Localization Algorithm of Indoor Wi-Fi Access Points Based on Signal Strength Relative Relationship and Region Division

Precise localization techniques for indoor Wi-Fi access points(APs)have important application in the security inspection.However,due to the interference of environment factors such as multipath propagation and NLOS(Non-Line-of-Sight),the existing methods for localization indoor Wi-Fi access points based on RSS ranging tend to have lower accuracy as the RSS(Received Signal Strength)is difficult to accurately measure.Therefore,the localization algorithm of indoor Wi-Fi access points based on the signal strength relative relationship and region division is proposed in this paper.The algorithm hierarchically divide the room where the target Wi-Fi AP is located,on the region division line,a modified signal collection device is used to measure RSS in two directions of each reference point.All RSS values are compared and the region where the RSS value has the relative largest signal strength is located as next candidate region.The location coordinate of the target Wi-Fi AP is obtained when the localization region of the target Wi-Fi AP is successively approximated until the candidate region is smaller than the accuracy threshold.There are 360 experiments carried out in this paper with 8 types of Wi-Fi APs including fixed APs and portable APs.The experimental results show that the average localization error of the proposed localization algorithm is 0.30 meters,and the minimum localization error is 0.16 meters,which is significantly higher than the localization accuracy of the existing typical indoor Wi-Fi access point localization methods.

Changing central-local relationin post-reform China:a geographical perspective

This study examines the evolution of fiscal relations between the central state and local governments in China since the founding of the People's Republic The emphasis is placed on the changing arrangement for the central state's collection of taxes and allocation of capital among provinces The central local relation has experienced constant reorganization since 1949, but the tax division scheme introduced in the early 1990s represents the most significant change Prior to the 1990s, the central local fiscal relation was shaped by a highly centralized administrative and economic system without rational and scientific design for revenue collection and expenditure The financial responsibility system established after the reforms contributed to regional economic development during the first decade of reforms, but it was a temporary and transitional arrangement that does not meet the requirement of rational resources arrangement according to free market forces The implementation of the tax division scheme has stopped the decline of the ratio of fiscal revenue to gross domestic product, raised the percentage of central revenue in total national income, and strengthened the central function for macro economic control The mechanism for tax refund under the tax division scheme required further improvements Several proposals are made in this study: 1) tax classification should be adjusted according to administration; 2) a scientific and standardized system for regional transfer payment should be developed; and 3) the power for tax legislation should be delineated according to the rational division of administration between the central and local government

Fingerprint Matching Based on Local Relative Orientation Field

A fingerprint matching method based on local relative orientation field is proposed. It extracts local relative orientation field around each minutia for minutiae matching. Local orientation features are also used to sorting minutiae in order to speed up searching a minutia when pairing minutiae. The experimental result reveals that this method achieves improved recognition accuracy. Key words fingerprint matching - ridge-based minutiae matching - local relative orientation field - sorting minutiae CLC number TP 391 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60373023)Biography: ZHU En (1976-), male, Ph. D candidate, research direction: pattern recognition, image processing and information security.

ANALYSIS OF THE LOCALIZATION OF DAMAGE AND THE COMPLETE STRESS-STRAIN RELATION FOR MESOSCOPIC HETEROGENEOUS BRITTLE ROCK SUBJECTED TO COMPRESSIVE LOADS

A micromechanics-based model is established. The model takes the interaction among sliding cracks into account, and it is able to quantify the effect of various parameters on the localization condition of damage and deformation for brittle rock subjected to compressive loads. The closed-form explicit expression for the complete stress-strain relation of rock containing microcracks subjected to compressive loads was obtained. It is showed that the complete stress-strain relation includes linear elasticity,nonlinear hardening,rapid stress drop and strain softening.The behavior of rapid stress drop and strain softening is due to localization of deformation and damage. Theoretical predictions have shown to be consistent with the experimental results.

ANALYSIS OF THE LOCALIZATION OF DAMAGE AND THE COMPLETE (STRESS-STRAIN) RELATION FOR MESOSCOPIC HETEROGENEOUS ROCK UNDER UNIAXIAL TENSILE LOADING

The mechanical behavior of rock under uniaxial tensile loading is different from that of rock under compressive loads. A micromechanics-based model was proposed for mesoscopic heterogeneous brittle rock undergoing irreversible changes of their microscopic structures due to microcrack growth. The complete stress-strain relation including linear elasticity, nonlinear hardening,rapid stress drop and strain softening was obtained. The influence of all microcracks with different sizes and orientations were introduced into the constitutive relation by using the probability density function describing the distribution of orientations and the probability density function describing the distribution of sizes. The influence of Weibull distribution describing the distribution of orientations and Rayleigh function describing the distribution of sizes on the constitutive relation were researched. Theoretical predictions have shown to be consistent with the experimental results.

