Flexural and eigen-buckling analysis of steel-concrete partially composite plates using weak form quadrature element method

Flexural and eigen-buckling analyses for rectangular steel-concrete partially composite plates(PCPs)with interlayer slip under simply supported and clamped boundary conditions are conducted using the weak form quadrature element method(QEM).Both of the derivatives and integrals in the variational description of a problem to be solved are directly evaluated by the aid of identical numerical interpolation points in the weak form QEM.The effectiveness of the presented numerical model is validated by comparing numerical results of the weak form QEM with those from FEM or analytic solution.It can be observed that only one quadrature element is fully competent for flexural and eigen-buckling analysis of a rectangular partially composite plate with shear connection stiffness commonly used.The numerical integration order of quadrature element can be adjusted neatly to meet the convergence requirement.The quadrature element model presented here is an effective and promising tool for further analysis of steel-concrete PCPs under more general circumstances.Parametric studies on the shear connection stiffness and length-width ratio of the plate are also presented.It is shown that the flexural deflections and the critical buckling loads of PCPs are significantly affected by the shear connection stiffness when its value is within a certain range.

Application in metal rheological forming of element-free Galerkin method

The element-free method is a new numerical technique presented in recent years.It uses the moving least square(MLS) approximation as its shape function,and it is determined by the basic function and weight function.The weight function is the mainly determining factor,so it greatly affects the accuracy of the computational results.The element-free Galerkin method(EFGM) was applied for the solution to plastic large deformation.The simulation of metal rheological forming was successfully done by programming and its results were visualized by using the plotting and data analyses software Tecplot.Then plastic strain under different stages during rheological forming and the three principal stresses at the last deformation were obtained.The example shows the feasibility of EFGM used for metal rheological forming and provides a new method for numerical simulation of rheological forming of complex parts.

Meshfree Method Numerical Simulation of Sheet Metal Forming Process

Metal forming plays an important role in manufacturing industry and is widely applied in industries.The tradi- tional finite element method(FEM)numerical simulation is commonly used to predict metal forming process.Conventional finite element analysis of metal forming processes often breaks down due to severe mesh distortion,therefore time-consuming remeshing is necessary.Meshfree methods have been developed since 1977 and can avoid this problem.This new generation of computational methods reduces time-consuming model generation and refinement effort,and its shape function has higher order connectivity than FEM’s.In this paper the velocity shape functions are developed from a reproducing kernel approximation that satisfies consistency conditions and is used to analyze metal tension rigid viscoplastic deforming and Magnesium Alloy(MB 15)sheet superplastic ten- sion forming.A meshfree method metal forming modeling program is set up,the partition of unity method is used to compute the integrations in weak form equations and penalty method is used to impose the essential boundary condition exactly.Metal forming examples,such as sheet metal superplastic tension forming and metal rigid viscoplastic tension forming,are analyzed to demon- strate the performance of mesh free method.

PREDICTION FOR FORMING LIMIT OF AL2024T3 SHEET BASED ON DAMAGE THEORY USING FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

This paper presents the application of anisotropic damage theory to the study of forming limit diagram of A12024T3 aluminum alloy sheet. In the prediction of limiting strains of the aluminum sheet structure, a finite element cell model has been constructed. The cell model consists of two phases, the aluminum alloy matrix and the intermetallic cluster. The material behavior of the aluminum alloy matrix is described with a fully coupled elasto-plastic damage constitutive equation. The intermetallic cluster is assumed to be elastic and brittle. By varying the stretching ratio, the limiting strains of the sheet under biaxial stretching have been predicted by using the necking criterion proposed. The prediction is in good agreement with the experimental findings. Moreover, the finite element cell model can provide information for understanding the microscopic damage mechanism of the aluminum alloy. Over-estimation of the limit strains may result if the effect of material damage is ignored in the sheet metal forming study.

LOCAL PETROV-GALERKIN METHOD FOR A THIN PLATE

The meshless local Petrov_Galerkin (MLPG) method for solving the bending problem of the thin plate were presented and discussed. The method used the moving least_squares approximation to interpolate the solution variables, and employed a local symmetric weak form. The present method was a truly meshless one as it did not need a finite element or boundary element mesh, either for purpose of interpolation of the solution, or for the integration of the energy. All integrals could be easily evaluated over regularly shaped domains (in general, spheres in three_dimensional problems) and their boundaries. The essential boundary conditions were enforced by the penalty method. Several numerical examples were presented to illustrate the implementation and performance of the present method. The numerical examples presented show that high accuracy can be achieved for arbitrary grid geometries for clamped and simply_supported edge conditions. No post processing procedure is required to computer the strain and stress, since the original solution from the present method, using the moving least squares approximation, is already smooth enough.

