Stiffness Degradation Modeling for Composite Wind Turbine Blades Based on Full-Scale Fatigue Testing

In order to provide more insights into the damage propagation composite wind turbine blades(blade)under cyclic fatigue loading,a stiffness degradation model for blade is proposed based on the full-scale fatigue testing of a blade.A novel non-linear fatigue damage accumulation model is proposed using the damage assessment theories of composite laminates for the first time.Then,a stiffness degradation model is established based on the correlation of fatigue damage and residual stiffness of the composite laminates.Finally,a stiffness degradation model for the blade is presented based on the full-scale fatigue testing.The scientific rationale of the proposed stiffness model of blade is verified by using full-scale fatigue test data of blade with a total length of 52.5 m.The results indicate that the proposed stiffness degradation model of the blade agrees well with the fatigue testing results of this blade.This work provides a basis for evaluating the fatigue damage and lifetime of blade under cyclic fatigue loading.

Experimental and analytical study on design performance of full-scale viscoelastic dampers

Viscoelastic（VE） dampers, with their stiffness and energy dissipation capabilities, have been widely used in civil engineering for mitigating wind-induced vibration and seismic responses of structures, thus enhancing the comfort of residents and serviceability of equipment inside. In past relevant research, most analytical models for characterizing the mechanical behavior of VE dampers were verified by comparing their predictions with performance test results from small-scale specimens, which might not adequately or conservatively represent the actual behavior of full-scale dampers, especially with regard to the ambient temperature, temperature rise, and heat convection effects. Thus, in this study, by using a high-performance testing facility with a temperature control system, full-scale VE dampers were dynamically tested with different displacement amplitudes, excitation frequencies, and ambient temperatures. By comparing the analytical predictions with the experimental results, it is demonstrated that adopting the fractional derivative method together with considering the effects of excitation frequencies, ambient temperatures, temperature rises, softening, and hardening, can reproduce the design performance of full-scale VE dampers very well.

APPROXIMATE POWER OF HETEROSCEDASTICITY TEST IN NONLINEAR MODELS WITH ARIMA（0,1,0） ERRORS

This paper presents an approach for estimating power of the score test, based on an asymptotic approximation to the power of the score test under contiguous alternatives. The method is applied to the problem of power calculations for the score test of heteroscedasticity in European rabbit data （Ratkowsky, 1983）. Simulation studies are presented which indicate that the asymptotic approximation to the finite-sample situation is good over a wide range of parameter configurations.

Testing Linearity of Nonparametric Component in Partially Linear Model

In this paper, we propose the test statistic to check whether the nonparametric function in partially linear models is linear or not. We estimate the nonparametric function in alternative by using the local linear method, and then estimate the parameters by the two stage method. The test statistic under the null hypothesis is calculated, and it is shown to be asymptotically normal.

Slope analysis based on local strength reduction method and variable-modulus elasto-plastic model

Employing an ideal elasto-plastic model,the typically used strength reduction method reduced the strength of all soil elements of a slope.Therefore,this method was called the global strength reduction method(GSRM).However,the deformation field obtained by GSRM could not reflect the real deformation of a slope when the slope became unstable.For most slopes,failure occurs once the strength of some regional soil is sufficiently weakened; thus,the local strength reduction method(LSRM)was proposed to analyze slope stability.In contrast with GSRM,LSRM only reduces the strength of local soil,while the strength of other soil remains unchanged.Therefore,deformation by LSRM is more reasonable than that by GSRM.In addition,the accuracy of the slope's deformation depends on the constitutive model to a large degree,and the variable-modulus elasto-plastic model was thus adopted.This constitutive model was an improvement of the Duncan–Chang model,which modified soil's deformation modulus according to stress level,and it thus better reflected the plastic feature of soil.Most importantly,the parameters of the variable-modulus elasto-plastic model could be determined through in-situ tests,and parameters determination by plate loading test and pressuremeter test were introduced.Therefore,it is easy to put this model into practice.Finally,LSRM and the variable-modulus elasto-plastic model were used to analyze Egongdai ancient landslide.Safety factor,deformation field,and optimal reinforcement measures for Egongdai ancient landslide were obtained based on the proposed method.

