Female-biased Dispersal of the Emei Moustache Toad (Leptobrachium boringii) under Local Resource Competition

Dispersal is an important area of ecological and evolutionary research.Although many studies have been conducted in mammals and birds,dispersal pattern in amphibians is still unclear.To verify dispersal patterns of amphibians,an endangered species the Emei Moustache Toad(Leptobrachium boringii)was selected.In this study,we analyzed six genetic parameters:inbreeding coefficient(F_(IS)),gene diversity(H_S),the mean of corrected assignment index(mAI_C),the variance of corrected assignment index(vAI_C),relatedness(r)for all three years together and each year separately based on eight highly polymorphic microsatellite loci.Data in totaled across years and each year for 581 individuals captured during 2013–2015 revealed a significant female-biased dispersal pattern.Significantly higher F_(IS) and H_S in females,and lower mAI_C and r for each year separately in females support that L.boringii displays femalebiased dispersal,although r for the total dataset and vAI_C tests did not show significant differences between the sexes.Female-biased dispersal patterns may be explained by the local resource competition hypothesis.

Research of Mechanism on the Impact of Local Governmental Competition on Farmland Conversion

In the perspective of local governmental competition, the impact of local governmental competition on farmland conversion is analyzed in terms of political competition, factors competition and products competition, and the empirical analysis is conducted according to the provincial data from 2002 to 2007. The results show that the endowment of land resources correlates negatively with the scale of farmland conversion, and the population, the tendency of exceeding capital investment and the competition of research and development input correlate positively with the scale of farmland conversion. According to these research results, corresponding policies and countermeasures are put forward: we should overhaul the system of performance evaluation of local governmental officials; we should normalize the local governmental competitive behavior.

“Scrambling”: Logic of horizontal competition between local governments based on three cases of interprovincial disaster counterpart support

Interprovincial counterpart support is a cooperative system used by local governments to achieve horizontal flow of resources based on cross-regional cooperation.Existing research has mainly focused on governance ef‐ficiency,institutional advantages,and ranking incentives while ignoring the scrambling behavior and opera‐tional mechanisms of local governments formed by ranking incentives and territorial responsibilities.This study selected the Wenchuan earthquake,Yushu earthquake,and COVID-19 as three typical cases.We con‐structed a theoretical framework for competition among provincial local governments and found that competi‐tion in interprovincial disaster counterpart support followed a dual behavioral logic of“striving to be first”and“fear of being last”.Specifically,local governments will choose striving to be first under the logic of time coercion,content games,and territorial responsibility;they will choose fear of being last under the logic of re‐sponsibility avoidance and moral pressure.This type of scrambling-based horizontal competition reflects the logic of local government competition tournaments.This study further revealed the specific processes,mecha‐nisms,and results of horizontal local government competition,which can provide inspiration for cross regional and provincial cooperation.

Strategic interaction among local governments, fiscal spending competition and regional economic growth

Using a spatial econometric model, this paper investigates strategic interaction among provincial governments regarding expenditures, the mechanism behind expenditures interaction and their effects on economic growth in China. Our conclusion is as follows: Significant strategic interaction exists among provincial governments regarding expenditures mainly owing to fiscal competition mechanism in China, and expenditures interaction has changed significantly since tax sharing system reform, which has had positive effects on regional economic growth. This conclusion has significant implications for the optimization of public functions, size and structure of local governments in China.

A Memetic Algorithm With Competition for the Capacitated Green Vehicle Routing Problem

In this paper, a memetic algorithm with competition(MAC) is proposed to solve the capacitated green vehicle routing problem(CGVRP). Firstly, the permutation array called traveling salesman problem(TSP) route is used to encode the solution, and an effective decoding method to construct the CGVRP route is presented accordingly. Secondly, the k-nearest neighbor(k NN) based initialization is presented to take use of the location information of the customers. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of the CGVRP, the search operators in the variable neighborhood search(VNS) framework and the simulated annealing(SA) strategy are executed on the TSP route for all solutions. Moreover, the customer adjustment operator and the alternative fuel station(AFS) adjustment operator on the CGVRP route are executed for the elite solutions after competition. In addition, the crossover operator is employed to share information among different solutions. The effect of parameter setting is investigated using the Taguchi method of design-ofexperiment to suggest suitable values. Via numerical tests, it demonstrates the effectiveness of both the competitive search and the decoding method. Moreover, extensive comparative results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective and efficient than the existing methods in solving the CGVRP.

DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF AN INNOVATION DIFFUSION MODEL WITH INTRA-SPECIFIC COMPETITION BETWEEN COMPETING ADOPTERS

In this paper,we proposed an innovation diffusion model with three compartments to investigate the diffusion of an innovation(product)in a particular region.The model exhibits two equilibria,namely,the adopter-free and an interior equilibrium.The existence and local stability of the adopter-free and interior equilibria are explored in terms of the effective Basic Influence Number(BIN)R_(A).It is investigated that the adopter free steady-state is stable if R_(A)<1.By consideringτ(the adoption experience of the adopters)as the bifurcation parameter,we have been able to obtain the critical value ofτresponsible for the periodic solutions due to Hopf bifurcation.The direction and stability analysis of bifurcating periodic solutions has been performed by using the arguments of normal form theory and the center manifold theorem.Exhaustive numerical simulations in the support of analytical results have been presented.

Environmental Sustainability and Regional Competitiveness:Innovative Steps by a Local Public Authority towards Energy Saving

Public local authorities are among the key players not only for assisting a nation to achieve its strategic energy goals but also for raising awareness towards relevant topics among its citizens.Yet,there has been little research on their role in this policy agenda.This paper aims to fill this gap by highlighting the significance of a local authority’s outcomes,in the environmental sustainability sphere,by its participation in various projects and EU programs.The reference years are 2014 to 2019 and the focus area is energy savings in public buildings and raising awareness on energy issues and sustainable development.This article’s aim is to outline the derived add value towards regional competitiveness and environmental sustainability from each action.Hersonisos Municipality’s holistic approach aims to reduce its overall energy balance and to point out that local authorities can become both a beckon of sustainability and a regional development pillar.

公平竞争审查制度地方实施激励机制研究

公平竞争审查制度地方实施激励机制能够激发地方政策制定机关的积极性,促进社会效益的整体提升。在公平竞争审查制度的地方实施中,应当引入物质性和非物质性激励的双重促进作用。将激励机制引入公平竞争审查制度地方实施中具有正当性,平衡论和外部性理论提供理论依据,既有法律制度和实施需求提供适用基础。当前的公平竞争审查制度地方实施激励机制不完善,表现为制度设计中的激励机制形同虚设,制度实践中的低效现象也较为普遍化。这主要是由自我审查模式的局限性、对惩罚机制的路径依赖、央地协调中存在的治理逻辑差异、地方发展中固有的“唯GDP”观念共同作用所致。健全公平竞争审查地方实施激励机制,应当遵循央地共建的思路,重点将制度实施成效纳入地方官员的考评体系。同时,设置具有针对性的激励方式、重视能力激励、增强激励工作的规范性,切实维护激励措施的落地实施。

地方政府竞争对土地资源错配的影响研究——基于成渝地区双城经济圈面板数据

成渝地区双城经济圈是我国经济的重要新兴增长极,但其发展相对滞后,经济增长内生动力不足,依靠土地出让的地方政府竞争行为依然普遍存在,不利于土地资源的高效配置。基于政府土地出让视角,构建地方政府博弈模型,选取成渝地区双城经济圈2009—2017年城市面板数据,采用系统GMM的实证研究表明:成渝地区政府竞争与土地资源错配呈现显著的“U”形变化特征,地区经济发展水平是这一影响的重要作用机制;在替换变量和剔除核心城市后,结论依然稳健;此外,由于政府竞争博弈行为的反复特征,土地资源错配程度存在动态循环的正向累积趋势。

“双一流”建设背景下西部地方高校学术竞争力提升的策略分析

在“双一流”建设背景下,西部地方高校在地域、民族以及自然资源方面具有天然的、不可替代的学术比较优势,在学术经费、学术人才、学科团队等方面也存在劣势,要提升学术竞争力,应对机遇与挑战有清醒的认识,注意扬长补短,要利用好各级政府政策和各类学术资源、注意推动应用型学科与行业产业的对接与联动,同时可以从开源、节流、集中力量办大事等方面入手补短。

