Overview of the identification of traffic accident-prone locations driven by big data

Effective identification of traffic accident-prone points can reduce accident risks and eliminate safety hazards.This paper first systematically compares the research in Chinese and foreign literature,and proposes three types of identification indicators,namely absolute,relative and comprehensive,according to different reference standards.According to the evaluation indicators and modelling methods,the current status of research and problems in identification theory and methods are systematically summarised in terms of mathematical statistics,cluster analysis,machine learning and conflict technology.The study shows that the foreign literature focuses on the innovation of data and indicators and changes from accident point safety management to road network safety management,while the research in Chinese literature focuses on the integration of multiple identification methods and theoretical innovation.Driven by big data,the identification of traffic accident-prone points has been further developed at the meso-micro scale.Morphological image processing methods are widely used,combined with GIS platforms,to accurately mine the spatial attributes and correlations of accidents.Also,considering the spatial and temporal distribution of accidents,the identification results are also transformed from regions to specific road sections and points to achieve more accurate identification.

Analysis of Geographical Distribution of Missing Children Based on the Missing Children Mobile GIS Mutual Assistance System of China

The Missing Children Mobile GIS Mutual Assistance System of China (MCMAS) is a mobile service software based on mobile GIS platform software, and it is committed to providing the most convenient and efficient system of personally mutual tracing services for missing children family and society. Relying on collaborative utilization of location-based service technology, face image intelligent recognition technology, cloud computing technology, public big data sharing technology, and mobile GIS technology, the MCMAS has achieved prominent application effects since it was deployed. At present, the MCMAS is running soundly, and it has received and released the information about 1011 missing children from May 25, 2016 to May 25, 2017. In order to explore the geographical distribution features and the influencing factors of missing children, the data of missing children are used for spatial and visual analysis by the data mining and GIS technologies. At the same time, we have built the spatial thermodynamic diagram of the big data of China missing children. By comparing provinces and cities with a higher proportion of missing children, the results showed that: 1) The high proportion of missing children spatially concentrated in the eastern part of the China. 2) The number of missing children was significantly correlated with the population density and economic status of the city. Furthermore, the paper macro-levelly presents a basic basis for rescuing the missing children from two aspects: regionally spatial characteristics and influencing factors.

Failure mechanism and coupled static-dynamic loading theory in deep hard rock mining: A review

Rock failure phenomena,such as rockburst,slabbing(or spalling) and zonal disintegration,related to deep underground excavation of hard rocks are frequently reported and pose a great threat to deep mining.Currently,the explanation for these failure phenomena using existing dynamic or static rock mechanics theory is not straightforward.In this study,new theory and testing method for deep underground rock mass under coupled static-dynamic loading are introduced.Two types of coupled loading modes,i.e.'critical static stress + slight disturbance' and 'elastic static stress + impact disturbance',are proposed,and associated test devices are developed.Rockburst phenomena of hard rocks under coupled static-dynamic loading are successfully reproduced in the laboratory,and the rockburst mechanism and related criteria are demonstrated.The results of true triaxial unloading compression tests on granite and red sandstone indicate that the unloading can induce slabbing when the confining pressure exceeds a certain threshold,and the slabbing failure strength is lower than the shear failure strength according to the conventional Mohr-Column criterion.Numerical results indicate that the rock unloading failure response under different in situ stresses and unloading rates can be characterized by an equivalent strain energy density.In addition,we present a new microseismic source location method without premeasuring the sound wave velocity in rock mass,which can efficiently and accurately locate the rock failure in hard rock mines.Also,a new idea for deep hard rock mining using a non-explosive continuous mining method is briefly introduced.

Optimum location of surface wells for remote pressure relief coalbed methane drainage in mining areas

Based on engineering tests in the Huainan coal mining area,we studied alternative well location to improve the performance of surface wells for remote pressure relief of coalbed methane in mining areas.The key factors,affecting location and well gas production were analyzed by simulation tests for similar material.The exploitation results indicate that wells located in various positions on panels could achieve relatively better gas production in regions with thin Cenozoic layers,low mining heights and slow rate of longwall advancement,but their periods of gas production lasted less than 230 days,as opposed to wells in regions with thick Cenozoic layers,greater mining heights and fast rates of longwall advancement.Wells near panel margins achieved relatively better gas production and lasted longer than centerline wells.The rules of development of mining fractures in strata over panels control gas production of surface wells.Mining fractures located in areas determined by lines of compaction and the effect of mining are well developed and can be maintained for long periods of time.Placing the well at the end of panels and on the updip return airway side of panels,determined by lines of compaction and the effect of mining,would result in surface wells for remote pressure relief CBM obtaining their longest gas production periods and highest cumulative gas production.

