Residential environmental evaluation of local cities considering regional characteristic and personal residential preference—a case study of Saga City,Japan

Questionnaire surveys and subjective evaluations on residential environment were performed in order to grasp the main factors of residential environment of small local cities. The suitable evaluation index system was established, and the regional residential environment characteristics and personal residential preference types were analyzed, so that their influence on residential environment evaluation could be grasped. The results can be applied to the residential environment planning, construction and monitoring of local cities.

International Arts Festivals Visitors＇ Motives and Profile Characteristics： The Case of Two Medium-Sized Greek Cities

This paper presents an analysis of two renowned international arts festivals visitors＇ motives and profilecharacteristics, in two medium-sized Greek cities： the Kalamata International Dance Festival （KIDF） and theDrama International Short Film Festival （DISFF）. The purpose of the study was to determine the reasons visitorsattend these festivals, which is necessary for building more concise marketing strategies and, therefore,more successful and sustainable events, with long-term benefits, ranging from the local to the national levels.The research addresses international arts festivals that share four main characteristics： （1） they host internationalprofessional artists; （2） they feature explicitly-stated artistic visions and objectives; （3） they are publicly funded;and （4） they have achieved a consecutive 23 years of successful presence in each city. These two case studiesrepresent two cultural events which have managed to maintain their popularity and high status, on the Europeanfestival map, as well as to raise their host cities＇ cultural and tourism standards, despite the serious economiccutback they have both faced. Due to limited available funds, the festivals lack marketing resources andspecifically data collection on visitor motivation, a gap which this study aims to remedy. Primary datawere collected with the aid of online structured questionnaires, distributed and collected during autumn2016. Altogether, 130 questionnaires were answered by visitors of the DISFF and 186 questionnaires wereanswered by visitors of the KIDF. Even though both festivals share similar characteristics regarding theirorganization and their aims, our analysis emphasized the heterogeneity of the motives of attendance in connectionwith the visitors＇ profile characteristics, for each event. While some similarities were found, especially betweendemographic sample characteristics and visitors＇ profiles, the general picture to emerge from the findingsindicates significant differences between the two cases. Arts festivals-goers do not appear to constitute a singlehomogeneous market; rather, each event appears to attract different audiences for different reasons. Theimplications of these findings, deriving from statistical analysis, are discussed and suggestions for further researchare outlined. This research aims to contribute to knowledge concerning the marketing strategies of internationalarts festivals in medium-sized cities, useful for research and academic purposes, as well as to local and nationalauthorities and other agencies and bodies, responsible for urban tourism and cultural city/town planning andmanagement.

Sustainable Development Research in Chinese Medium-Sized City Based on SLEUTH

Compared with megacity, the medium-sized city is playing a more and more important part in the rapid urbanization process in China. Due to the expanding scale of the medium-sized city, urban growth is sprawl and this way leads to ecological, social and environment problems that are unsustainable. To measure the urban growth of the medium sized city, cellular automata (CA) model is employed. CA has proven to be a popular and effective modeling approach to investigate dynamic urban growth systems and for evaluating the impacts of possible policy options. We use the SLEUTH model, which is a well known CA model, to simulate the future urban growth of Huaian, Jiangsu province of China. The results confirm the value of SLEUTH which provides a rich exploratory of knowledge for evaluating the effects of possible decision-making in local government.

A Case Study of Affordable Housing in a Medium-Sized City in Central China

The main task of this paper is to explore the housing condition and housing policy in the vast but long-neglected middle-sized cities in China. Under the requirement of ＂Construction of 10 Million Units in 2011＂ from the central government, the affordable housing has started its nationwide building. Medium-sized cities are facing different developing periods but applying same housing policy as big cities. The paper examines the economic and social condition of the case city to find out the housing problems. It concludes that houses are affordable in these medium-sized cities, but housing policies are not implemented well. The paper proposed that housing affordability in medium-sized city is not about quantity but about quality. To keep houses affordable in these medium-sized cities, housing market, legislation, urban planning, public participation and intensive developments are all important.

