基于Local-Global-VIT细粒度分类算法的蝴蝶识别

【目的】准确鉴别蝴蝶种类,动态观测蝴蝶群落多样性变化对生境质量评估、生态环境恢复等方面具有重要意义。针对现有蝴蝶识别方法仅依靠整体特征,忽略了局部特征导致识别生态图像能力不足的问题,本研究旨在开发一种Local-Global-VIT细粒度分类算法的蝴蝶识别方法。【方法】本研究以5科200种共计25 279张蝴蝶图像为识别对象,采用多种数据增强方法扩充图像数据;通过视觉Transformer(vision transformer, VIT)层级结构及自注意力机制逐层选择局部令牌并保留至最后一层学习蝴蝶局部判别部位信息;聚合高层全局令牌消除复杂背景干扰;通过对比损失拉大类间距提高区分度。除此之外,使用合理的学习率调整策略和迁移学习方法,优化了模型收敛过程,在不增加参数量的情况下提高了性能。【结果】Local-Global-VIT算法在大规模细粒度公开数据集Butterfly-200上识别准确率达91.20%,较改进前提升了1.15%,比最优的一般害虫识别算法EfficientNet_b0和细粒度分类算法TransFG准确率分别高了1.83%和0.64%,F1分值分别提高了1.89%和0.88%。【结论】Local-Global-VIT算法以细粒度识别方式有效解决了蝴蝶类内差异大、类间差异小的分类难题,能准确地识别蝴蝶种类,有助于高效评估生境质量。

Studying the co-evolution of information diffusion,vaccination behavior and disease transmission in multilayer networks with local and global effects

Today,with the rapid development of the internet,a large amount of information often accompanies the rapid transmission of disease outbreaks,and increasing numbers of scholars are studying the relationship between information and the disease transmission process using complex networks.In fact,the disease transmission process is very complex.Besides this information,there will often be individual behavioral measures and other factors to consider.Most of the previous research has aimed to establish a two-layer network model to consider the impact of information on the transmission process of disease,rarely divided into information and behavior,respectively.To carry out a more in-depth analysis of the disease transmission process and the intrinsic influencing mechanism,this paper divides information and behavior into two layers and proposes the establishment of a complex network to study the dynamic co-evolution of information diffusion,vaccination behavior,and disease transmission.This is achieved by considering four influential relationships between adjacent layers in multilayer networks.In the information layer,the diffusion process of negative information is described,and the feedback effects of local and global vaccination are considered.In the behavioral layer,an individual's vaccination behavior is described,and the probability of an individual receiving a vaccination is influenced by two factors:the influence of negative information,and the influence of local and global disease severity.In the disease layer,individual susceptibility is considered to be influenced by vaccination behavior.The state transition equations are derived using the micro Markov chain approach(MMCA),and disease prevalence thresholds are obtained.It is demonstrated through simulation experiments that the negative information diffusion is less influenced by local vaccination behavior,and is mainly influenced by global vaccination behavior;vaccination behavior is mainly influenced by local disease conditions,and is less influenced by global disease conditions;the disease transmission threshold increases with the increasing vaccination rate;and the scale of disease transmission increases with the increasing negative information diffusion rate and decreases with the increasing vaccination rate.Finally,it is found that when individual vaccination behavior considers both the influence of negative information and disease,it can increase the disease transmission threshold and reduce the scale of disease transmission.Therefore,we should resist the diffusion of negative information,increase vaccination proportions,and take appropriate protective measures in time.

Deep Global Multiple-Scale and Local Patches Attention Dual-Branch Network for Pose-Invariant Facial Expression Recognition

Pose-invariant facial expression recognition(FER)is an active but challenging research topic in computer vision.Especially with the involvement of diverse observation angles,FER makes the training parameter models inconsistent from one view to another.This study develops a deep global multiple-scale and local patches attention(GMS-LPA)dual-branch network for pose-invariant FER to weaken the influence of pose variation and selfocclusion on recognition accuracy.In this research,the designed GMS-LPA network contains four main parts,i.e.,the feature extraction module,the global multiple-scale(GMS)module,the local patches attention(LPA)module,and the model-level fusion model.The feature extraction module is designed to extract and normalize texture information to the same size.The GMS model can extract deep global features with different receptive fields,releasing the sensitivity of deeper convolution layers to pose-variant and self-occlusion.The LPA module is built to force the network to focus on local salient features,which can lower the effect of pose variation and self-occlusion on recognition results.Subsequently,the extracted features are fused with a model-level strategy to improve recognition accuracy.Extensive experimentswere conducted on four public databases,and the recognition results demonstrated the feasibility and validity of the proposed methods.

