A Pioneer of Human Rights Protection——An interview with Professor Wu Qing,Deputy to Haidian District/Beijing Municipal People's Congresses

The first time I have learnt the name Wu Qing was in a host show, "Close-Up" on CCTV-4. She is a professor of Beijing Foreign Studies Univer-sity, and moreover she is the daughter of one of Chinese literary giants, Ms. Bing Xin. I was immediately fascinated not

Human Rights in China:Exploration and Development of Whole-process People’s Democracy

Whole-process people’s democracy represents a new exploration of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era as well as a novel and important method for protecting the human rights of the Chinese people.It is conducive to solving a multitude of problems hindering the protection of civil rights and political rights.The greatest highlight of whole-process people’s democracy is that the people are the masters of their own country and exercise the power to govern the state through“extensive participation and consultation.”China’s experience and approaches in advancing whole-process people’s democracy provide a reference for other countries.

The Transformation of Environmental Governance from the Point of the Interaction between Government and National People's Congress

Taking cadmium pollution in X River as an example, the interaction between National People＇s Congress and local government was de- scribed. How the local government transforms its role in environment protection with the help of several deputies to National People＇s Congress was expounded from the angle of social construction, which also enlightened the way to build an environment protection road with Chinese characteristics.

Letter from Li Peng Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, To China Society for Human Rights Studies

China Society for Human Rights Studies, I would like to extend my warm greetings to the launch of your Human Rights magazine. Enjoying human rights fully is a lofty goal long pursued after by human race. Over the years when they carried out revolution, construction and reforms, the Chinese people have struggled indomitably and strived incessantly to achieve this goal. Progress made in this regard has caught worldwide attention. When struggling for, safeguarding, promoting and developing human rights, the Chinese people have always combined the universality prin-

Testative Discussion on how to be an Eligible Interpreter--Based on the People’s Republic of China of the National People’s Congress and Committee of the People’s Political Consultative Conference from 2012 to 2014

In recent years,with the rapid development of the Chinese economy,the“two sessions”in March of every year which sponsored by the ministry of foreign affairs attract more and more journalists from all over the world.The press conference in the“two sessions”likes an important window to show China’s policies and claims to the world.Meanwhile,the premier who answers questions in the press conference,respectively,shows the world the eloquence and polite manners of China’s premier,such as Premier Wen Jiabao and Premier Li Keqiang.Their astute response,excellent,and emotional expression makes a deep impression on audiences.Moreover,as a bridge between the speaker and the listeners,the interpretation once is incorrect will cause some mistakes even conflicts.Therefore,the interpreter plays a most important role in the press conference.How to improve the interpretation level in the press conference is a significant topic.The thesis mainly introduces the content of press conference interpreting from 2012 to 2014.At present,the practical study of press conference interpretation is far from enough.The last part gives the summary of the study and points out the main findings for the further study.

A State Leader,an Economist and a People's Representative——An exclusive interview with Mr. Cheng Siwei,former Vice-Chairman of the National People's Congress (NPC) and President of the Central Committee of the China National Democratic Construction Asso

In the midst of a stock frenzy in China and tight monetary policy carried out by the Chinese government, what knowledge can we glean from a respected state leader, an economist and a people representative?

Legislation has safeguarded the self-determination of Tibetan people——Interviewing Mr.Leque,the Chairman of the People’s Congress of TAR

My last interview of Mr.Leque was when he was the Chairman of the Government of Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR).As time went by,Mr.Leque became the Chairman of the People's Congress of TAR.Following the custom,I paid my respects by presenting a delicate Karta whereupon,he gracefully gifted me another in return.Talking and laughing between us put me at ease and then led naturally into my questions.