Application of micro-seismic monitoring technology in mining engineering

Micro-seismic phenomena, occurring when rock masses are subjected to forces and failures, allow the determination of their unstable states and failure zones by analyzing micro-seismic signals. We first present the principles of micro-seismic monitoring and location, as well as an underground explosion-proof micro-seismic monitoring system. Given a practical engineering application, we describe the application of micro-seismic monitoring technology in determining the height of a "two-zone" overburden, i.e., a caving zone and a fracture zone, the width of a coal-pillar section and the depth of failure of a floor. The workfaces monitored accomplished safe and highly efficient mining based on our micro-seismic monitoring results and provide direct proof of the reliability and validity of micro-seismic monitoring technology.

Reasonable location parameters of pick and nozzle in combined cutting system

The drum shearer and high pressure water jet combined cutting system is an effective technology to cut hard coal-rock, but one problem of the technology is the choice of pick and nozzle location parameters. In order to solve the problem, the process and mechanism of combined cutting arc studied and mining seepage catastrophe theory is used to construct the mathematic and physical model of combined cutting hard coal-rock. Based on the model and detailed analysis of combined cutting mechanism, the single pick and nozzle combined cutting test-bed is built to test the main pick and nozzle location parameters of drum shearer and water jet combined cutting system. Test results show that the best vertical distance between the pick-tip and nozzle center point is the sum of cutting thickness and proper target distance in the Y axial direction; the best horizontal distance is the length between pick-tip point and coal-rock surface bursting crack point in the X axial direction. The best incident angle of water jet should be the same as the bursting crack line＇s angle in theory, but considering other important factors comprehensively, it is more reasonable when the incident angle of water jet is 90°.

Research on inversion high mining pressure distribution and technology of preventing dynamic disasters by MS monitoring in longwall face

Under two rock strata combination conditions, over 10,000 microseismic events were received with microseismic location monitoring technology which possessed by the author＇s studying team, used in fully mechanized coal face of Huafeng Mine of Xinwen Coal Mining Group Co., Shandong Province. On the basis of the achievement of the location results, the conclusions were drawn as follows： On the basis of the achievement of 3D strata fracturing situation and the section plane of microseimic events in different areas, the relationship between spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field was found, and we might describe distribution range of dynamic pressure of advance pressure and lateral stress around long face, and range of structure ad-tivation. Quantitative guidance to prevent dynamic disasters was provided. The practice in coal mine got a effective results. According to the FLAG3D soft numerical simulation of diameter drilling hole （the diameter is 300 mm） to relieve pressure in specified geological condition in Huafeng Mine, the right distance of two dirlls is 2.5 m and the right depth is 12 m. The research pro-vided basic guiding and practical experiences for the underground microseismic monitoring and disaster prevention in side slopes or tunnels engineering.

Preparedness of Swedish EMS Personnel for Major Incidents in Underground Mines

The purpose of this study was to survey the EMS （emergency medical services） personnel preparedness for major incidents in the underground mining industry in Sweden. Every year, a high number of incidents, workplace accidents and fires are reported from the Swedish mining industry. Taking care of patients located in an underground mine represents a challenge to EMS personnel. Today, knowledge about EMS personnel preparedness for major incidents in the mining industry is limited. The study design was a cross-sectional survey. The questionnaires were distributed to EMS personnel working in ambulance stations geographically located near an underground mine. Thirteen ambulance stations were included and 137 of 258 personnel answered. Demographic data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Differences among groups were analyzed with the Chi-Squared test, continuity correction and t-test. Results showed about half of the participants reported that they do not feel prepared to work in a major incident in an underground mine. The majority wished to receive educational training to enhance their preparedness. The most commonly requested type of education was practical drills on the scene, in an underground mine. The reported preparedness was significantly higher among the participants who had received some kind of education, or had authentic experience of a mission in an underground mine than those who did not. This study reveals shortcomings in the preparedness of EMS personnel. The perceived low preparedness of EMS personnel may affect their ability to work in a major incident in the mining industry. Study findings may be used in planning the future education, including practical drills, of EMS personnel.

