The competition of surface and subsurface crack initiation induced failure is critical to understand very high cycle fatigue（VHCF） behavior, which necessitates the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms for the tr...The competition of surface and subsurface crack initiation induced failure is critical to understand very high cycle fatigue（VHCF） behavior, which necessitates the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms for the transition of crack initiation from surface to interior defects. Crack initiation potential in materials containing defects is investigated numerically by focusing on defect types, size, shape, location, and residual stress influences. Results show that the crack initiation potency is higher in case of serious property mismatching between matrix and defects, and higher strength materials are more sensitive to soft inclusions（elastic modulus lower than the matrix）. The stress localization around inclusions are correlated to interior crack initiation mechanisms in the VHCF regime such as inclusion-matrix debonding at soft inclusions and inclusion-cracking for hard inclusions（elastic modulus higher than the matrix）. It is easier to emanate cracks from the subsurface pores with the depth 0.7 times as large as their diameter. There exists an inclusion size independent region for crack incubation, outside which crack initiation will transfer from the subsurface soft inclusion to the interior larger one. As for elliptical inclusions, reducing the short-axis length can decrease the crack nucleation potential and promote the interior crack formation, whereas the long-axis length controls the site of peak stress concentration. The compressive residual stress at surface is helpful to shift crack initiation from surface to interior inclusions. Some relaxation of residual stress can not change the inherent crack initiation from interior inclusions in the VHCF regime. The work reveals the crack initiation potential and the transition among various defects under the influences of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the VHCF regime, and is helpful to understand the failure mechanism of materials containing defects under long-term cyclic loadings.展开更多
The extended Kantorovich method is employed to study the local stress concentrations at the vicinity of free edges in symmetrically layered composite laminates subjected to uniaxial tensile load upon polynomial stress...The extended Kantorovich method is employed to study the local stress concentrations at the vicinity of free edges in symmetrically layered composite laminates subjected to uniaxial tensile load upon polynomial stress functions. The stress fields are initially assumed by means of the Lekhnitskii stress functions under the plane strain state. Applying the principle of complementary virtual work,the coupled ordinary differential equations are obtained in which the solutions can be obtained by solving a generalized eigenvalue problem. Then an iterative procedure is established to achieve convergent stress distributions. It should be noted that the stress function based extended Kantorovich method can satisfy both the traction-free and free edge stress boundary conditions during the iterative processes. The stress components near the free edges and in the interior regions are calculated and compared with those obtained results by finite element method（FEM）. The convergent stresses have good agreements with those results obtained by three dimensional（3D） FEM. For generality, various layup configurations are considered for the numerical analysis. The results show that the proposed polynomial stress function based extended Kantorovich method is accurate and efficient in predicting the local stresses in composite laminates and computationally much more efficient than the 3D FEM.展开更多
From an ingot to a wafer then to a die,wafer thinning plays an important role in the semiconductor industry.To reveal the material removal mechanism of semiconductor at nanoscale,molecular dynamics has been widely use...From an ingot to a wafer then to a die,wafer thinning plays an important role in the semiconductor industry.To reveal the material removal mechanism of semiconductor at nanoscale,molecular dynamics has been widely used to investigate the grinding process.However,most simulation analyses were conducted with a single phase space trajectory,which is stochastic and subjective.In this paper,the stress field in wafer thinning simulations of 4H-SiC was obtained from 50 trajectories with spatial averaging and phase space averaging.The spatial averaging was conducted on a uniform spatial grid for each trajectory.A variable named mask was assigned to the spatial point to reconstruct the shape of the substrate.Different spatial averaging parameters were applied and compared.The result shows that the summation of Voronoi volumes of the atoms in the averaging domain is more appropriate for spatial averaging.The phase space averaging was conducted with multiple trajectories after spatial averaging.The stress field converges with increasing the number of trajectories.The maximum and average relative difference(absolute value)of Mises stress was used as the convergence criterion.The obtained hydrostatic stress in the compression zone is close to the phase transition pressure of 4H-SiC from first principle calculations.展开更多