Five-force Analysis and Market Strategies of Budget Hotels in Small and Medium-sized Cities --ake Xuchang Jinjiang INN for Example

Budget hotels, as an emerging hotel model, were started and attained a rapid development in China in the last ten years, and have proven to be important part of China抯 hotel industry. As competitions in the hotel industry become increasingly fiercer, budget hotel brands launch a fight for seizing more market share. Therefore, it is necessary for Xuchang Jinjiang INN as a famous hotel brand to be distinguished from the hotel product strategies of the developed economic areas in the development environment of the small and medium-sized tourism cities, so as to adapt to the characteristics of regional market.

Modeling Solid Waste Minimization Performance at Source in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Municipal solid waste generation is strongly linked to rising human population and expanding urban areas, with significant implications on urban metabolism as well as space and place values redefinition. Effective management performance of municipal solid waste management underscores the interdisciplinarity strategies. Such knowledge and skills are paramount to uncover the sources of waste generation as well as means of waste storage, collection, recycling, transportation, handling/treatment, disposal, and monitoring. This study was conducted in Dar es Salaam city. Driven by the curiosity model of the solid waste minimization performance at source, study data was collected using focus group discussion techniques to ward-level local government officers, which was triangulated with literature and documentary review. The main themes of the FGD were situational factors (SFA) and local government by-laws (LGBY). In the FGD session, sub-themes of SFA tricked to understand how MSW minimization is related to the presence and effect of services such as land use planning, availability of landfills, solid waste transfer stations, material recovery facilities, incinerators, solid waste collection bins, solid waste trucks, solid waste management budget and solid waste collection agents. Similarly, FGD on LGBY was extended by sub-themes such as contents of the by-law, community awareness of the by-law, and by-law enforcement mechanisms. While data preparation applied an analytical hierarchy process, data analysis applied an ordinary least square (OLS) regression model for sub-criteria that explain SFA and LGBY;and OLS standard residues as variables into geographically weighted regression with a resolution of 241 × 241 meter in ArcMap v10.5. Results showed that situational factors and local government by-laws have a strong relationship with the rate of minimizing solid waste dumping in water bodies (local R square = 0.94).

City Image in Ancient Chinese Local Chronicles: A Case Study of Upper Reaches of the Hanjiang River Valley

Taking the local chronicles of 18 counties in Hanzhong Prefecture and Xing'an Prefecture in upper reaches of the Hanjiang River Valley in Qing Dynasty, this paper tried to analyze the city map and the impression of ancient people about the traditional cities using the image element concept of Kevin Lynch. From comparing the city maps and text description, it summarized the important cognitive concept of "orientation", so as to better understand the relationship between space and society in traditional cities.

Characteristics of Cloud-to-ground Lightning during a Local Rainstorm in Meizhou City

Based on cloud-to-ground lightning data of lightning location system,Doppler radar data,and precipitation data of regional automatic weather stations,the characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning during a local rainstorm on June 4,2016 in Meizhou City were analyzed. The results showed that the spatial distribution of cloud-to-ground lightning from 14： 00 to 20： 00 on June 4,2016 in Meizhou City had obvious local characteristics,and the proportion of negative lightning was larger than that of positive lightning（ only 16. 8%）. The concentration period of positive lightning coincided with that of cloud-to-ground lightning. The peak of proportion of positive lightning lagged behind the peak of cloud-to-ground lightning,and appeared in the late period of thunderstorm disappearance. The dense area of cloud-to-ground lightning and the area with heavy rainfall coincided with the area with strong radar echoes. Doppler weather radar data had the feature of the headwind zone,strong combined reflectivity,vertical height of strong echoes,high echo top,and fast radial movement. The peak of cloud-to-ground lightning appeared one hour earlier than that of precipitation. There was no significant correlation between the frequency of cloud-to-ground lightning and precipitation. The peak of negative lightning corresponded to that of positive lightning,and cloud-to-ground lightning ended earlier than rainfall. After the peak of precipitation,convective system rapidly weakened and disappeared. Precipitation and the frequency of cloud-to-ground lightning fluctuated frequently during the whole process. The jumps and peaks of negative lightning were indicative of rainfall changes.