RELATIVE STABILITY FOR LOCAL MEDIAN ESTIMATE

Consider the nonparametric median regression model Y-ni = g(x(ni)) + epsilon(ni), 1 less than or equal to i less than or equal to n, where Y-ni's are the observations at the fixed design points x(ni) is an element of [0, 1], is an element of(ni)'s are independent identically distributed random variables with median zero, g(x) is the smooth function of interest, Suppose the local median estimate (g) over tilde(n, h)(x) of g(x) admits the Bahadur's representation. Under some regular conditions, the relative stability of the local median estimate is established in the L-2 sense.

Design of Lattice Structures Using Local Relative Density Mapping Method

In order to solve the problem of substantial computational resources of lattice structure during optimization, a local relative density mapping(LRDM) method is proposed. The proposed method uses solid isotropic microstructures with penalization to optimize a model at the macroscopic scale. The local relative density information is obtained from the topology optimization result. The contour lines of an optimized model are extracted using a density contour approach, and the triangular mesh is generated using a mesh generator. A local mapping relationship between the elements’ relative density and the struts’ relative cross?sectional area is established to automatically determine the diameter of each individual strut in the lattice structures. The proposed LRDM method can be applied to local finite element meshes and local density elements, but it is also suitable for global ones. In addition, some cases are con?sidered in order to test the e ectiveness of the LRDM method. The results show that the solution time of the LRDM is lower than the RDM method by approximately 50%. The proposed method provides instructions for the design of more complex lattice structures.

Rolling velocity and relative motion of particle detector in local granular flow

The velocity of a particle detector in granular flow can be regarded as the combination of rolling and sliding velocities.The study of the contribution of rolling velocity and sliding velocity provides a new explanation to the relative motion between the detector and the local granular flow.In this study,a spherical detector using embedded inertial navigation technology is placed in the chute granular flow to study the movement of the detector relative to the granular flow.It is shown by particle image velocimetry(PIV)that the velocity of chute granular flow conforms to Silbert’s formula.And the velocity of the detector is greater than that of the granular flow around it.By decomposing the velocity into sliding and rolling velocity,it is indicated that the movement of the detector relative to the granular flow is mainly caused by rolling.The rolling detail shown by DEM simulation leads to two potential mechanisms based on the position and drive of the detector.

IMMUNOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION AND LOCALIZATION OF CYTOCHROME P-450HSjISOZYME, AN ENZYME RELATED TO NITROSAMINE METABOLISM, IN HUMAN GASTRIC MUCOSA AND GASTRIC CARCINOMA

Monoclonal antibody (MAb) to rat liver cyto-chrome P-450j isozyme, an activating enzyme specific to nitrosamine metabolism, was used coupled with immunoblotting, densitometer scanning of SDS-PAGE gels and immunohistochemical technique. The trace P-450HSj isozyme (Mr. 51.5 Kd) was found in human gastric mucosa. It was similar to P-450j in molecular weight, catalytic and immunochemical properties. The concentrations of P-450HSj in mucosa of lesser curvature were higher than those in greater curvature. This might be one of the important reasons that lesser curvature is the commonest area for gastric carcinoma. But there was possibly less P-450HSj in gastric mucosa with cancer. Im-munohistochemically, P-450HSj was discovered in the cytoplasm of some glandular epithelial cells, especially in the glands with hyperplastic and intestinal metaplastic changes adjacent to carcinoma. It was also found in some normal glands and in tumor cells of high-differentiated adenocarcinoma, but not in those of low-differentiated ones. Following subjects are discussed: (1) the method of detecting trace P-450HSj, (2) the rule of distribution of P-450HSj, and (3) the relationship between the isozyme and the occurrence of gastric cancer caused by nitrosa-mines.