Structural damage in heterogeneousmaterials typically originates frommicrostructures where stress concentration occurs.Therefore,evaluating the magnitude and location of localized stress distributions within microstru...Structural damage in heterogeneousmaterials typically originates frommicrostructures where stress concentration occurs.Therefore,evaluating the magnitude and location of localized stress distributions within microstructures under external loading is crucial.Repeating unit cells(RUCs)are commonly used to represent microstructural details and homogenize the effective response of composites.This work develops a machine learning-based micromechanics tool to accurately predict the stress distributions of extracted RUCs.The locally exact homogenization theory efficiently generates the microstructural stresses of RUCs with a wide range of parameters,including volume fraction,fiber/matrix property ratio,fiber shapes,and loading direction.Subsequently,the conditional generative adversarial network(cGAN)is employed and constructed as a surrogate model to establish the statistical correlation between these parameters and the corresponding localized stresses.The stresses predicted by cGAN are validated against the remaining true data not used for training,showing good agreement.This work demonstrates that the cGAN-based micromechanics tool effectively captures the local responses of composite RUCs.It can be used for predicting potential crack initiations starting from microstructures and evaluating the effective behavior of periodic composites.展开更多
Fatigue induced products generally bear fatigue loads accompanied by impact processes,which reduces their reliable life rapidly. This paper introduces a reliability assessment model based on a local stress–strain app...Fatigue induced products generally bear fatigue loads accompanied by impact processes,which reduces their reliable life rapidly. This paper introduces a reliability assessment model based on a local stress–strain approach considering both low-cycle fatigue and high energy impact loads.Two coupling relationships between fatigue and impact are given with effects of an impact process on fatigue damage and effects of fatigue damage on impact performance. The analysis of the former modifies the fatigue parameters and the Manson–Coffin equation for fatigue life based on material theories. On the other hand, the latter proposes the coupling variables and the difference of fracture toughness caused by accumulative fatigue damage. To form an overall reliability model including both fatigue failure and impact failure, a competing risk model is developed. A case study of an actuator cylinder is given to validate this method.展开更多
The elastic wave localization in disordered periodic piezoelectric rods with initial stress is studied using the transfer matrix and Lyapunov exponent method. The electric field is approximated as quasi-static. The ef...The elastic wave localization in disordered periodic piezoelectric rods with initial stress is studied using the transfer matrix and Lyapunov exponent method. The electric field is approximated as quasi-static. The effects of the initial stress on the band gap characteristics are investigated. The numerical calculations of localization factors and localization lengths are performed. It can be observed from the results that the band structures can be tuned by exerting the suitable initial stress. For different values of the piezoelectric rod length and the elastic constant, the band structures and the localization phenomena are very different. Larger disorder degree can lead to more obvious localization phenomenon.展开更多
AIM To prospectively evaluate the effect of local wound infiltration with ropivacaine on postoperative pain relief and stress response reduction after open hepatectomy.METHODS A total of 56 patients undergoing open he...AIM To prospectively evaluate the effect of local wound infiltration with ropivacaine on postoperative pain relief and stress response reduction after open hepatectomy.METHODS A total of 56 patients undergoing open hepatectomy were randomly divided into two groups:a ropivacaine group(wound infiltration with ropivacaine solution)and a control group(infiltration with isotonic saline solution).A visual analog scale(VAS)at rest and on movement was used to measure postoperative pain for the first 48 h after surgery.Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),time to bowel recovery,length of hospitalization after surgery,cumulative sufentanil consumption,and incidence of nausea and vomiting were compared between the two groups.Surgical stress hormones(epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol)were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the results were compared. RESULTS VAS scores both at rest and on movement at 24 h and48 h were similar between the two groups.Significantly lower VAS scores were detected at 0,6,and 12 h in the ropivacaine group compared with the control group(P<0.05 for all).MAP was significantly lower at 6,12,and 24 h(P<0.05 for all);HR was significantly lower at 0,6,12,and 24 h(P<0.05 for all);time to bowel recovery and length of hospitalization after surgery(P<0.05 for both)were significantly shortened;and cumulative sufentanil consumption was significantly lower at 6,12,24,and 36 h(P<0.05 for all)in the ropivacaine group than in the control group,although the incidence of nausea and vomiting showed no significant difference between the two groups.The levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol were significantly lower in the ropivacaine group than in the control group at 24 and 48 h(P<0.01 for all). CONCLUSION Local wound infiltration with ropivacaine after open hepatectomy can improve postoperative pain relief,reduce surgical stress response,and accelerate postoperative recovery.展开更多