Order of Precedence Between Local Laws of Cities with Subordinate Districts and Regulations of Provincial Governments Clarifying Premises for Discussion Based on the Characteristics of Laws

The lack of descriptions regarding the order of precedence between the local laws of cities with subordinate districts and the regulations of provincial governments in Legislation Law of the People's Republic of China(Legislation Law) has led to two divergent views. One holds that "the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence over the regulations of provincial governments," while the other supports the exact opposite. This is a value judgment issue in legislation. To reach a solution, we need to clarify the premises based on the characteristics of the laws in question so that a basic common ground can be established for discussion. The first premise for traditional legislation is that a law should be based on experience as well as logic; the second is that the experience of authority subjects, plus the three aspects of logic should outweigh the experience of social subjects, plus the three aspects of logic. With respect to postmodern legislation, the first premise is that experience should override logic, and the second is that the experience of the authority subject should take precedence over that of social subject, with no requirements for logical consistency. Since Legislation Law fal s into the category of postmodern legislation, according to the premises, the argument that the local laws of cities with subordinate districts should take precedence enjoys wider acceptance, but the view is logically challenged in terms of conceptual consistency, system consistency and principle consistency. More studies must be conducted to facilitate the discussion.

数字化敏捷治理与城市形象建构进路——以淄博市为例

数字时代,地方政府有效建构城市形象,离不开数字技术赋能下的数字化敏捷治理。通过对数字化敏捷治理与城市形象建构的相关研究进行梳理,提出了数字时代政府建构城市形象的理论分析框架,并对淄博市城市形象建构进行案例分析。研究认为:数字化敏捷治理是数字时代背景下城市形象有效建构的有效办法,主要体现在机会感知下的精准治理、舆情响应中的快速治理以及趋势研判后的跟踪治理等方面;在地方政府对城市形象建构过程中应坚持数字化敏捷治理,具体体现在利用数字技术加强政府宣传、舆情应对以及长效治理。

东北黑土区典型县域耕地质量对耕地水田化的空间响应

[目的]耕地水田化过程对耕地质量具有至关重要的影响,明确东北黑土区耕地质量对耕地水田化的空间响应,是提升黑土耕地质量实现耕地可持续利用的重要前提。[方法]构建LESA耕地质量评价体系,采用CRITIC模型、双变量局部空间自相关模型,揭示耕地质量和耕地利用变化之间的空间响应关系。[结果](1)研究区耕地水田化现象剧烈,呈现出东部最强、西部次之、中部最弱的时空分异格局;(2)研究区耕地质量变化显著,耕地质量下降比例低于质量提升比例,表现出中部下降最高、西部下降次高、东部下降最低的时空格局;(3)研究区耕地质量对水田化的响应具有双重效应,负向响应更为敏感,整体呈现出东部耕地质量响应程度高于其他区域的空间格局。[结论]研究区耕地水田化对耕地质量具有正、负两种效应,依据效应方向进行耕地利用结构调整,是保护黑土耕地的重要途径。对于具有正向效应的区域应适度推进旱改水项目,而针对具有负向效应的区域应停止旱改水工程,积极进行水田休耕,并可适当地将其恢复为旱地。

“新乡土主义”理论与乡村聚落空间更新实践——以浙江省台州市黄岩区为例

中国百年乡建历程揭示了农业生产力革新、社会制度变革及其引发的乡村社会经济结构的根本变化,揭示了工业化和城镇化对乡村演进造成的深刻影响。纵观历史进程,我国新阶段实施乡村振兴战略,亟须创新规划建设理论,从而为高水平编制村庄规划、实施高质量乡村建设行动提供指南。“新乡土主义”规划建设理论基于十年来浙江黄岩乡村的一线实践,从实践中探索总结出“三适原则”“三位一体”“三个层面”和“三式规划”理论框架,在实践中取得了较好的成效,可为其他同类条件下的乡村振兴工作提供参考。

现代商贸城市景观地方性感知研究

现代商贸城市因其商业繁荣促使外来人口大量涌入、城市景观日新月异,挖掘地方商贸文化传统、发挥现代商贸产业特色、塑造城市景观独特性,并由此巩固居民与城市的情感联系、激发人的能动性、传承发展景观地方性是迫切需要探讨的命题。以全球最大的小商品集散地中国义乌为案例,通过文献梳理与实地踏勘对义乌商贸景观地方性感知进行提炼,利用调查问卷与SPSS、ArcG IS探析地方商贸景观对居民感知的影响以及各类居民群体对义乌商贸景观地方性的感知特征。结果表明:(1)居民对义乌地方性的感知和认同有利于景观地方性的传承和发展;(2)义乌商贸地方性构建过程的生活化与参与性增强了居民感知韧性;(3)商贸景观地方性传承发展具有多元潜力;(4)义乌商贸景观地方性感知由于感知主体的差异呈现出情感多样性。基于研究结果,提出通过明确定义感知节点、塑造地方商贸景观品牌、引导商贸景观地方性自驱发展,建构义乌商贸景观感知整体格局的适应性规划策略。旨在为现代商贸城市景观地方性的传承发展提供有益启示。