The Latest Progress in Varying-coefficient Models

变化系数模型是古典线性模型的有用延期。他们广泛地被用于经济， biomedicine，传染病学等等。他们上有广泛的研究在最近三十年年。在这份报纸，许多与变化系数模型有关的模型被聚集起来。各种变化系数模型上的假设测试的评价过程和理论被总结。从我的意见，等待学习的一些方面被建议。

Generalized Likelihood Ratio Tests for Varying-Coefficient Models with Censored Data

In this paper, we extend the generalized likelihood ratio test to the varying-coefficient models with censored data. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the proposed test and demonstrate that its limiting null distribution follows a distribution, with the scale constant and the number of degree of freedom being independent of nuisance parameters or functions, which is called the wilks phenomenon. Both simulated and real data examples are given to illustrate the performance of the testing approach.

Testing Equality of Nonparametric Functions in Two Partially Linear Models

We propose the test statistic to check whether the nonpararnetric functions in two partially linear models are equality or not in this paper. We estimate the nonparametric function both in null hypothesis and the alternative by the local linear method, where we ignore the parametric components, and then estimate the parameters by the two stage method. The test statistic is derived, and it is shown to be asymptotically normal under the null hypothesis.

水流强度对淹没式方桩局部冲刷特性的影响

为研究不同水流强度作用下淹没式方桩的局部冲刷特性及流场变化,开展了非均匀沙条件下的桩基局部冲刷试验,分析了桩周的冲刷地形、冲刷深度变化规律;利用OpenFOAM对不同水流强度下的桩周流场进行了模拟,讨论了桩前马蹄涡、桩周回流和下降水流的分布特点。结果表明:在清水冲刷条件下,桩周的冲刷坑深度、沙丘高度和受冲刷影响区域大小均随水流强度的增大而增大;在平衡冲刷地形下,高水流强度冲刷后桩周流动更加复杂,冲刷坑内的涡流强度大幅度提高;当水流强度接近1时,粗颗粒泥沙对细颗粒的屏蔽效应会在一定程度上影响桩周最大冲刷深度。

基于加速度分量测量的水下网衣破损定位方法

为防止网衣发生破损时造成严重的经济损失,有必要对网衣进行破损定位检测。为了获得网衣破损位置的精准识别和实时监测,将网衣物理试验与数值模拟计算结合,提出了一种基于加速度分量测量的网衣破损定位建模方法。该方法增大了破损区域与非破损区域监测点的数据差异,从而确定网衣破损的位置。结果显示:监测点的位置选择、参数指标的选取是影响网衣破损定位效果的主要因素。将网目节点作为监测点可以增加监测点感知破损的能力,选用加速度分量作为指标参数,可以增大各个监测区域的数据差异,提升模型对破损的定位能力。在特定的规则波工况下,使用人工神经网络对破损定位的准确率高达97.9%。本研究为养殖网箱水下网衣破损位置的识别提供了新方法。

基于图可解释网络的软件错误定位

软件错误定位技术旨在通过挖掘程序与测试用例执行数据,提升定位准确性;针对SBFL技术过于依赖二进制覆盖信息的问题,提出一种基于图可解释网络的软件错误定位方法,将测试执行转化为图结构,利用图注意网络建模深度挖掘代码片段隐含的信息及其相互关系,并采用强化学习思想对图注意力网络学习后的决策过程进行解释,从而确定关键节点,缩小错误定位范围;实验的场景设立在Defects4j数据集的5个项目进行,并与SBFL及未经过解释的深度学习方法进行了对比;结果显示,基于图可解释网络的定位方法在Top-1、Top-3和Top-5指标上分别提升了7.26%、7.56%和9.96%,EXAM指数也提升了8.98%,显著优于其他方法。