Tibet:14 Years of Brilliant, Extraor Achievements——An interview with Raidi, vice-chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

Tremendous changes have takenplace in Tibet under the state policy of reform andopening up to the outside world, especially over thepast 14 years since the Fourth Plenary Session of the13th Central Committee of the Chinese CommunistParty. Unprecedented are the development of the localeconomy, and so are the changes in the outlook ofcities and countryside in the region, and life of ethnicTibetan has kept improving.Raidi, vice-chairman of the Standing Committee ofthe National People's Congress (NPC), is a mostqualified eyewitness to these changes. He was born intoa serf's family before the Democratic Reform in thelate 1950s, and had worked on various leading posts inTibet before he was elected to NPC, China's highestlegislature. In July 1990, Jiang Zemin, then generalsecretary of the CPC Central Committee, cited Raidi asan example when speaking on the question of humanrights during an inspection tour of Lhasa. Said he,'What do human rights mean? Comrade Raidi, aformer serf, now works as the second most seniormember of the Chinese Communist Party Committee ofTibet Autonomous Region, his experiences bring outthe meaning of human rights. Aren't we justified topublicize that?'Following is a slightly abridged text of an interviewgiven by Raidi to our staff reporter on the eve of theNew Year's day, in which he talked about theachievements Tibet has made over the past 14 yearsand the Party's policy in Tibet.

审议促监督的转化机制——以Y市空间规划监督工作为例

人民代表大会制度是我国的根本政治制度,各级人民政府由人大产生,对人大负责,受人大监督。人大监督是规制现代政府公权力,避免其异化的重要环节。既有研究重在监督权力的配置与归属,研究对象较为传统,监督工具的缺失致使监督权力的运行过程还较为模糊。审议是地方人大对规划行政实施监督的重要工具,然而从工具的使用到监督效能的转化,其过程机制还有待揭示。为此,文章以Y市为基础,以访谈文本的扎根分析为依托,对审议全过程进行研究。研究发现,现阶段人大对规划的审议,更多表现为工具理性,监督价值有待引入。地方人大要实现对空间规划的有效监督必须考虑审议议题、审议程序和审议结果三要素,并且让审议三要素分别在压力机制、追责机制和赋能机制的主导下发挥效用。

“五四宪法”中人民代表大会制度及其实施的国家治理逻辑

人民代表大会制度在“五四宪法”中有着特定规范内涵,具体包括制度来源论、制度属性论、制度地位论和制度功能论。70年来的制度实践,尽管在文本规范上和具体实施中有所变动,但人民主权原则、最高国家权力机关的本质内涵从未变迁。新时代以来,人民代表大会制度日益凸显其在国家治理体系中的重要理论方位,具体体现于制度方位、民主方位、法治方位和治理方位。在确定和厘清上述理论方位的基础上,人民代表大会制度必将为践行全过程人民民主、促进高质量发展、推动现代化强国建设以及助力中华民族伟大复兴提供更好的发展方略。

基层协同治理推进路径和生成逻辑——来自SZ县D镇民生工程项目供求关系协调的证据

本研究将国家、部委和省级政府视为惠民工程资金的供给主体,农村居民则是民生项目的需求主体,县级及以下政府和部门、村集体组织是供需关系建立的联接体。通过实地调研、了解来概述工程推进谜题,描绘各主体之间表演与互动的场景。直面治理困局,谋求社会和谐目标,需要调整涉及民生工程建设的治理策略,把准农民个性和群体共性,错综复杂的形势要求设计和谋划一整套的治理方略。城镇化冲击力量无处不在,面向农村的各项管理事务变得日趋复杂。民生工程供给不宜过度政策化,"因势利导、按需建设"应是惠民工程项目建设的根本所在;将有限的惠民资金产生最大的社会稳定作用,理顺国家与村民之间简单而又复杂的偏倚关系,多举并用才能够从根本上消除"国家政策虽好,但到基层就乱套"的固化思想认识。

地方各级人大常委会规范性文件备案审查工作调研分析——以H省为例

规范性文件备案审查是维护法律尊严、保障法律实施、保证国家法制统一和维护人民群众合法权益的宪法性制度。宪法、法律和相关地方性法规从不同层面为地方各级人大常委会规范性文件备案审查提供了制度遵循。文章在对H省各级人大常委会规范性文件备案审查工作开展跟踪调研的基础上,剖析了省、市、县不同层面在备、审、纠不同环节存在的问题,并就完善地方各级人大常委会规范性文件备案审查工作机制提出了对策建议。