百年来伦敦大都市政府职责体系的演化

19世纪末至今,伦敦大都市政府职责体系经历了多轮调整。回顾百余年来大伦敦市的改革历程可以发现,其职责体系演化总体上呈现出“权责趋于上收、两级松散分工”的特点,都市政府职能集中于战略层面,地方政府承担具体事务治理职能。在此发展过程中,有多重因素对伦敦大都市政府职责体系的演化产生影响,但不同时期的主要影响因素并不相同。分析和总结伦敦大都市政府职责体系调整的特征及其影响因素,对于探索大都市政府治理机制发展规律具有特定借鉴意义。

宜居城市环境品质提升关键问题与研究路径

我国城市已迈入以品质提升为主的转型发展新阶段,宜居环境建设成为城市发展的新理念、新目标。本文介绍了“城市可度量、居民能感知、方法更本土、技术高融合”的城市环境品质提升策略与路线,重点阐述了“宜居城市环境品质评价和提升的本土化理论方法”“城市道路慢行系统与空间环境的适应性改造”“城市声、光、热环境品质的协同提升”与“城市宜居环境综合品质预测模型及应用”四大关键问题,以期构筑“新标尺”,支撑对城市环境品质的精确测度与科学提升。此外,本研究还就数智技术驱动下城市环境品质提升模式的创新与变革进行了探讨。

地方视角下苏州古城滨水街区节点活力营造策略——以山塘历史文化街区为例

江南城市水网纵横,水资源孕育了极具地方特色的滨水街区。随着城市建设发展,河道不再承载其原本的功能,街区滨水空间逐渐衰败。历史文化街区的地域特色及其在现代社会发展中如何平衡,关系到文化与历史记忆的传承。文章从“地方性”视角切入,对街区滨水空间节点进行分类研究,为节点活力营造提出具体策略。

设区的市立法权条款之再认识——基于现有研究与实践的反思

设区的市立法权条款中的“立法事项范围控制”与“赋权节奏控制”在实践中并未发生作用,意味着这一条款存在效力与实效性相脱节的问题。在法政策学的层面,从我国立法权纵向配置的基本逻辑——“法制统一”与“分级治理”原则在地方立法领域所展现出的紧张关系中,可以对这一条款效力与实效性的矛盾关系作出合理解释。在法解释学的意义上,只有对这一条款作客观目的解释,探求其在“今日法秩序中的规范意义”,才能获得适切的、符合我国立法体制整体发展趋势的解释方案。这一条款中的立法事项规定不应被视为“立法事项范围控制”,而是提示地方立法重点领域的“例示”规定。这一解释方案无论是在学理上或是在立法制度、立法实践层面,均具有充分的正当性,还为解决改革与法治的关系提供了一种可能的参考方案。

On the Development Principles and Models of Recreational Belt around Small and Middle Cities

The definition and type of recreational belt around metropolis were introduced,the development principles of recreational spot around small and middle cities were analyzed.With Baoding City as an example,the empirical analysis was conducted,and the development models of recreational spot around metropolis in Baoding City were put forward.

地方财政压力能否提升城市商业银行贷款质量

本文基于手工收集的2010—2019年我国122个城市商业银行样本,从信贷供给侧角度研究地方财政压力是否有助于提升城市商业银行贷款质量。研究表明,地方财政压力与城市商业银行贷款质量呈现出显著的非线性关系;城市商业银行信贷投放与地方政府中长期发展规划一致度较高时,地方财政压力显著提升城市商业银行贷款质量。实证证据反映出地方财政压力下,政府对信贷资源配置影响具有前瞻性,引导信贷资源配置在具有较好发展前景的产业,更好发挥“有形之手”调控作用。因此,随着政府治理体系的完善,适度财政压力能够更好调动地方政府善治兴业积极性,促进城市商业银行贷款质量的提升,从而有利于金融系统稳定和地区经济高质量发展。