Variation analysis ofprecision mechanical assembly consideringform errors and local deformation

A method to analyze the effect of form errors and local deformation on the assembly accu- racy and its stability in a non-rigid assembly system is proposed. The contact finite element method was used to obtain local deformation of mating surfaces, which was superposed onto form errors to obtain real mating surface data of assemblies. Then mating variation was obtained by establishing vir- tual contact planes. Finally, an experiment of the assembly of two cylindrical components was car- ried out to verify the validity of the proposed method. By comparing the calculation accuracies of 3D assembly with and without taking into account local deformation, the results showed that the effects of local deformation of mating surfaces on calculation accuracy of mating variation was not neglect- able compared with form errors.

广义弱形式自由单元法

自由单元法(FrEM)是一种单元配点法,吸收了有限元法等参单元的插值稳定性与无网格法使用灵活的优点,具有稳定性好和灵活性高的性能.FrEM在每个配置点只需要一个通过自由选择周围节点而形成的独立的等参单元,不需要考虑单元之间节点的相互连接关系,这种自由性使得人们可以按照学科性质形成所需要的单元,因而FrEM既适用于固体力学,也适用于流体力学问题的求解.然而,FrEM所用单元需要至少有一个内部节点(用于方程的配点),以致有限元法中单元节点相连的网格不能在FrEM中直接使用.文章基于对应于配置点的等参单元形函数在与其不相连的边界上为0的特性和配置点等效节点力平衡关系,提出了一种广义弱形式自由单元法(GFrEM).该方法是一种使用单元逐点建立配置方程的单元配点法,具有如下特点:(1)突破了现有自由单元法中单元需要内部节点的限制,因而可以使用线性单元和高阶单元;(2)突破了现有自由单元法中一个配置点使用一个单元的限制,可以使用与配置点相连的任意多个单元;(3)可以使用任意形式的规则单元和多边形/多面体单元;(4)如果使用单元节点相连的传统有限元法网格,则GFrEM自然演变为传统的有限元法.论文将给出几个固体力学方面的应用算例,展示所提方法的有效性.

个性化头部生物力学模型的开发及验证

本文提出了一种个性化头部生物力学模型建模方法,并对所生成模型进行了有效性验证。该方法以图斯特50th百分位头部生物力学模型为基础,基于目标模型头部CT数据,采用三维点云配准和自由网格变形法,实现具有详实脑组织结构的个性化头部生物力学模型的快速建模。通过重构经典尸体试验,发现该方法构建的个性化头部生物力学模型在运动学和生物力学响应方面与尸体试验结果高度一致,且与通过逆向工程方法开发的头部生物力学模型并无明显差异,验证了本文方法所开发模型的有效性。因此,本文方法可用于快速构建具有详细解剖学结构的个性化头部生物力学模型,为损伤生物力学、临床医学和法医鉴定等领域的数字化需求提供基础计算分析工具。

A WEAK GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR THE LINEAR ELASTICITY PROBLEM IN MIXED FORM

In this paper, we use the weak Galerkin （WG） finite element method to solve the mixed form linear elasticity problem. In the mixed form, we get the discrete of proximation of the stress tensor and the displacement field. For the WG methods, we define the weak function and the weak differential operator in an optimal polynomial approximation spaces. The optimal error estimates are given and numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and the accuracy of the weak Galerkin finite element method.

基于弱有限元法的渗流分析

在坝、闸和堤防等水工建筑物的设计和运行管理中,渗流计算占有非常重要的地位。目前渗流分析的方法以一般有限元方法为主。在渗流分析时往往希望通过加密网格来追求更高精度的数值结果,但是由于一般有限元法属于协调有限元方法,它不适合处理混合剖分网格,加密网格容易导致计算格式不稳定、计算结果不收敛。而弱有限元方法是一种非协调有限元方法,用弱函数的弱梯度算子替代一般有限元方法变分式中的经典梯度算子,并在变分式中增加稳定子项,保证了计算格式的绝对稳定性,并且它适用于混合网格。对于同一剖分网格,弱有限元法的总体代数方程组的自由度远远比一般有限元方法的要大很多,为了降低弱有限元法的自由度,探讨根据弱有限元方法适用于混合剖分网格的特点,采用有针对性的混合剖分网格,运用弱有限元法求解渗流自由面和进行有防渗帷幕的闸基渗流分析,数值结果表明弱有限元方法能灵活处理混合剖分网格,并且计算结果具有高精度。