Electrochemical methods were applied to investigate the corrosion behaviour of LY12CZ under applied stress in 3% sodium chloride aqueous solution. The experimental results indicate that LY12CZ shows two breakdown pote...Electrochemical methods were applied to investigate the corrosion behaviour of LY12CZ under applied stress in 3% sodium chloride aqueous solution. The experimental results indicate that LY12CZ shows two breakdown potentials on its polarization curve: one is related to the dissolution of the intermetallic particles and the other is related to the cracking of oxidation film and the dissolution of the matrix. When the stress is applied, it varies both breakdown potentials and makes the intermetallic particles and matrix dissolute at lower potentials. The relationship between the variation of the two breakdown potentials and applied stress was summarized. At the same time the influence of stress on the pitting and intergranular corrosion sensitivity of LY12CZ was also investigated. From the results it can be concluded that the stress can significantly affect the localized corrosion behaviour of LY12CZ in 3% NaCl solution.展开更多
A micromechanics-based model is established. The model takes the interaction among sliding cracks into account, and it is able to quantify the effect of various parameters on the localization condition of damage and d...A micromechanics-based model is established. The model takes the interaction among sliding cracks into account, and it is able to quantify the effect of various parameters on the localization condition of damage and deformation for brittle rock subjected to compressive loads. The closed-form explicit expression for the complete stress-strain relation of rock containing microcracks subjected to compressive loads was obtained. It is showed that the complete stress-strain relation includes linear elasticity,nonlinear hardening,rapid stress drop and strain softening.The behavior of rapid stress drop and strain softening is due to localization of deformation and damage. Theoretical predictions have shown to be consistent with the experimental results.展开更多
The distributions of temperature and residual stresses in thin plates of BT20titanium alloy are numerically analyzed by three-dimensional finite element software duringelectron beam welding and electron beam local pos...The distributions of temperature and residual stresses in thin plates of BT20titanium alloy are numerically analyzed by three-dimensional finite element software duringelectron beam welding and electron beam local post-weld heat treatment (EBLPWHT). Combined withnumerical calculating results, the effects of different EBLPWHT mode and parameters, including heattreating position, heating width and heating time, on the distribution of welding residual stressesare analyzed. The results show that, the residual tensile stresses in weld center can be largelydecreased when the weld is heat treated at back preface of the plate. The numerical results alsoindicated that the magnitude of the residual longitudinal stresses of the weld and the zone vicinityof the weld is decreased, and the range of the residual longitudinal stresses is increased alongwith the increase of heating width and heating time.展开更多
The mechanical behavior of rock under uniaxial tensile loading is different from that of rock under compressive loads. A micromechanics-based model was proposed for mesoscopic heterogeneous brittle rock undergoing irr...The mechanical behavior of rock under uniaxial tensile loading is different from that of rock under compressive loads. A micromechanics-based model was proposed for mesoscopic heterogeneous brittle rock undergoing irreversible changes of their microscopic structures due to microcrack growth. The complete stress-strain relation including linear elasticity, nonlinear hardening,rapid stress drop and strain softening was obtained. The influence of all microcracks with different sizes and orientations were introduced into the constitutive relation by using the probability density function describing the distribution of orientations and the probability density function describing the distribution of sizes. The influence of Weibull distribution describing the distribution of orientations and Rayleigh function describing the distribution of sizes on the constitutive relation were researched. Theoretical predictions have shown to be consistent with the experimental results.展开更多
The mechanical behavior of polymer networks is intrinsically correlated with the local chain topology and chain connectivity.In this study,we delve into this relationship through the lens of coarse-grained molecular d...The mechanical behavior of polymer networks is intrinsically correlated with the local chain topology and chain connectivity.In this study,we delve into this relationship through the lens of coarse-grained molecular dynamics(CG-MD)simulations.Our aim is to illuminate the intricate interplay between local topology and stress distribution within polymer monomers,cross-linkers,and various components with distinct cross-link connections,thereby elucidating their collective impact on the mechanical properties of polymer networks.We mainly focus on how specific local structures contribute to the overall mechanical response of the network.In particular,we employ local stress analysis to unravel the mechanics of these structures.Our findings reveal the diverse responses of individual components,such as junctions,strands,cross-linkers between junctions,and dangling chain ends,when subjected to stretching.Notably,we observe that these components exhibit varying degrees of deformation tolerance,underscoring the significance of their roles in determining the mechanical characteristics of the network.Our investigations highlight junctions as primary contributors to stress accumulation,and particles with higher local stress showing a stronger correlation between stress and Voronoi volume.Moreover,our results indicate that both strands and cross-linkers between junctions exhibit heightened stress levels as strand lengths decrease.This study enhances our understanding of the multifaceted factors governing the mechanical attributes of cross-linked polymer systems at the microstructural level.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51205131)Shanghai Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12ZR1442900)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(Grant No.20120074120010)