地方人大预算监督立法现状评估与改进对策——基于38部省级地方性法规的文本分析

地方人大预算监督是推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的重要抓手。《预算法》历经2014年、2018年的两次重要修正以来,中国人大预算监督的法律制度得到完善,各地相继开展了对预算审查监督条例的修订工作。然而,现有文献中针对地方人大预算监督立法的研究还十分薄弱,很少有研究予以系统性的现状评估。根据公共预算与政治问责之间的紧密联系发展分析框架,基于38部与人大预算监督相关的省级地方性法规进行法律文本分析后发现,中国地方人大预算监督立法中存在着政府信息供给不足,一些地方人大与政府之间政治对话得不到程序保障,法律责任条款的设定还有待加强等问题。据此为实践中中国地方人大预算监督立法的完善提供了具有系统性、针对性的政策建议。

中国地方非税收入规模与结构演变(1999-2019)--基于人大预算监督法制化的视角

非税收入作为税费改革的重点,是深化供给侧结构性改革中降成本的核心与关键。纵观世界各国税收收入和非税收入的演变,尽管比例不同,但都有一个共同特点,就是经济增长与税收呈现同向关系,与非税收入呈现反向关系。2018年以来我国经济下行压力加大,税收收入增长缓慢,地方政府倾向于寻求新的财源,使得非税收入规模呈现异常增长态势。笔者利用省级预算审查监督条例立法的准自然实验,借助1999—2019年省级面板数据研究人大预算监督对地方政府非税收入的影响。研究发现:(1)在已实施省级预算审查监督条例的地区,非税收入预决算规模均有所下降;(2)异质性分析表明,在新《预算法》实施后和财政分权度更高的地区该效应更强;(3)机制分析表明,地方人大主要是通过加强对行政事业性收费的监督,进而压缩非税收入规模。本文结论进一步丰富了税费政策相关的研究,而且对更好权衡减税降费政策与地方财政可持续之间的关系,完善非税收入和人大预算监督体系构建提供了实证证据和经验借鉴。

东江各属行政会议:周恩来召开的东江各界人民代表会议

第二次东征战事结束之际,周恩来被任命为东江各属行政委员。虽然履职仅44天,周恩来却召开了东江历史上第一次也是唯一一次的东江各属行政会议。会议由人民代表组成,规范议事日程,实行议行合一原则,这些都使会议具备了人民代表大会的主要特征。周恩来将广州国民政府治下的东江变成了人民政权的试验场,这是大革命时期中国共产党人继罢工工人代表大会、农民协会之后,为建立人民政权及组织形式的又一次创造性实践,也是他在探索人民代表大会制度历程上埋下的第一块重要基石。

议事结构视角下的地方人大常委会行政化问题研究——基于S省市县两级人大的实证考察

在当前我国地方人大常委会的实际运作中,行政管理制度主导了议事权的运作,形成了封闭式的等级化议事结构。议题来源单一,议程设置呈现层层下达与逐级汇报双向结合的特点。议事权以自上而下的方式推进,非机关的常委基本被排斥在外。这种行政化特征严重抑制了地方人大常委会的代议制功能,并形成了其制度变迁的路径依赖。只有改变人大常委会行政化的议事结构,重塑地方人大常委会的运作逻辑,才能充分发挥其代议机关的制度效能。

On the Establishment of Modern Medical System of Assimilating Advantages of Oriental Medicine and Western Medicine—A Speech by the Vice-Chairperson of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China,President of Chinese Medical Associatio

It is known to all that traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacy, as the summary of Chinese people fighting against various kinds of disease for thousands of years, has a summate theoretical system possessing the essence of Chinese classical philosophy, intensively reflects deep thinking and pondering of Chinese culture on the human being himself and dialectical relation between human and culture, making indelible contribution to the offspring reproduction and prosperity.