Competitive Advantage: A Study of Saudi SMEs to Adopt Data Mining for Effective Decision Making

It is very important for organizations to develop a competitive advantage for long-term survival in the market. For this purpose, the main objective of the study was to assess the role of data mining and employee training & Development to gain a competitive advantage. Moreover, the mediating role of personnel role and knowledge management is also assessed in the present study. The data in the present study were collected from the employees of SMEs in KSA using convenient sampling. The response rate of the study was 58.36%. For the analysis of the collected data, the study used PLS 3.2.9. The findings of the study reveal that data mining and training and development plays an important role for organizations to gain a competitive advantage through Knowledge management and personnel role. The findings of the study fill the gap of limited studies conducted regarding SMEs of KSA to gain a competitive advantage. The findings of the study are helpful for the policymakers of SMEs around the globe.

基于改进YOLOv7的矿井人员检测算法

矿井人员的实时检测是建设智慧矿山必不可少的内容,通过视频监测井下人员,从而实现危险区域预警及联动控制,对于矿井安全生产具有重要意义。现阶段可见光图像识别技术针对井下昏暗环境中人员的辨识还有待完善。针对井下光照不均、煤尘干扰严重导致监控视频存在噪声多、图像模糊等问题,提出一种改进YOLOv7的矿井人员检测算法。首先,针对ELAN模块直接拼接形成通道隔离的问题,提出基于通道重组与特征关注的复杂场景检测方式;其次,针对特征融合结果未侧重预期目标且模型缺乏针对性策略提升小目标检测性能,在颈部多尺度融合网络添加ACmix模块,兼顾全局特征和局部特征,提升了算法对小目标的检测能力;最后,引入Efficient IOU Loss提升算法收敛速度的同时减小目标框及先验框高度和宽度的差值,实现更加精准的定位。通过公开行人数据集及自建矿井人员检测数据集验证表明:该算法较YOLOv7模型相比,检测精度提升了3.1%,达到89.4%;召回率提升了3.8%,达到86.4%;速度提升了15.8%,达到68.8FPS;满足矿井人员实时检测的工作要求。

基于AI大模型的高校人事档案信息数据挖掘研究

高校干部人事档案信息是高校管理和决策的重要依据,也是记录教师职业发展的关键资料。传统的大数据技术在高校人事档案数据挖掘实践上存在难以应用的问题。相比之下,具备多类型数据处理能力、较低使用门槛、小样本训练效果显著等优势的AI大模型成为破解人事档案数据挖掘难题的新选择。文章从高校人员选拔、人员评价和人员发展3个方面分析了AI大模型在高校人事档案信息数据挖掘领域的应用。充分挖掘和利用高校干部人事档案信息,可以提高高校人才培养质量、促进教师队伍建设、优化高校管理制度等,对高校的发展具有重要意义。

“需求导向价值塑造职业发展”三位一体的采矿工程专业改革探索与实施——以武汉科技大学采矿工程专业为例

结合新工科背景下矿业发展的新需求,总结了采矿工程专业新型人才培养应加强培养目标与社会需求的紧密结合、加强使命教育和专业自信的全程培养、加强职业素养和教学实践的全面融合等问题,提出了“需求导向价值塑造职业发展”三位一体的采矿工程专业改革思路,实施了将价值塑造融入教育教学顶层设计、行业需求融入课程群教学内容优化、职业发展融入课内教学和课外实践等系列举措,显著提升了采矿工程专业新型人才的培养质量,取得了丰硕的教育教学改革成果。

基于招聘大数据的IT人才能力模型构建研究

随着信息技术的快速发展,企业对IT人才的需求在逐年加大。为提高IT类人才培养质量并促进其供需平衡,从智联招聘采集13 638条招聘数据对企业的真实人才需求进行调研,挖掘企业人才需求特征并据此构建冰山胜任力模型,从而建立IT类专业人才培养体系。研究表明,从知识、技能、综合素养、意识与态度4个维度构建的冰山胜任力模型,能够提高IT人才培养质量,并为毕业生就业提供指导和参考。

基于自训练抑制NLOS的井下人员定位方法

【目的】为了解决煤矿井下人员精确定位中的超宽带信号在井下容易受到非视距(NLOS)的干扰严重影响定位精度的问题。【方法】提出一种基于自训练抑制NLOS的井下人员定位方法,该方法设计了一个新型的通用数据融合框架。首先,PDR结合地图信息去除不可行的位置,采用基于多粒度网格滤波器联合估计位置和航向生成弱标签。其次,通过多传感器数据融合对弱标签迭代改进,生成训练样本,实现自主收集训练数据。最后将地图、惯性传感器和超宽带测量的数据采用贝叶斯估计进行数据融合去推断位置。【结果】通过在井下环境中模拟测试,结果表明,对于复杂的井下场景,NLOS条件下的均方根误差由原来的1.02下降到0.32 m,测距误差改善了69%,定位误差小于0.3 m的定位结果可以从49%提高到89%,证明了所提出的井下人员定位方法的有效性。