AStabilizer-FreeWeak Galerkin Finite Element Method for the Stokes Equations

A stabilizer-free weak Galerkin finite element method is proposed for the Stokes equations in this paper.Here we omit the stabilizer term in the new method by increasing the degree of polynomial approximating spaces for the weak gradient operators.The new algorithm is simple in formulation and the computational complexity is also reduced.The corresponding approximating spaces consist of piecewise polynomials of degree k≥1 for the velocity and k-1 for the pressure,respectively.Optimal order error estimates have been derived for the velocity in both H^(1) and L^(2) norms and for the pressure in L^(2) norm.Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the accuracy and convergency of the method.

局部有限寿命疲劳约束条件下的结构拓扑优化方法

拓扑优化方法为工程结构抗疲劳性能的改善提供了有效的设计策略,为了减少大规模局部疲劳约束引起的计算代价,往往采用P范数方法将其凝聚成全局约束,但是,满足这类弱约束的最优解与原问题的最优解存在间隙。为了精确满足局部疲劳约束和降低约束数量,采用增广拉格朗日方法将原问题处理为无约束问题,提出局部有限寿命疲劳约束条件下的结构拓扑优化方法。考虑变幅值的比例载荷作用,采用Palmgren-Miner线性损伤假设和Sines疲劳准则评价材料点的疲劳强度,以局部疲劳性能为约束条件,建立结构的轻量化设计模型,采用全局收敛移动渐近线算法求解局部疲劳约束下的结构拓扑优化问题。另外,将非结构化多边形网格技术融入到拓扑优化模型,实现复杂几何边界结构的抗疲劳轻量化设计。数值算例结果表明,与P范数方法的优化结果相比,局部疲劳约束条件下的优化结构具有更优的抗疲劳性能和更少的材料用量,因而考虑局部疲劳约束有益于材料的充分利用和结构抗疲劳性能的改善。

基于无单元局部弱式法的2.5维直流电阻率正演

传统的数值模拟方法依赖于节点连接信息的单元,基于全局弱式的无单元Galerkin法虽然无需节点连接信息的单元剖分,但仍依赖于全局域内剖分的背景积分单元。文中基于无单元Galerkin法,利用单位分解积分法将全局域积分转化为节点局部域积分,从而不再需要全局域内剖分的背景积分单元,进一步减小了对单元的依赖,实现了更灵活和更高精度的2.5维直流电阻率无单元局部弱式法正演模拟。分别应用该算法、无单元Galerkin法及有限单元法对不同地电模型进行数值模拟及效果对比,证明了所提算法对直流电阻率正演模拟的正确性和有效性。相比于无单元Galerkin法和有限单元法,文中算法具有更强的灵活性和适应性、更高的精度。为了提高该算法对地形起伏模型的模拟精度,对地形起伏区域进行节点加密,并对地形以外的高斯点不做计算,可获得与无单元Galerkin法和有限单元法(FEM)基本一致的效果。

基于自由弯曲技术的管材弯曲回弹预测

为克服有限元模拟中圆弧段采用动力显式算法无法获得准确回弹,值及解析法忽略过渡段S1为变曲率特性的问题,提出一种结合解析法和有限元模拟分析的求解方法,以此来对基于自由弯曲技术的管材回弹数值进行预测。对于过渡段S1,分别使用显式和隐式求解器完成成形和回弹过程的仿真,基于回弹值变化特点引入移动最小二乘法(MLS)对回弹数据进行拟合,建立了过渡段S1的回弹预测模型;同时,对圆弧段S2建立了考虑轴向推力引起的压缩应力的回弹预测模型。仿真结果表明,回弹主要发生在圆弧段,过渡段S1的回弹值在整体回弹值中所占比重较小;经过两组实验结果对比分析,所提出的预测方法与实验所得回弹角误差分别为15.09%与14.76%,传统求解方式(将过渡段S1视为定曲率)与实验所得回弹角误差分别为27.68%与24.32%,回弹角综合预测精度提升了11.08%。