High-frequency interference waves in low strain dynamic testing of X-section concrete piles

Stress waves propagate along vertical,radial and circumferential directions when a non-uniformly distributed load is applied at one end of a three-dimensional shaft.As a result,the receiving signals are usually mixed with undesired interference components,often featuring as high-frequency fluctuations.Previous studies have revealed that sectional geometry(shape and size)greatly affects the high-frequency interference.In this study,low strain dynamic testing on full-scale X-section concrete is conducted in order to investigate the influences of high-frequency interference on velocity responses at the pile head.Emphasis is placed on the frequency and peak value of interference waves at various receiving points.Additionally,the effects of the geometrical,and mechanical properties of the pile shaft on high-frequency interference are elaborated on through the three-dimensional finite element method.The results show that the measured wave is obscured by interference waves superposed by two types of high-frequency components.The modulus and cross-sectional area are contributing factors to the frequency and peak value of the interference waves.On the other hand,the position with the least interference is determined,to some extent,by the accurate shape of the X-section.

Tracking topological entity changes in 3D collaborative modeling systems

One of the key problems in collaborative geometric modeling systems is topological entity correspondence when topolog- ical structure of geometry models on collaborative sites changes, ha this article, we propose a solution for tracking topological entity alterations in 3D collaborative modeling environment. We firstly make a thorough analysis and detailed categorization on the altera- tion properties and causations for each type of topological entity, namely topological face and topological edge. Based on collabora- tive topological entity naming mechanism, a data structure called TEST （Topological Entity Structure Tree） is introduced to track the changing history and current state of each topological entity, to embody the relationship among topological entities. Rules and algo- rithms are presented for identification of topological entities referenced by operations for correct execution and model consistency. The algorithm has been verified within the prototype we have implemented with ACIS.

Remote Sensing Image Retrieval Based on 3D-Local Ternary Pattern(LTP)Features and Non-subsampled Shearlet Transform(NSST)Domain Statistical Features

With the increasing popularity of high-resolution remote sensing images,the remote sensing image retrieval(RSIR)has always been a topic of major issue.A combined,global non-subsampled shearlet transform(NSST)-domain statistical features(NSSTds)and local three dimensional local ternary pattern(3D-LTP)features,is proposed for high-resolution remote sensing images.We model the NSST image coefficients of detail subbands using 2-state laplacian mixture(LM)distribution and its three parameters are estimated using Expectation-Maximization(EM)algorithm.We also calculate the statistical parameters such as subband kurtosis and skewness from detail subbands along with mean and standard deviation calculated from approximation subband,and concatenate all of them with the 2-state LM parameters to describe the global features of the image.The various properties of NSST such as multiscale,localization and flexible directional sensitivity make it a suitable choice to provide an effective approximation of an image.In order to extract the dense local features,a new 3D-LTP is proposed where dimension reduction is performed via selection of‘uniform’patterns.The 3D-LTP is calculated from spatial RGB planes of the input image.The proposed inter-channel 3D-LTP not only exploits the local texture information but the color information is captured too.Finally,a fused feature representation(NSSTds-3DLTP)is proposed using new global(NSSTds)and local(3D-LTP)features to enhance the discriminativeness of features.The retrieval performance of proposed NSSTds-3DLTP features are tested on three challenging remote sensing image datasets such as WHU-RS19,Aerial Image Dataset(AID)and PatternNet in terms of mean average precision(MAP),average normalized modified retrieval rank(ANMRR)and precision-recall(P-R)graph.The experimental results are encouraging and the NSSTds-3DLTP features leads to superior retrieval performance compared to many well known existing descriptors such as Gabor RGB,Granulometry,local binary pattern(LBP),Fisher vector(FV),vector of locally aggregated descriptors(VLAD)and median robust extended local binary pattern(MRELBP).For WHU-RS19 dataset,in terms of{MAP,ANMRR},the NSSTds-3DLTP improves upon Gabor RGB,Granulometry,LBP,FV,VLAD and MRELBP descriptors by{41.93%,20.87%},{92.30%,32.68%},{86.14%,31.97%},{18.18%,15.22%},{8.96%,19.60%}and{15.60%,13.26%},respectively.For AID,in terms of{MAP,ANMRR},the NSSTds-3DLTP improves upon Gabor RGB,Granulometry,LBP,FV,VLAD and MRELBP descriptors by{152.60%,22.06%},{226.65%,25.08%},{185.03%,23.33%},{80.06%,12.16%},{50.58%,10.49%}and{62.34%,3.24%},respectively.For PatternNet,the NSSTds-3DLTP respectively improves upon Gabor RGB,Granulometry,LBP,FV,VLAD and MRELBP descriptors by{32.79%,10.34%},{141.30%,24.72%},{17.47%,10.34%},{83.20%,19.07%},{21.56%,3.60%},and{19.30%,0.48%}in terms of{MAP,ANMRR}.The moderate dimensionality of simple NSSTds-3DLTP allows the system to run in real-time.