基于文本挖掘的水利工程施工人员不安全行为影响因素研究

人的不安全行为是引发安全事故的重要原因,为研究影响水利工程施工人员不安全行为的因素,通过文本挖掘技术对280起水利工程施工事故案例进行分析,并借助R语言形成可视化云词图,得到32种不安全行为影响因素。运用Ucinet软件进行共现网络构建和中心度计算,确定影响水利工程施工人员不安全行为的关键因素。

黑岱沟露天煤矿安全培训管理平台的设计构建

为了解决工学矛盾,减少传统安全培训方式对人力和物力造成的浪费,进一步提高安全培训的组织效率,提升安全培训效果;分析了我国相关法律法规对露天煤矿安全培训的要求,基于互联化+安全培训的模式构建了安全培训管理平台;安全培训管理平台实现了对培训计划、项目开展与档案管理情况的全过程管理,提升了教育培训和人才评价工作质量,更好地服务了高素质专业化人才队伍建设。

基于隐含空间模型降维和LDA模型的学科主题识别研究

【目的/意义】现有学科研究主题的梳理多为领域专家的定性分析和学科学者的文献梳理,一定程度会由于研究思维的局限性和获取知识的片面性造成学科研究主题误判,为有效避免漏判误判现象的发生,提出识别模型。【方法/过程】首先,运用传统LDA模型分析主题特征词;其次,结合上下文语义信息进行中文分词,形成学科主题词库;最后,结合隐含位置聚类算法发现潜在社区,提高主题识别效果。【结果/结论】提出的方法一定程度上优化了主题挖掘算法在识别短文本主题的效果,消除主观意愿。由计算机自行分类并实现科学研究前沿主题的预测,揭示前沿领域的研究热点,为致力于研究前沿学科的新兴学者提供参考价值。

基于PDR算法与伪平面技术的井下人员定位方法研究

为了降低行人航位推算(Pedestrian dead reckoning,PDR)算法在进行井下人员定位时产生的累积误差,提出了一种基于PDR算法与伪平面技术的井下人员定位方法。首先,采用惯性导航传感器获取井下人员的步态信息,通过线性步长估计模型和四元数法实现步长估计和方向估计,利用PDR算法推算人员的位置;其次,使用井下人员活动区域以及预设的标记点构建伪平面,并将井下人员位置映射到伪平面坐标上,为降低PDR算法的累积误差做准备;最后,采用SVM进行井下人员活动检测,通过转弯活动判断其是否处于特殊标记点,将PDR解算的位置与伪平面内已知转弯位置标记点进行相关性分析,完成伪平面信息与工人位置的匹配,校准并更新PDR位置,降低累积误差。结果表明:井下工人在完成单个转弯活动过程中,传统PDR算法解算位置平均误差为0.98 m,而进行伪平面修正后平均误差降低到0.31 m;在完成区域性多活动过程中,采用伪平面技术修正后的PDR平均定位误差从1.08 m降低到0.38 m。因此,所提出的井下人员定位方法有效提高了PDR算法的定位精度。

基于网格空间团的多级同位模式挖掘方法

针对传统的多级同位模式挖掘方法未考虑到实际数据分布的网格特性,且从全局到区域的多级模式挖掘框架会导致算法效率低下的问题,提出逆向挖掘多级同位模式的新框架.先挖掘区域同位模式,再由区域同位模式推导出全局同位模式,提出有效的剪枝策略提高挖掘效率.考虑真实数据集中数据分布的网格特性,定义实例间的网格邻近关系,提出网格空间团及计算网格空间团的新颖方法.在区域划分阶段,提出基于自适应网格密度峰值聚类的区域划分方法,基于2阶网格空间团的网格相似性来分配簇.在合成和实际数据集上进行大量的实验,验证了提出方法的有效性、高效性和可扩展性,在真实数据集上的剪枝率可以达到78%.

基于Web-LogMining寻找目标网页最优期望定位

为了优化网站的访问效能,实现网站实际结构与用户的使用行为相吻合,该文主要应用Web挖掘技术,以网站的服务器Web日志作为数据源,使用算法FEL和算法CRLL从用户访问事务序列中寻找目标网页的期望定位,并以最少“后退”次数为原则生成推荐链接列表。网站设计者可根据该列表,修改网页之间的链接关系,达到减少对目标网页搜索时间的目的。