局部固支功能梯度板的横向弯曲研究

研究了局部固支功能梯度方板在横向均布载荷作用下的静力学问题。假设功能梯度材料由陶瓷和钢组成,材料弹性模量设计为沿着板的厚度方向按照幂指数形式连续变化,功能梯度方板的四个边均为局部固支,应用Kirchhoff薄板理论和虚功原理推导了板的静力学有限元方程。另分别考虑了各边50%固支和25%固支两种情况,在板材料为纯陶瓷和纯钢时,将所得结果与ANSYS软件结果对比,验证了所建模型的准确性。最后,重点分析了梯度指数对板面和边界最大挠度的影响。结果表明梯度指数和固支范围是决定最大挠度的关键参数,其中固支范围对边界上最大挠度的影响更大。

自由单元法及其在结构分析中的应用

通过吸收有限元与无网格法的优点,提出了一种新的数值方法——自由单元法.此方法在离散方面,采用有限元法中的等参单元,表征几何形状和进行物理量的插值;在算法方面,采用单元配点技术,逐点产生系统方程.主要特点是,在每个配置点只需要一个和周围自由选择的节点而形成的一个独立的等参单元,因而不需要考虑物理量在单元之间的相互连接关系与导数连续性问题.本文介绍强形式与弱形式两种自由单元法,前者直接由控制方程和边界条件直接产生系统方程,后者通过在自由单元上建立控制方程的加权余量式产生弱形式积分式,并通过像传统有限元法中的积分过程建立系统方程组.本文提出的方法是一种单元配点法,对于域内点为了获得较高的导数精度,需要采用至少具有一个内部点的等参单元,为此除了可使用各阶次的拉格朗日四边形单元外,还给出了七节点三角形等参单元,用于模拟较为复杂的几何形状问题.

基于有限元弱解式的棒–板长空气间隙先导放电空间电场仿真研究

对棒–板长空气间隙先导放电过程的空间电场分布以及带电离子浓度等特征参数进行仿真计算研究。建立棒–板长空气间隙放电的二维模型,导出流注–先导放电的二阶偏微分方程,通过有限元弱解形式(weakform)数值计算方法求解先导放电过程中产生的电子、正、负离子浓度与空间电场的大小。仿真结果显示:气体放电所产生的空间电荷对空间电场分布影响显著;间隙距离1.5m的棒–板长空气间隙下,外加500kV、250/2500μs正极性操作电压时的先导放电起始条件为,流注头部带电离子浓度达到4×1013cm-3数量级,空间电场最低达到10kV/cm;先导放电形成后,先导通道内电场约为1～2kV/cm,先导起始时间在400μs左右且以3×104m/s速度传播;有限元弱解形式能有效消除计算离子流中的数值振荡,使偏微分方程求解迅速收敛。

考虑土壤非线性的接地网有限元分析

随着超特高压电网的出现和系统容量的不断扩大,入地故障电流也随之不断增加,此时接地装置周围土壤在散流过程中将呈现明显的非线性特性。为此,针对大幅值故障电流下土壤的非线性特性,提出一种计算接地装置特性的有限元模型。对有限元计算中的无穷边界问题引入空间坐标变换方法,通过改变介质参数将电场控制在有限范围内,在保证计算精度的基础上降低了计算量;对于由接地导体与土壤分界面处介质突变引起的病态方程,采用有限元方程的弱解形式,降低了微分方程对场量连续性的要求,加快了方程的收敛速度;针对大幅值入地电流下土壤的非线性特性,在有限元计算中令单元土壤电阻率为该单元电场强度的函数,采用非线性有限元算法加以考虑。将此模型对典型接地装置的仿真结果与相关实测及文献计算结果对比,验证了其分析接地装置非线性特性的有效性。

金属塑性成形过程无网格伽辽金法数值模拟技术研究

将无网格伽辽金法与刚(粘)塑性流动理论相结合,对无网格伽辽金法在金属塑性成形过程数值模拟中的应用技术进行了研究,分别采用混合变换法和罚函数法实现速度边界条件和体积不变条件,提出了基于刚(粘)塑性力学流动理论的无网格伽辽金法,给出了金属塑性成形无网格伽辽金法数值模拟的关键算法,拓展了无网格方法在金属成形领域的应用范围。典型算例的数值计算结果表明了方法的可行性。

有界弦振动方程的有限元方法求解

为求解具有固定端点的有界弦振动问题,提出了一种基于有限元方法的数值算法。根据加权残数法,推导出弦振动方程的积分弱形式;进而由伽辽金法、选择线性的插值函数得到有限元方程形式。由时间积分法建立了弦振动位移的隐式表达式。运用边界及初始条件,计算求得各个时刻的弦振动状态。通过对算例的分析可知,其数值结果与解析解实现了很好的吻合,同时验证了该方法具有较高的精确度及较好的稳定性。