Integrated multi-scale approach combining global homogenization and local refinement for multi-field analysis of high-temperature superconducting composite magnets

Second-generation high-temperature superconducting(HTS)conductors,specifically rare earth-barium-copper-oxide(REBCO)coated conductor(CC)tapes,are promising candidates for high-energy and high-field superconducting applications.With respect to epoxy-impregnated REBCO composite magnets that comprise multilayer components,the thermomechanical characteristics of each component differ considerably under extremely low temperatures and strong electromagnetic fields.Traditional numerical models include homogenized orthotropic models,which simplify overall field calculation but miss detailed multi-physics aspects,and full refinement(FR)ones that are thorough but computationally demanding.Herein,we propose an extended multi-scale approach for analyzing the multi-field characteristics of an epoxy-impregnated composite magnet assembled by HTS pancake coils.This approach combines a global homogenization(GH)scheme based on the homogenized electromagnetic T-A model,a method for solving Maxwell's equations for superconducting materials based on the current vector potential T and the magnetic field vector potential A,and a homogenized orthotropic thermoelastic model to assess the electromagnetic and thermoelastic properties at the macroscopic scale.We then identify“dangerous regions”at the macroscopic scale and obtain finer details using a local refinement(LR)scheme to capture the responses of each component material in the HTS composite tapes at the mesoscopic scale.The results of the present GH-LR multi-scale approach agree well with those of the FR scheme and the experimental data in the literature,indicating that the present approach is accurate and efficient.The proposed GH-LR multi-scale approach can serve as a valuable tool for evaluating the risk of failure in large-scale HTS composite magnets.

Methodology for local correction of the heights of global geoid models to improve the accuracy of GNSS leveling

At present,one of the methods used to determine the height of points on the Earth’s surface is Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)leveling.It is possible to determine the orthometric or normal height by this method only if there is a geoid or quasi-geoid height model available.This paper proposes the methodology for local correction of the heights of high-order global geoid models such as EGM08,EIGEN-6C4,GECO,and XGM2019e_2159.This methodology was tested in different areas of the research field,covering various relief forms.The dependence of the change in corrected height accuracy on the input data was analyzed,and the correction was also conducted for model heights in three tidal systems:"tide free","mean tide",and"zero tide".The results show that the heights of EIGEN-6C4 model can be corrected with an accuracy of up to 1 cm for flat and foothill terrains with the dimensionality of 1°×1°,2°×2°,and 3°×3°.The EGM08 model presents an almost identical result.The EIGEN-6C4 model is best suited for mountainous relief and provides an accuracy of 1.5 cm on the 1°×1°area.The height correction accuracy of GECO and XGM2019e_2159 models is slightly poor,which has fuzziness in terms of numerical fluctuation.

Spatial Analysis of the Aging Population and Socio-economic Factors of China:Global and Local Perspectives

Population aging has become an inevitable trend and exerted profound influences on socio-economic development in China.In this study,we utilized data from national population census and statistical yearbooks in 2010 and 2020 to explore spatio-temporal patterns of aging population and its coupling correlations with socio-economic factors from both global and local perspectives.The results from Local Indicators of Spatial Association(LISA)uncover notable spatial disparities in aging population rates,with higher rates concentrated in the eastern regions and lower rates in the western areas of the Chinese mainland.The results from the global correlation analysis with the changes in aging population rates show significant positive correlations with government interventions and industrial structures,but negatively correlated with economic development,social consumption,and medical facilities.From a local perspective,a Geographically Weighted(GW)correlation analysis is employed to uncover local correlations between aging trends and socio-economic factors.The insights gained from this technique not only underscore the complexity and diversity of economic implications stemming from population aging,but also provide invaluable guidance for crafting region-specific economic policies tailored to various stages of population aging.

Global Existence and Decay of Solutions for a Class of a Pseudo-Parabolic Equation with Singular Potential and Logarithmic Nonlocal Source

This article investigates the well posedness and asymptotic behavior of Neumann initial boundary value problems for a class of pseudo-parabolic equations with singular potential and logarithmic nonlinearity. By utilizing cut-off techniques and combining with the Faedo Galerkin approximation method, local solvability was established. Based on the potential well method and Hardy Sobolev inequality, derive the global existence of the solution. In addition, we also obtained the results of decay.