INTEGRATION OF A ZONAL FUNCTION RELATED TO THE LOCAL HARMONIC ANALYSIS ON SPHERES

In studying Local harmonic analysis on the sphere S',R.S.Strichartz introduced certain zonab functionsid(x,y))which satisfy the equation

纵向监管、地方选择性供地与产业结构绿色转型

地方政府的有效执行是中国式分权下提升中央发展战略实施绩效的关键,而中央政府对地方政府治理行为的有效监督则是其中至关重要的环节。本文基于2007—2019年中国微观工业用地供应以及中央环保督察的通报结果数据,采用广义双重差分法实证考察中央环保督察对地方政府选择性供地策略的影响及其机制。研究表明,中央环保督察促使地方政府降低污染密集型工业用地供应,增加清洁型工业用地供应,从而推动地区产业结构的绿色转型。机制分析发现,中央环保督察通过地方领导人职业发展激励机制以及产业转型能力机制对不同特征的城市工业土地供应结构策略产生异质性影响。本文结论对高质量发展背景下的央地互动关系与地方利用土地偏向性供给推动产业结构绿色转型具有政策启示。

Lack of Evidence for Local Adaptation of the Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly to Its Sole Larval Hostplant—The Wild Lupine

Local adaptation is an important process that drives the evolution of populations within species, and it can be generally expressed by the higher fitness of individuals raised in their native habitats versus in a foreign location. The influence of local adaptation is especially prominent in species that subsist in small and/or highly isolated populations. This study evaluated whether the federally endangered Karner blue butterfly, Lycaeides melissa samuelis (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is locally adapted to its exclusive larval host plant, the wild lupine (Lupinus perennis). To test for local adaptation, individuals from a laboratory-raised colony were reared on wild lupine plants from populations belonging to either their native (Indiana) or a foreign (Michigan and Wisconsin) region. For this purpose, lupine plants from the different populations were grown in a common garden in growth chambers, and one Karner blue larva was placed on each plant. Fitness traits related to growth and development were recorded for each butterfly across populations. Days from hatching to pupation and eclosion showed gender-specific significant differences across wild lupine populations and plant genotypes (within populations). The percent survival of butterflies (from hatching to eclosion) also differed among plants from different populations. These results indicate that wild lupine sources can affect some developmental traits of Karner blue butterflies. However, growth-related traits, such as pupal and adult weight of individuals reared in plants from native populations did not differ from those of foreign regions. The apparent absence of local adaptation to wild lupine suggests that, at least, some individuals of this species could be translocated from native populations to foreign reintroduction sites without experiencing decreased fitness levels. However, future studies including more populations across the geographical range of this butterfly are recommended to evaluate other environmental factors that could influence adaptation on a wider spatial scale.

地方高校涉外法治人才培养的困境及对策——以“一带一路”建设为背景

随着我国积极推进对外开放步伐的不断加快,涉外法律事务日益复杂化、多样化,对涉外法治人才的需求急剧增加。地方高校的涉外法治人才培养在统筹“两个大局”与统筹国内法治和国际法治时代背景下,面临着教学资源不足、教师队伍建设不完善、课程设置不科学、培养机制未精细化、协同培养未全面展开的困境。面对此困境,需要夯实地方高校涉外法治人才培养的基础,完善地方高校涉外法治人才的培养机制,在满足社会对涉外法治人才需求的同时,提高地方高校涉外法治人才培养的质量和效果。

央地关系与债务:以空间政治经济学看高质量发展

央地关系改革是化解地方政府债务问题的关键。防范化解中国的地方政府债务风险,短期内应该强化财政纪律和打破中央对地方政府债务的隐性担保(“软预算约束”),长期则应该加快全国统一大市场建设,充分发挥经济集聚功能,优化地方政府债务的空间结构,建立地方财政与实体经济的良性循环。从空间政治经济学视角来看,2015年新《预算法》实施在一定程度上改善了地方政府债务的空间结构,但兼顾化债和发展仍需进一步推动符合长期、全局、多维目标的央地关系改革。在理顺大国治理的空间逻辑基础上,深入推进央地关系改革,有助于地方政府转变增长模式并稳步化解政府债务风险,最终实现区域优势互补的经济高质量发展。