文摘The competition of surface and subsurface crack initiation induced failure is critical to understand very high cycle fatigue（VHCF） behavior, which necessitates the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms for the transition of crack initiation from surface to interior defects. Crack initiation potential in materials containing defects is investigated numerically by focusing on defect types, size, shape, location, and residual stress influences. Results show that the crack initiation potency is higher in case of serious property mismatching between matrix and defects, and higher strength materials are more sensitive to soft inclusions（elastic modulus lower than the matrix）. The stress localization around inclusions are correlated to interior crack initiation mechanisms in the VHCF regime such as inclusion-matrix debonding at soft inclusions and inclusion-cracking for hard inclusions（elastic modulus higher than the matrix）. It is easier to emanate cracks from the subsurface pores with the depth 0.7 times as large as their diameter. There exists an inclusion size independent region for crack incubation, outside which crack initiation will transfer from the subsurface soft inclusion to the interior larger one. As for elliptical inclusions, reducing the short-axis length can decrease the crack nucleation potential and promote the interior crack formation, whereas the long-axis length controls the site of peak stress concentration. The compressive residual stress at surface is helpful to shift crack initiation from surface to interior inclusions. Some relaxation of residual stress can not change the inherent crack initiation from interior inclusions in the VHCF regime. The work reveals the crack initiation potential and the transition among various defects under the influences of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the VHCF regime, and is helpful to understand the failure mechanism of materials containing defects under long-term cyclic loadings.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 11372145, 11372146, and 11272161)the State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures (Nanjing University of Aeronautics and astronautics) (Grant MCMS-0516Y01)+1 种基金Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Mechanics Open Foundation (Grant xklx1601)the K. C. Wong Magna Fund through Ningbo University
文摘The extended Kantorovich method is employed to study the local stress concentrations at the vicinity of free edges in symmetrically layered composite laminates subjected to uniaxial tensile load upon polynomial stress functions. The stress fields are initially assumed by means of the Lekhnitskii stress functions under the plane strain state. Applying the principle of complementary virtual work,the coupled ordinary differential equations are obtained in which the solutions can be obtained by solving a generalized eigenvalue problem. Then an iterative procedure is established to achieve convergent stress distributions. It should be noted that the stress function based extended Kantorovich method can satisfy both the traction-free and free edge stress boundary conditions during the iterative processes. The stress components near the free edges and in the interior regions are calculated and compared with those obtained results by finite element method（FEM）. The convergent stresses have good agreements with those results obtained by three dimensional（3D） FEM. For generality, various layup configurations are considered for the numerical analysis. The results show that the proposed polynomial stress function based extended Kantorovich method is accurate and efficient in predicting the local stresses in composite laminates and computationally much more efficient than the 3D FEM.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52075208)National Natural Science Foundation of China(U20A6004)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Number:51675211)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018SHZDZX01)and ZJLab.
文摘From an ingot to a wafer then to a die,wafer thinning plays an important role in the semiconductor industry.To reveal the material removal mechanism of semiconductor at nanoscale,molecular dynamics has been widely used to investigate the grinding process.However,most simulation analyses were conducted with a single phase space trajectory,which is stochastic and subjective.In this paper,the stress field in wafer thinning simulations of 4H-SiC was obtained from 50 trajectories with spatial averaging and phase space averaging.The spatial averaging was conducted on a uniform spatial grid for each trajectory.A variable named mask was assigned to the spatial point to reconstruct the shape of the substrate.Different spatial averaging parameters were applied and compared.The result shows that the summation of Voronoi volumes of the atoms in the averaging domain is more appropriate for spatial averaging.The phase space averaging was conducted with multiple trajectories after spatial averaging.The stress field converges with increasing the number of trajectories.The maximum and average relative difference(absolute value)of Mises stress was used as the convergence criterion.The obtained hydrostatic stress in the compression zone is close to the phase transition pressure of 4H-SiC from first principle calculations.