Oruxmaps软件结合Global Mapper软件在矿产资源行业并购中的应用

纸质地质图结合手持GPS,采用手工方式野外记录的传统地质调查工作方式已不能适应数字化和信息化的要求,在矿产资源并购项目中,运用Oruxmaps、Global Mapper等软件,可以制作适应地质调查工作所特需的离线地质图,实现地质图、GPS定位、路线轨迹记录、文字记录、影像记录等的有机结合,形成了一套行之有效的工作流程,极大地提高了路线地质调查工作的质量和效率。

Global Mapper在水库库容计算及淤积分析中的应用研究

基于快捷精准计算水库库容,并与原始库容对比分析库容淤积的目的,使用Global Mapper软件的库容计算和DEM叠加分析功能,通过水库库容复核工程实例进行应用试验,结果表明使用Global Mapper计算库容的结果精度与等高线法的库容结果相当,计算高效、结果可靠,DEM叠加分析成果可以直观展示库容淤积分布,有助于为管理单位冲淤冲沙提供决策。

Evolutionary Multitasking With Global and Local Auxiliary Tasks for Constrained Multi-Objective Optimization

Constrained multi-objective optimization problems(CMOPs) include the optimization of objective functions and the satisfaction of constraint conditions, which challenge the solvers.To solve CMOPs, constrained multi-objective evolutionary algorithms(CMOEAs) have been developed. However, most of them tend to converge into local areas due to the loss of diversity. Evolutionary multitasking(EMT) is new model of solving complex optimization problems, through the knowledge transfer between the source task and other related tasks. Inspired by EMT, this paper develops a new EMT-based CMOEA to solve CMOPs, in which the main task, a global auxiliary task, and a local auxiliary task are created and optimized by one specific population respectively. The main task focuses on finding the feasible Pareto front(PF), and global and local auxiliary tasks are used to respectively enhance global and local diversity. Moreover, the global auxiliary task is used to implement the global search by ignoring constraints, so as to help the population of the main task pass through infeasible obstacles. The local auxiliary task is used to provide local diversity around the population of the main task, so as to exploit promising regions. Through the knowledge transfer among the three tasks, the search ability of the population of the main task will be significantly improved. Compared with other state-of-the-art CMOEAs, the experimental results on three benchmark test suites demonstrate the superior or competitive performance of the proposed CMOEA.

Loop Closure Detection via Locality Preserving Matching With Global Consensus

A critical component of visual simultaneous localization and mapping is loop closure detection(LCD),an operation judging whether a robot has come to a pre-visited area.Concretely,given a query image(i.e.,the latest view observed by the robot),it proceeds by first exploring images with similar semantic information,followed by solving the relative relationship between candidate pairs in the 3D space.In this work,a novel appearance-based LCD system is proposed.Specifically,candidate frame selection is conducted via the combination of Superfeatures and aggregated selective match kernel(ASMK).We incorporate an incremental strategy into the vanilla ASMK to make it applied in the LCD task.It is demonstrated that this setting is memory-wise efficient and can achieve remarkable performance.To dig up consistent geometry between image pairs during loop closure verification,we propose a simple yet surprisingly effective feature matching algorithm,termed locality preserving matching with global consensus(LPM-GC).The major objective of LPM-GC is to retain the local neighborhood information of true feature correspondences between candidate pairs,where a global constraint is further designed to effectively remove false correspondences in challenging sceneries,e.g.,containing numerous repetitive structures.Meanwhile,we derive a closed-form solution that enables our approach to provide reliable correspondences within only a few milliseconds.The performance of the proposed approach has been experimentally evaluated on ten publicly available and challenging datasets.Results show that our method can achieve better performance over the state-of-the-art in both feature matching and LCD tasks.We have released our code of LPM-GC at https://github.com/jiayi-ma/LPM-GC.

SLGC: Identifying influential nodes in complex networks from the perspectives of self-centrality, local centrality, and global centrality

Identifying influential nodes in complex networks and ranking their importance plays an important role in many fields such as public opinion analysis, marketing, epidemic prevention and control. To solve the issue of the existing node centrality measure only considering the specific statistical feature of a single dimension, a SLGC model is proposed that combines a node’s self-influence, its local neighborhood influence, and global influence to identify influential nodes in the network. The exponential function of e is introduced to measure the node’s self-influence;in the local neighborhood,the node’s one-hop neighboring nodes and two-hop neighboring nodes are considered, while the information entropy is introduced to measure the node’s local influence;the topological position of the node in the network and the shortest path between nodes are considered to measure the node’s global influence. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model, extensive comparison experiments are conducted with eight existing node centrality measures on six real network data sets using node differentiation ability experiments, susceptible–infected–recovered(SIR) model and network efficiency as evaluation criteria. The experimental results show that the method can identify influential nodes in complex networks more accurately.