考虑邻近建筑物影响的内撑式排桩基坑支护局部破坏研究

基坑开挖与周围环境相互影响,而邻近建筑物对基坑支护体系局部破坏的影响鲜有研究。通过内撑式排桩支护砂土基坑模型试验,研究了坑外有、无建筑物两种情况下基坑开挖、支撑局部破坏和桩后砂土渗漏对内撑式排桩基坑支护体系受力及变形性能的影响。试验结果表明:受邻近建筑物的影响,随基坑逐渐开挖,平行于邻近建筑物长边的支护桩桩顶水平位移增大,而垂直于邻近建筑物长边的支护桩桩顶水平位移减小,同时基坑中部内支撑轴力明显增大,角撑次之,边撑反而减小;邻近建筑物对平行于建筑物长边的支护桩桩身弯矩及反弯点影响较大,而对垂直于建筑物长边的支护桩桩身弯矩影响较小;局部内支撑破坏引起的坑外地面沉降较小,而内支撑连续破坏导致坑外地面产生显著沉降,影响范围为0.12~0.23倍开挖深度,同时临近的未失效支撑轴力显著增大,易引发连续破坏;邻近建筑物对平行于建筑物长边的支护桩桩身弯矩影响较大,对垂直于建筑物长边的支护桩桩身弯矩影响较小。当桩后砂土出现渗漏时,对平行于邻近建筑物长边的支护桩影响更为明显。

局部破坏对内撑式排桩支护基坑影响的模型试验

为降低实际工程基坑失稳事故发生率,通过室内模型试验研究了支撑失效、土体渗漏等局部破坏对内撑式排桩支护基坑的影响机理。试验结果表明:支撑轴力随基坑开挖加深而增大,靠近基坑中部的支撑轴力增量最大,坑角附近最小;支撑局部失效时,一部分荷载通过围檩传递到邻近支撑,另一部分荷载转换为支护结构的位移协调。当支撑全部失效后,支护结构整体刚度降低,支护体系变为悬臂排桩支护,支护桩位移、弯矩及坑外土体沉降量较支撑全部失效前明显增大;桩后局部土体发生渗漏时,土体迅速垮塌流进坑底形成土堆,同时坑外产生大范围的塌陷区,对周边环境及施工影响较大。