基金the support from the National Key R&D Program of China underGrant(Grant No.2020YFA0711700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52122801,11925206,51978609,U22A20254,and U23A20659)G.W.is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12002303,12192210 and 12192214).
文摘Structural damage in heterogeneousmaterials typically originates frommicrostructures where stress concentration occurs.Therefore,evaluating the magnitude and location of localized stress distributions within microstructures under external loading is crucial.Repeating unit cells(RUCs)are commonly used to represent microstructural details and homogenize the effective response of composites.This work develops a machine learning-based micromechanics tool to accurately predict the stress distributions of extracted RUCs.The locally exact homogenization theory efficiently generates the microstructural stresses of RUCs with a wide range of parameters,including volume fraction,fiber/matrix property ratio,fiber shapes,and loading direction.Subsequently,the conditional generative adversarial network(cGAN)is employed and constructed as a surrogate model to establish the statistical correlation between these parameters and the corresponding localized stresses.The stresses predicted by cGAN are validated against the remaining true data not used for training,showing good agreement.This work demonstrates that the cGAN-based micromechanics tool effectively captures the local responses of composite RUCs.It can be used for predicting potential crack initiations starting from microstructures and evaluating the effective behavior of periodic composites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61104132)
文摘Fatigue induced products generally bear fatigue loads accompanied by impact processes,which reduces their reliable life rapidly. This paper introduces a reliability assessment model based on a local stress–strain approach considering both low-cycle fatigue and high energy impact loads.Two coupling relationships between fatigue and impact are given with effects of an impact process on fatigue damage and effects of fatigue damage on impact performance. The analysis of the former modifies the fatigue parameters and the Manson–Coffin equation for fatigue life based on material theories. On the other hand, the latter proposes the coupling variables and the difference of fracture toughness caused by accumulative fatigue damage. To form an overall reliability model including both fatigue failure and impact failure, a competing risk model is developed. A case study of an actuator cylinder is given to validate this method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10672017 and 10632020)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,Heilongjiang Province Postdoctoral Science Foundation Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS) to perform research work at Tokyo Institute of Technology,Japan.
文摘The elastic wave localization in disordered periodic piezoelectric rods with initial stress is studied using the transfer matrix and Lyapunov exponent method. The electric field is approximated as quasi-static. The effects of the initial stress on the band gap characteristics are investigated. The numerical calculations of localization factors and localization lengths are performed. It can be observed from the results that the band structures can be tuned by exerting the suitable initial stress. For different values of the piezoelectric rod length and the elastic constant, the band structures and the localization phenomena are very different. Larger disorder degree can lead to more obvious localization phenomenon.
基金Supported by National Natural Science foundation of China,No.81571367 and No.81502050Scientific and Technological Project of Shandong Province,No.2016GSf201082
文摘AIM To prospectively evaluate the effect of local wound infiltration with ropivacaine on postoperative pain relief and stress response reduction after open hepatectomy.METHODS A total of 56 patients undergoing open hepatectomy were randomly divided into two groups:a ropivacaine group(wound infiltration with ropivacaine solution)and a control group(infiltration with isotonic saline solution).A visual analog scale(VAS)at rest and on movement was used to measure postoperative pain for the first 48 h after surgery.Mean arterial pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),time to bowel recovery,length of hospitalization after surgery,cumulative sufentanil consumption,and incidence of nausea and vomiting were compared between the two groups.Surgical stress hormones(epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol)were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the results were compared. RESULTS VAS scores both at rest and on movement at 24 h and48 h were similar between the two groups.Significantly lower VAS scores were detected at 0,6,and 12 h in the ropivacaine group compared with the control group(P<0.05 for all).MAP was significantly lower at 6,12,and 24 h(P<0.05 for all);HR was significantly lower at 0,6,12,and 24 h(P<0.05 for all);time to bowel recovery and length of hospitalization after surgery(P<0.05 for both)were significantly shortened;and cumulative sufentanil consumption was significantly lower at 6,12,24,and 36 h(P<0.05 for all)in the ropivacaine group than in the control group,although the incidence of nausea and vomiting showed no significant difference between the two groups.The levels of epinephrine,norepinephrine,and cortisol were significantly lower in the ropivacaine group than in the control group at 24 and 48 h(P<0.01 for all). CONCLUSION Local wound infiltration with ropivacaine after open hepatectomy can improve postoperative pain relief,reduce surgical stress response,and accelerate postoperative recovery.
