Finally, it is verified by tests of two kinds ofspecimens that the damages of the specimens caused by the accelerated load spectra are near tothose by the actual load spectra; namely, the tested life of actual load spectra is similar to thatof accelerated load spectra. But the test time of accelerated load spectra is shortened by aboutthree-quarters that of actual load spectra. From these tests, it is also found that the fatigueaccelerated test spectrum has an advantage over FALSTAFF spectra.

Approaches for a 3D assessment of pavement evenness data based on 3D vehicle models

Pavements are 3D in their shape. They can be captured in three dimensions by modern road mapping equipment which allows for the assessment of pavement evenness in a more holistic way as opposed to current practice which divides into longitudinal and transversal evenness. It makes sense to use 3D vehicle models to simulate the effects of 3D surface data on certain functional criteria like pavement loading, cargo loading and driving comfort. In order to evaluate the three criteria mentioned two vehicle models have been created： a passenger car used to assess driving comfort and a truck-semitrailer submodel used to assess pavement and cargo loading. The vehicle models and their application to 3D surface data are presented. The results are well in line with existing single-track （planar） models. Their advantage over existing 1D/2D models is demonstrated by the example of driving comfort evaluation. Existing ＂geometric＂ limit values for the assessment of longi- tudinal evenness in terms of the power spectral density could be used to establish corre- sponding limit values for the dynamic response, i.e. driving comfort, pavement loading and cargo loading. The limit values are well in line with existing limit values based on planar vehicle models. They can be used as guidelines for the proposal of future limit values. The investigations show that the use of 3D vehicle models is an appropriate and meaningful way of assessing 3D evenness data gathered by modern road mapping systems.

The load criteria for ship mechanical noise prediction in low frequencies and experimental validation

The loading method of the external excitations generated by the equipment directly affects the predicted result of the mechanical noise which should be the same under different excitation forms for the given equipment.In this paper,general load criteria are proposed to define forces/moments as the standard form and convert other forms of loads in the low-frequency domain.As the most typical form to charac-terize equipment excitation,acceleration load loading methods for different conditions are investigated.The equivalent formula between ideal accelerations and generalized forces establishes the first load cri-terion.The second load criterion is proposed to address the issue of an average acceleration loading,in which the phase and amplitude distribution are both absent,and cannot apply to the load identification.The upper and lower limits of the mechanical noise can be determined by the vibroacoustic transfer func-tion of the three load models,and the energy-averaged value is used to represent the mechanical noise.Furthermore,the third criterion is used to handle the case where the acceleration load is given by the results of a bench test.According to the equipment source descriptor invariance,the conversion method is achieved between the bench test and the real ship based on the transfer function of a load model,and the mechanical noise is predicted by an equivalent energy method.Finally,a three-parameter method to quantitatively evaluate the well-fitting of experimental and numerical results,and the load criteria are well validated by underwater acoustic experiments of an experimental model.

Application of SNi PER framework to BESⅢ physics analysis

A fast physics analysis framework has been developed based on SNi PER to process the increasingly large data sample collected by BESⅢ.In this framework,a reconstructed event data model with Smart Ref is designed to improve the speed of Input/Output operations,and necessary physics analysis tools are migrated from BOSS to SNi PER.A real physics analysis e~＋e^-→ π~＋π^-J/ψ is used to test the new framework,and achieves a factor of10.3 improvement in Input/Output speed compared to BOSS.Further tests show that the improvement is mainly attributed to the new reconstructed event data model and the lazy-loading functionality provided by Smart Ref.