El Niño and the AMO Sparked the Astonishingly Large Margin of Warming in the Global Mean Surface Temperature in 2023

In 2023,the majority of the Earth witnessed its warmest boreal summer and autumn since 1850.Whether 2023 will indeed turn out to be the warmest year on record and what caused the astonishingly large margin of warming has become one of the hottest topics in the scientific community and is closely connected to the future development of human society.We analyzed the monthly varying global mean surface temperature(GMST)in 2023 and found that the globe,the land,and the oceans in 2023 all exhibit extraordinary warming,which is distinct from any previous year in recorded history.Based on the GMST statistical ensemble prediction model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,the GMST in 2023 is predicted to be 1.41℃±0.07℃,which will certainly surpass that in 2016 as the warmest year since 1850,and is approaching the 1.5℃ global warming threshold.Compared to 2022,the GMST in 2023 will increase by 0.24℃,with 88%of the increment contributed by the annual variability as mostly affected by El Niño.Moreover,the multidecadal variability related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)in 2023 also provided an important warming background for sparking the GMST rise.As a result,the GMST in 2023 is projected to be 1.15℃±0.07℃,with only a 0.02℃ increment,if the effects of natural variability—including El Niño and the AMO—are eliminated and only the global warming trend is considered.

‘Partly'globalized networks and driving mechanism in resource-based state-owned enterprises:A case study of J Group

In the context of economic globalization,while multinational enterprises from developed countries occupy a high-end position in the global value chain,enterprises from developing countries are often marginalized in the world market.In China,resource-based state-owned enterprises(SOEs)are tasked with the mission of safeguarding resource security,and their internationalization development ideas and strategic deployment are significantly and fundamentally different from those of other non-state-owned enterprises and large multinational corporations.This study provides ideas for the globalization policies of enterprises in developing countries.We consider J Group in western China as a case and discuss its productive investment and global production network development from 2010 to 2019.We found that J Group was‘Partly'globalized,and there are multiple core nodes with the characteristics of centralized and decentralized coexistence in the production network;in addition,the overall layout centre shifted to Southeast Asia and China;however,its global production was restricted by the enterprise's investment security considerations,support and restrictions of the home country,political security risk of the host country,and sanctions from the West.These findings provide insights for future research:under the wave of anti-globalization and'internal circulation as the main body',resource SOEs should consider the potential risk of investment,especially keeping the middle and downstream industrial chain in China as much as possible.

Record-breaking High-temperature Outlook for 2023: An Assessment Based on the China Global Merged Temperature(CMST) Dataset

According to the latest version(version 2.0) of the China global Merged Surface Temperature(CMST2.0) dataset, the global mean surface temperature(GMST) in the first half of 2023 reached its third warmest value since the period of instrumental observation began, being only slightly lower than the values recorded in 2016 and 2020, and historically record-breaking GMST emerged from May to July 2023. Further analysis also indicates that if the surface temperature in the last five months of 2023 approaches the average level of the past five years, the annual average surface temperature anomaly in 2023 of approximately 1.26°C will break the previous highest surface temperature, which was recorded in 2016of approximately 1.25°C(both values relative to the global pre-industrialization period, i.e., the average value from 1850 to1900). With El Ni?o triggering a record-breaking hottest July, record-breaking average annual temperatures will most likely become a reality in 2023.

Global hybrid simulations of soft X-ray emissions in the Earth’s magnetosheath

Earth’s magnetopause is a thin boundary separating the shocked solar wind plasma from the magnetospheric plasmas,and it is also the boundary of the solar wind energy transport to the magnetosphere.Soft X-ray imaging allows investigation of the large-scale magnetopause by providing a two-dimensional(2-D)global view from a satellite.By performing 3-D global hybrid-particle-in-cell(hybrid-PIC)simulations,we obtain soft X-ray images of Earth’s magnetopause under different solar wind conditions,such as different plasma densities and directions of the southward interplanetary magnetic field.In all cases,magnetic reconnection occurs at low latitude magnetopause.The soft X-ray images observed by a hypothetical satellite are shown,with all of the following identified:the boundary of the magnetopause,the cusps,and the magnetosheath.Local X-ray emissivity in the magnetosheath is characterized by large amplitude fluctuations(up to 160%);however,the maximum line-of-sight-integrated X-ray intensity matches the tangent directions of the magnetopause well,indicating that these fluctuations have limited impact on identifying the magnetopause boundary in the X-ray images.Moreover,the magnetopause boundary can be identified using multiple viewing geometries.We also find that solar wind conditions have little effect on the magnetopause identification.The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will provide X-ray images of the magnetopause for the first time,and our global hybrid-PIC simulation results can help better understand the 2-D X-ray images of the magnetopause from a 3-D perspective,with particle kinetic effects considered.