基金Project(G1999065010) supported by National Basic Research Program of China
文摘Electrochemical methods were applied to investigate the corrosion behaviour of LY12CZ under applied stress in 3% sodium chloride aqueous solution. The experimental results indicate that LY12CZ shows two breakdown potentials on its polarization curve: one is related to the dissolution of the intermetallic particles and the other is related to the cracking of oxidation film and the dissolution of the matrix. When the stress is applied, it varies both breakdown potentials and makes the intermetallic particles and matrix dissolute at lower potentials. The relationship between the variation of the two breakdown potentials and applied stress was summarized. At the same time the influence of stress on the pitting and intergranular corrosion sensitivity of LY12CZ was also investigated. From the results it can be concluded that the stress can significantly affect the localized corrosion behaviour of LY12CZ in 3% NaCl solution.
文摘A micromechanics-based model is established. The model takes the interaction among sliding cracks into account, and it is able to quantify the effect of various parameters on the localization condition of damage and deformation for brittle rock subjected to compressive loads. The closed-form explicit expression for the complete stress-strain relation of rock containing microcracks subjected to compressive loads was obtained. It is showed that the complete stress-strain relation includes linear elasticity,nonlinear hardening,rapid stress drop and strain softening.The behavior of rapid stress drop and strain softening is due to localization of deformation and damage. Theoretical predictions have shown to be consistent with the experimental results.
基金This project is supported by Foundation of National Defense Technology Key Laboratory, China (No.99JS50.3.2JW1402).
文摘The distributions of temperature and residual stresses in thin plates of BT20titanium alloy are numerically analyzed by three-dimensional finite element software duringelectron beam welding and electron beam local post-weld heat treatment (EBLPWHT). Combined withnumerical calculating results, the effects of different EBLPWHT mode and parameters, including heattreating position, heating width and heating time, on the distribution of welding residual stressesare analyzed. The results show that, the residual tensile stresses in weld center can be largelydecreased when the weld is heat treated at back preface of the plate. The numerical results alsoindicated that the magnitude of the residual longitudinal stresses of the weld and the zone vicinityof the weld is decreased, and the range of the residual longitudinal stresses is increased alongwith the increase of heating width and heating time.
文摘The mechanical behavior of rock under uniaxial tensile loading is different from that of rock under compressive loads. A micromechanics-based model was proposed for mesoscopic heterogeneous brittle rock undergoing irreversible changes of their microscopic structures due to microcrack growth. The complete stress-strain relation including linear elasticity, nonlinear hardening,rapid stress drop and strain softening was obtained. The influence of all microcracks with different sizes and orientations were introduced into the constitutive relation by using the probability density function describing the distribution of orientations and the probability density function describing the distribution of sizes. The influence of Weibull distribution describing the distribution of orientations and Rayleigh function describing the distribution of sizes on the constitutive relation were researched. Theoretical predictions have shown to be consistent with the experimental results.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3707303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52293471 and 21833008).
文摘The mechanical behavior of polymer networks is intrinsically correlated with the local chain topology and chain connectivity.In this study,we delve into this relationship through the lens of coarse-grained molecular dynamics(CG-MD)simulations.Our aim is to illuminate the intricate interplay between local topology and stress distribution within polymer monomers,cross-linkers,and various components with distinct cross-link connections,thereby elucidating their collective impact on the mechanical properties of polymer networks.We mainly focus on how specific local structures contribute to the overall mechanical response of the network.In particular,we employ local stress analysis to unravel the mechanics of these structures.Our findings reveal the diverse responses of individual components,such as junctions,strands,cross-linkers between junctions,and dangling chain ends,when subjected to stretching.Notably,we observe that these components exhibit varying degrees of deformation tolerance,underscoring the significance of their roles in determining the mechanical characteristics of the network.Our investigations highlight junctions as primary contributors to stress accumulation,and particles with higher local stress showing a stronger correlation between stress and Voronoi volume.Moreover,our results indicate that both strands and cross-linkers between junctions exhibit heightened stress levels as strand lengths decrease.This study enhances our understanding of the multifaceted factors governing the mechanical attributes of cross-linked polymer systems at the microstructural level.