地方竞争与区域协同导向下先进制造业政策适配性评估——以粤港澳大湾区九市为例

先进制造业作为引领经济高质量发展的基础力量,政府政策支持是增强其竞争力与协同度的必要条件。在地市层面,先进制造业政策普遍孤立且内容同构。政策适配性作为专门的理论视角有助于解决此类问题。它包括政策竞争取向与产业竞争力适配、政策配置水平与供给能力适配、政策协同取向与产业协同度适配三个维度,突出积极政策目的和相对需求标准。进一步构建评估的操作化方案并用于粤港澳大湾区九市实证分析,发现部分地市政策在相应维度的适配性欠佳且行业差异较大,政策目标未能紧扣产业结构中的短板进行设置,政策工具泛化且统筹分工机制不健全。为此,可从政策导向与要素选择、资源利用与政策创新、权责划分与统筹协调等方面着力,推动地市先进制造业政策适配性提升。

绿色技术创新对我国碳减排的影响——基于省级区域面板数据的实证分析

为了早日实现“碳达峰碳中和目标”,我国提出要建立健全绿色低碳循环发展的经济体系,而绿色技术创新是推动绿色高质量发展的关键核心,也是解决我国现实生态环境问题的重要支撑。为了研究绿色技术创新对地区碳减排的影响机制,文章基于我国30个省份2011-2020年的面板数据构建固定效应模型,并检验了能源利用率的中介机制和地方政府竞争的调节作用。研究发现,绿色技术创新可以显著促进碳减排,但这一促进作用在我国东部地区最显著,而在中部地区和西部地区不显著;进一步研究发现,绿色技术创新可以通过提高能源利用率促进碳减排,但地方政府竞争对绿色技术创新的促进作用起到负向调节作用。本研究为提高我国绿色技术创新能力、助力“双碳目标”的实现以及促进地方政府有序竞争提供了理论支撑和对策建议。

地方政府间关系与国内大循环:理论逻辑及中国实践

首先基于理论分析指出,地方政府的行为博弈显著影响着国内大循环畅通的关键条件:内生能力提升、供需两端有效衔接及国内循环系统运行高效。改革开放以来,中国地方政府间竞合关系经历了由物资交流、市场竞争到分工合作的嬗变,地方政府间竞合关系显著影响着国内生产、消费及流通环节的整合。透过各地《国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和和二〇三五年远景目标纲要》(下文简称“十四五”规划),发现在“双循环”发展战略背景下,省级地方政府更加重视区域内资源整合和区域经济一体化,但同时存在发展定位不明,开展内部“小循环”,市场经济建设的标准、规则冲突等隐忧。构建地方政府新型竞合关系、畅通国内大循环,应统筹区域发展、提升分工合作水平,加强东中西部地区跨区域合作、杜绝各类“小循环”,有序引导国内资源整合、避免恶性竞争,制订全国统一的市场建设标准和规则、推动地区间规制融合。

全球价值链重构对中国制造业竞争优势的影响

中国亟须针对GVC重构的不同趋势特征部署中国制造业应对战略。鉴于此,研究以GVC重构本土化趋势影响中国制造业竞争优势的理论机制为先导,选取1995年—2020年中国制造业14个细分行业的面板数据,构建计量模型进行分组回归检验以明确各组行业所受的差异化影响。实证结果表明:GVC重构本土化趋势对中国制造业部分低技术行业或低技术生产环节影响较大,其存在被其他竞争主体挤出取代的风险;GVC重构本土化趋势使得中国制造业部分具有比较优势的中技术行业短期内无法被其他竞争主体取代;GVC重构本土化趋势使得中国制造业高技术行业短板依旧。研究依据重构后中国制造业各行业竞争优势演变特征,提出分类、分阶段推进制造业渐进式发展的应对战略,以应对行业供应链中断风险。

地方普通本科师范高校科研生产力调查——以某省五校为例

为了解地方普通本科师范高校科研生产力现状,选取某省五所本科师范高校为研究样本,对五校在2011至2020年发表的中外核心期刊文献进行计量分析和横向对比。结果显示,五校的中外文高水平论文发表趋势具有一致性,但科研生产力呈现校际间发展不平衡的特点。研究建议,通过创新培育优势学科教科研团队、优化岗位分类激励教师高水平科研产出、推进高校教育综合改革等措施来提升地方普通本科高校科研生产力等科研竞争力。