基于跨模态引导和对齐的多模态预训练方法

现有的视觉语言多模态预训练方法仅在图像和文本的全局语义上进行特征对齐,对模态间细粒度特征交互的探索不足.针对这一问题,本文提出了一种基于跨模态引导和对齐的多模态预训练方法.该方法在模态特征提取阶段,采用基于视觉序列压缩的双流特征提取网络,在视觉编码器中联合图像和文本信息逐层引导视觉序列压缩,缓解与文本无关的冗余视觉信息对模态间细粒度交互的干扰;在模态特征对齐阶段,对图像和文本特征进行细粒度关系推理,实现视觉标记与文本标记的局部特征对齐,增强对模态间细粒度对齐关系的理解.实验结果表明,本文方法能够更好地对齐视觉文本的细粒度特征,在图文检索任务中,微调后的图像检索和文本检索的平均召回率分别达到了86.4%和94.88%,且零样本图文检索的整体指标相较于经典图文检索算法CLIP(Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training)提升了5.36%,在视觉问答等分类任务中,准确率也优于目前主流多模态预训练方法.

局部-全局特征引导的图文多级关系分析与挖掘方法

具有语义相关性的文本、图像数据往往具有互补性,可以从不同角度增强语义理解,因此,图文语义关系挖掘是图文数据得以充分利用的关键。为解决图文数据深层语义关系挖掘不充分、检索阶段预测不精准的问题,本文提出了一种局部-全局特征引导的多级关系分析与挖掘方法。采用多头自注意力机制的Transformer建模图像关系,构建图像引导的文本注意力模块,挖掘图像区域和全局文本间的细粒度关系,融合局部-全局特征有效增强图文数据的语义关系。为验证本文方法,在Flickr30K、MSCOCO-1K和MSCOCO-3K数据集上进行实验,并与VSM、SGRAF等13种方法进行对比分析,本文方法中以文索图的召回率平均提升了0.62%,以图索文的召回率平均提高了0.5%,实验结果验证了本文方法的有效性。

欧洲难民城市融入政策研究——以华沙、马拉加、塞萨洛尼基和米兰市为例

2015年欧洲爆发难民危机至2022年俄乌冲突再次引发大规模难民浪潮以来,欧洲各国中央和地方政府在难民融入政策上展开较长时间的博弈,欧洲难民城市融入政策已成为影响欧洲政治生态的热门话题。接收难民较多的华沙市、马拉加市、塞萨洛尼基市和米兰市在难民城市融入政策实施中成为欧盟难民基层治理的代表,它们基于当地治理结构,以有限资源在政治紧张的空间内运作并解决难民带来的各种问题,其细分难民群体、加强市域协同合作、推行多方利益主体合作战略、合作制定融合服务内容等实践为应对欧洲难民浪潮带来的持续性挑战提供重要启示。

基于OBE理念的涉农类课程混合式教学模式改革探究

本文从教学目标与内容、教学模式和教学评价体系3个方面入手,对地方应用型高校涉农类课程教学现状进行分析。基于OBE教学理念,采用线上线下混合式教学模式,以园艺植物病理学课程为例,通过重构教学目标与内容框架,结合“线上+线下”重构教学过程,以及优化教学考核评价体系,对地方应用型高校涉农类课程教学改革进行探索研究。实践教学成效表明,改革后的教学模式增强了学生学习的主动性和自主学习能力,激发了其学习兴趣,教学满意度达94%。本研究为提高地方应用型高校涉农类课程教学质量,加强课程建设提供参考。

百年来伦敦大都市政府职责体系的演化

19世纪末至今,伦敦大都市政府职责体系经历了多轮调整。回顾百余年来大伦敦市的改革历程可以发现,其职责体系演化总体上呈现出“权责趋于上收、两级松散分工”的特点,都市政府职能集中于战略层面,地方政府承担具体事务治理职能。在此发展过程中,有多重因素对伦敦大都市政府职责体系的演化产生影响,但不同时期的主要影响因素并不相同。分析和总结伦敦大都市政府职责体系调整的特征及其影响因素,对于探索大都市政府治理机制发展规律具有特定借鉴意义。

地方方言资源进高校的价值和路径

地方方言资源进高校具有贯彻语言政策、提升教学趣味、传承民族文化、拓展教学资源等方面的价值,需要遵循内容的关联与针对、范围及方式适宜等原则。地方方言资源进高校的路径应多样,可以从开发方言校本课程、研发方言文化产品、综合实施课程教学、倾力打造校园文化等多个层面深入探索,此外还可尝试师生共建地方方言文化资源库,充分利用新媒体新技术,多模态、立体化地推广地方方言文化。