Overview of the identification of traffic accident-prone locations driven by big data

Effective identification of traffic accident-prone points can reduce accident risks and eliminate safety hazards.This paper first systematically compares the research in Chinese and foreign literature,and proposes three types of identification indicators,namely absolute,relative and comprehensive,according to different reference standards.According to the evaluation indicators and modelling methods,the current status of research and problems in identification theory and methods are systematically summarised in terms of mathematical statistics,cluster analysis,machine learning and conflict technology.The study shows that the foreign literature focuses on the innovation of data and indicators and changes from accident point safety management to road network safety management,while the research in Chinese literature focuses on the integration of multiple identification methods and theoretical innovation.Driven by big data,the identification of traffic accident-prone points has been further developed at the meso-micro scale.Morphological image processing methods are widely used,combined with GIS platforms,to accurately mine the spatial attributes and correlations of accidents.Also,considering the spatial and temporal distribution of accidents,the identification results are also transformed from regions to specific road sections and points to achieve more accurate identification.

A Computational Analysis of the Influence of Anastomosis Angle on Stenosis-Prone Locations during Radio-Cephalic Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation

In dialysis treatment, the radio-cephalic arteriovenous fistula (RCAVF) is a commonly used fistula, yet its low maturation rate remains a challenge. To enhance surgical outcomes, the relationship between stenosis-prone locations and RCAVF anastomosis angle is studied during maturation by developing two sets of RCAVF models for early (non-mature) and mature RCAVFs at five anastomosis angles. The impact of hemodynamics and wall shear stress (WSS) is examined to determine optimal anastomotic angles. Results indicate that acute angles produce more physiological WSS distributions and fewer disturbed regions, with early stenosis-prone regions located near the anastomosis that shift to the bending venous segment during remodeling. A pilot study comparing clinical and numerical results is conducted for validation.

Rose Oil Composition from the Flowers of Rosa rugosa Thunb. Growing in Different Locations of China

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the main compositions in the rose oil of the rose flowers from different regions in China. [Method] The oils from rose flowers of Rosa rugosa Thunb. collected from six provinces in China were obtained by hydrodistillation and further analyzed by GC-MS. [Result] The content of rose oil ranged from 0.023% （v/w） to 0.056% （v/w）. Forty-nine constituents included nine alcohols, seventeen aliphatic hydrocarbons, twelve carbonyls, three miscellaneous compound, two benzenes and six esters, of which eicosane （0.84% -17.81% ）, heneicosane （1.07%-26.65%）, 2-methyl-heptane （0.12%-9.14%）, 4,5-dimethyl octane （0.17%-3.13%）, 3-methyl-hexane （0.27%-11.74%）, citronellol （0.51%-9.53%） and linalool （0.31%-4.01%） were the main constituents. [Conclusion] The study indicates that there is qualitative and quantitative difference in chemical composition of rose oil of rose flowers produced in different areas in China. The influence of production area should be carefully considered in order to maintain a consistent production of quality herb.

Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection in special locations

Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is considered one of the most challenging endoscopic procedures for novice endoscopists. When compared with the stomach, the colon and rectum have a narrower tubular lumen, greater angulation at the flexures, and a thinner muscle layer. These factors make endoscopic control and maneuverability difficult. ESD of the colorectum was considered more difficult than gastric and esophageal ESD. However, with learning from the experts, practicing, and selecting an appropriate technique,most of colorectal ESD could be performed successfully. Nevertheless, some colorectal locations are extremely specialized either from unique anatomy or given unstable scope position. Accordingly, the objective of this review was to provide endoscopists with an overview of the techniques and outcomes associated with ESD at these special colorectal locations. ESD at the discussed special locations of the ileo-colo-rectum was found to be feasible, and outcomes were comparable to those of ESD performed in non-special locations of the ileocolo-rectum. Practice for skill improvement and awareness of the unique characteristics of each special location is the key to performing successful ESD.