Genome-wide investigation to assess copy number variants in the Italian local chicken population

Background Copy number variants(CNV)hold significant functional and evolutionary importance.Numerous ongoing CNV studies aim to elucidate the etiology of human diseases and gain insights into the population structure of livestock.High-density chips have enabled the detection of CNV with increased resolution,leading to the identification of even small CNV.This study aimed to identify CNV in local Italian chicken breeds and investigate their distribution across the genome.Results Copy number variants were mainly distributed across the first six chromosomes and primarily associated with loss type CNV.The majority of CNV in the investigated breeds were of types 0 and 1,and the minimum length of CNV was significantly larger than that reported in previous studies.Interestingly,a high proportion of the length of chromosome 16 was covered by copy number variation regions(CNVR),with the major histocompatibility complex being the likely cause.Among the genes identified within CNVR,only those present in at least five animals across breeds(n=95)were discussed to reduce the focus on redundant CNV.Some of these genes have been associated to functional traits in chickens.Notably,several CNVR on different chromosomes harbor genes related to muscle development,tissue-specific biological processes,heat stress resistance,and immune response.Quantitative trait loci(QTL)were also analyzed to investigate potential overlapping with the identified CNVR:54 out of the 95 gene-containing regions overlapped with 428 QTL associated to body weight and size,carcass characteristics,egg production,egg components,fat deposition,and feed intake.Conclusions The genomic phenomena reported in this study that can cause changes in the distribution of CNV within the genome over time and the comparison of these differences in CNVR of the local chicken breeds could help in preserving these genetic resources.

Present situation and prospect of immunotherapy for unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer during peri-radiotherapy

Four major studies(Checkmate577,Keynote-590,Checkmate649 and Attraction-4)of locally advanced esophageal cancer published in 2020 have established the importance of immunotherapy,represented by anti-programmed death protein(PD)-1 in postoperative adjuvant treatment and advanced first-line treatment of locally advanced or advanced esophageal cancer and esophagogastric junction cancer,from the aspects of proof of concept,long-term survival,overall survival rate and progression-free survival.For unresectable or inoperable nonmetastatic esophageal cancer,concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the standard treatment recommended by various guidelines.Because its curative effect is still not ideal,it is necessary to explore radical radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the future,and it is considered to be promising to combine them with immunotherapeutic drugs such as anti-PD-1.This paper mainly discusses how to combine radical concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy with immunotherapy for unresectable local advanced esophageal cancer.

GLOBAL SOLUTIONS TO 1D COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES/ALLEN-CAHN SYSTEM WITH DENSITY-DEPENDENT VISCOSITY AND FREE-BOUNDARY

This paper is concerned with the Navier-Stokes/Allen-Cahn system,which is used to model the dynamics of immiscible two-phase flows.We consider a 1D free boundary problem and assume that the viscosity coefficient depends on the density in the form ofη(ρ)=ρ^(α).The existence of unique global H^(2m)-solutions(m∈N)to the free boundary problem is proven for when 0<α<1/4.Furthermore,we obtain the global C^(∞)-solutions if the initial data is smooth.

Emerging global interest:Unraveling the link between diabetes mellitus and depression

BACKGROUND Studies have shown a strong bidirectional association between diabetes and depression,with diabetes increasing the risk of developing depression and vice versa.Depression among patients with diabetes is associated with poor glycemic control,complications,and poor self-care.AIM To explore the present state of research globally concerning diabetes and depression,to aid understanding the current research landscape and identify potential future areas of research.METHODS A bibliometric approach was used,utilizing the Scopus database to gather pertinent research articles released from 2004 to 2023.Analyses encompassed publication patterns,significant contributors,research focal points,prevalent themes,and the most influential articles,aimed at discerning emerging research subjects.RESULTS A total of 3229 publications that met the search criteria were identified.A significant increase in the number of publications related to diabetes and depression has been observed in the past two decades.The most productive nation was the USA(n=1015;31.43%),followed by China(n=325;10.07%),the UK(n=236;7.31%),and Germany(n=218;6.75%).Three principal themes in research on depression and diabetes were delineated by the analysis.First,the exploration of the elevated prevalence and etiology of this comorbidity;second,the focus on interventions,particularly randomized controlled trials,aimed at enhancing diabetes management among individuals with depression;and finally,the investigation of the involved risk factors and biological mechanisms under-lying this bidirectional relationship.CONCLUSION There has been a recent surge of interest in the relationship between diabetes and depression.This could aid researchers to identify areas lacking in the literature and shape future research.