超载作用下土岩复合地层盾构隧道变形及破坏特征模型试验研究

地面突发堆载诱发运营期内地铁隧道病害的案例屡见不鲜,广州地区地铁隧道建设中常遇洞身上部为软土、砂层,下部为硬岩的土岩复合地层。目前对于局部超载作用下,土岩复合地层中盾构隧道变形与破坏特征并不明确,现行加固标准对于该种特殊地层的适用性也亟待验证。通过1︰5的土箱模型试验,探究不同硬岩比的土岩复合地层中隧道在正上方局部超载作用下的变形规律和破坏模式。试验结果表明:地层硬岩比对局部超载下盾构隧道的位移发展及其分布影响显著,结构的临界失稳荷载等级随着硬岩比增大而提高,结构破坏椭圆度随之减小,硬岩比的增大加强了结构外部围岩的约束作用,显著地控制了隧道椭变,但约束的加强也使结构呈现脆性性状,位移发展速率出现明显突变点;硬岩限制了其范围内管片的内力发展,且土岩交界面上部邻域管片产生应力集中现象,结构首先在此区域发生破坏,且常以贯穿式裂缝形式发展,随着硬岩比增大,结构呈崩角、劈裂等脆性破坏形式;隧道拱顶附加土压力会随结构失稳进入下降阶段,且随着硬岩比增大,软土压缩对地表超载的分散效应减弱,进而导致隧道拱顶附加土压力对地表超载更加敏感;将试验数据与现行加固标准对比分析,发现现行加固标准不适用于高硬岩比土岩复合地层中盾构隧道。研究成果可为加固标准结合地层因素优化提供理论支撑。

基于改进粒子群算法的晶圆良率优化

晶圆良率是衡量晶圆产品质量的重要指标,实现其稳定优化能够有效控制生产成本。针对晶圆良率影响因素众多、数据量庞大等特点,以晶圆允收测试为依据,设计了基于改进粒子群算法的晶圆良率优化方法。该方法在晶圆允收测试数据预处理与关键参数提取基础上,建立评价粒子适应度的晶圆良率预测模型,设计迭代自适应的粒子群惯性因子与加速因子,以及基于模拟退火的局部搜索机制,实现最小调整成本下的晶圆良率最大化目标。在某晶圆制造车间算例实验中,通过对比分析验证了所提方法的有效性。

钢箱梁局部稳定计算与横隔板受力研究

针对截面形式和构造复杂的正交异性钢箱梁,采用数值仿真与模型试验的方法,对钢箱梁的局部稳定与横隔板受力开展分析与研究。研究结果表明:在100 MPa轴压荷载作用下,主梁梁段处于弹性阶段,横隔板基本处于受拉状态,试验与数值计算结果吻合良好;在进行第一类稳定线性分析时,横隔板在横桥向拉应力作用下发生屈曲失稳,第1阶屈曲系数为-1.202,第380阶为-5.1;模型试验失稳破坏时的轴向荷载为2 160 t,此时除横隔板外大部分板件已进入塑性状态,属材料强度破坏,表明钢箱梁设计合理,节段稳定性能良好。研究结果可以给薄壁钢箱梁的设计与施工提供参考。

Image-Aided Analysis of Ballast Particle Movement Along a High-Speed Railway

As a core infrastructure of high-speed railways,ballast layers constituted by graded crushed stones feature noteworthy particle movement compared with normal railways,which may cause excessive settlement and have detrimental effects on train operation.However,the movement behavior remains ambiguous due to a lack of effective measurement approaches and analytical methods.In this study,an image-aided technique was developed in a full-scale model test using digital cameras and a colorbased identification approach.A total of 1274 surface ballast particles were manually dyed by discernible colors to serve as tracers in the test.The movements of the surface ballast particles were tracked using the varied pixels displaying tracers in the photos that were intermittently taken during the test in the perpendicular direction.The movement behavior of ballast particles under different combinations of train speeds and axle loads was quantitatively evaluated.The obtained results indicated that the surface ballast particle movements were slight,mainly concentrated near sleepers under low-speed train loads and greatly amplified and extended to the whole surface when the train speed reached 360 km.h-1.Additionally,the development of ballast particle displacement statistically resembled its rotation.Track vibration contributed to the movements of ballast particles,which specifically were driven by vertical acceleration near the track center and horizontal acceleration at the track edge.Furthermore,the development trends of ballast particle movements and track settlement under long-term train loading were similar,and both stabilized at nearly the same time.The track performance,including the vibration characteristics,accumulated settlement,and sleeper support stiffness,was determined to be closely related to the direction and distribution of ballast particle flow,which partly deteriorated under high-speed train loads.