财政压力与地方政府策略性行为——基于非税收入竞争视角的考察

基于2011—2018年省级面板数据,采用空间杜宾模型(SDM)考察财政压力对地方政府间非税收入竞争策略性行为的影响。结果表明:财政压力的增加显著削弱了地方政府间非税收入竞争的程度;地方政府在应对财政压力时针对不同类别的非税收入采取了差异化的竞争策略;地方政府倾向于通过提高非税收入负担率以应对财政压力的策略性行为不仅扰乱了地区间公平有序的竞争,而且增加了居民与企业的经济负担。提升财政透明度有助于抑制这一现象。

产业协同集聚对绿色经济效率的影响——地方政府竞争的调节作用

产业协同集聚可促进经济效率的提高,对实现高质量经济发展有重要意义。以生产性服务业与制造业为调研对象,基于2009—2020年省际面板数据,运用空间计量模型探究产业协同集聚对绿色经济效率的影响及作用机制。结果表明,生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚有助于绿色经济效率的提升,但在不同区域的作用效果存在差异;从具体结果看,两业协同集聚对中部地区绿色经济效率有显著促进作用,而在东部及西部地区促进作用并不显著。调节效应模型检验结果显示,地方政府竞争在产业协同集聚对绿色经济效率的影响中具有负向调节作用;地方政府竞争强度提高,会削弱产业协同集聚对绿色经济效率的促进效果。由此,加强产业集聚促进深度融合与渗透,改革和完善地方官员晋升体制,有助于提升绿色经济发展效率。

中国国家治理结构下“地方法治竞争”范式的反思

法治是现代治理的基本方式,法治建构受制于国家治理结构。“地方法治竞争”范式能否成立,需纳入整体性的国家治理制度逻辑与观念传统之中进行考察。通过“地方法治竞争”推动法治国家建构,实际面临诸多现实制约和实践难题,受限于观念上的工具主义法治观、体制结构中的一统格局和国家权力的功能主义,这三者具有深层的历史文化与社会结构根源。因此,探索法治国家建构的中国道路,需深入国家治理观念与政治社会结构,更新对法治理念及其构成元素的理解,走出工具主义法治观,在中国国家治理架构下自上而下推动,逐步走向“治理主义”法治观,认知法治的治理功能,并且将“法律正义”视为一种公共产品。

地方政府间环境约束目标竞争:理论分析与实证检验

地方政府间协同治理成为中国经济高质量发展的重要环节。论文通过整理275个地级市的政府工作报告中关于环境治理目标约束的内容,将其分为“硬约束”和“软约束”两类;构建地方政府间的演化博弈模型分析其策略行为,研究发现:地方政府选择环境治理目标约束的类型与邻近地方政府的政策选择相关,由周边地区污染示范外部效应以及自身经济增长偏好所决定,并且受地区间的经济规模差距的影响。进一步,利用2006—2018年中国275个地级市的数据检验假设中所描述的情况,回归结果显示假设中分析的各种策略都得到验证;分区域的检验,总体上满足假设,对个别在统计上不显著的结论提供了合理的解释。最后,针对前文分析提出了相关的政策建议。

数字技术赋能城市环境治理的效应与机制研究

选取2009—2020年中国285个地级及其以上城市的面板数据,在构建基准回归模型、中介效应模型和调节效应模型的基础上,采用固定效应模型、工具变量法和动态面板模型,可以实证检验数字技术对环境治理的影响效应和内在机制。研究发现,数字技术有助于促进城市环境治理。异质性检验表明,经济发展水平、资源禀赋和行政等级的差异均影响数字技术对环境治理的促进作用,在低经济发展水平城市、非资源型城市和中心城市更强。中介机制检验表明,数字技术通过经济规模扩张、产业结构优化和绿色技术创新能够促进城市环境治理。调节机制检验表明,在数字技术对城市环境治理的作用机制中,地方资源竞争起到负向调节效应,制度环境发挥正向调节效应。进一步讨论发现,数字技术与环境治理之间存在倒U形关系,数字技术对邻近地区的环境治理存在负向的空间溢出效应。