On-Line Detection of EDM Spark Locations Using Potential Difference Method

The valuation relation of potential difference with discharging time in Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is analyzed theoretically and tested and verified by experiments designed in this paper and the relation between potential difference and spark location is induced and analyzed, and proceed by experiments under the condition of onedimension.

Research of EDM Spark Locations in Die-sinking

Detection of 2-dimention spark locations by electromagnetic detection method in electrical discharge machining (EDM) is studied. The method, which is applied and investigated, is based on the fact that the release of energy from a spark is transformed into electromagnetic wave around the workpiece. A new sensor system composed of high precision linear Hall components and cubic ferrite is used to detect the intensity of magnetic field. Relation equation between the output of the sensor system and 2-dimention spark locations experiment under a spiculate electrode is introduced, and its diagram of curve is drawn. As a result, the information that can be achieved by detecting spark’s location gives new possibilities for an extended analysis of the EDM-process.

The Incorporation of Precautionary Principle in the Planning of Global System for Mobile Communications Mast Locations in Built-up Areas： Proposals for Jimeta, Nigeria

This paper aimed at incorporating the precautionary principles into the planning and development of GSM （global system for mobile communications） masts within the built-up areas of Jimeta. Using GIS （geographic information system） analysis technique, the zone of precautionary principle was defined to 500 meters radius as the zone within which precautionary measures are exercised. The criteria for siting GSM base station are also equally identified. For instance, the presence of certain elements within the precautionary zone like schools, hospitals, residential density and overlap of RF （radio frequency） occurrences, may disqualify any mast location. Analysis of the land use within precautionary zone has shown various proportions of exposure to RF, whereas, only 3.39% of the masts are suitably located and 94.92% are not and therefore should be relocated. The study recommend measures for addressing physical development within precautionary areas, including land conversion and mast sharing to reduce potential harmful effects of RF emanating from GSM base stations.

Sustainability Research Project: Research of Suitable Locations, Design and Operation of Microalgae Production Plants for Biofuel’s

One of the most damaging of these environmental issues is the use of fossil fuels resulting global warming due to the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. The world’s dependency on fossil fuels has also led to depleting supplies creating a need to develop alternative energy sources. Fossil fuels are used to supply energy for many applications such as industry and farming but the use of fossil fuels for transport is by far the most extensive.

The Integrated System of Aerial Photogrammetry and Tower Locations Optimization for Transmission Lines

This paper describes the functions and the features of the integrated system of aerial survey and tower locations optimization for transmission lines, which includes all stages from data acquisition, data transmission and data processing to automatic optimization of the tower locations and drawing. The paper also briefly describes the economic benefit gained from this system, and finally proposes the directions of the future development for this system.

The Application of GGE Biplot Analysis for Evaluating Test Locations and Mega-Environment Investigation of Cotton Regional Trials

In the process to the marketing of cultivars, identification of superior test locations within multi-environment variety trial schemes is of critical relevance. It is relevant to breeding organizations as well as to governmental organizations in charge of cultivar registration. Where competition among breeding companies exists, effective and fair multi-environment variety trials are of utmost importance to motivate investment in breeding. The objective of this study was to use genotype main effect plus genotype by environment interaction（GGE） biplot analysis to evaluate test locations in terms of discrimination ability, representativeness and desirability, and to investigate the presence of multiple mega-environments in cotton production in the Yangtze River Valley（YaRV）, China. Four traits（cotton lint yield, fiber length, lint breaking tenacity, micronaire） and two composite selection indices were considered. It was found that the assumption of a single mega-environment in the YaRV for cotton production does not hold. The YaRV consists of three cotton mega-environments： a main one represented by 11 locations and two minor ones represented by two test locations each. This demands that the strategy of cotton variety registration or recommendation must be adjusted. GGE biplot analysis has also led to the identification of test location superior for cotton variety evaluation. Although test location desirable for selecting different traits varied greatly, Jinzhou, Hubei Province, China, was found to be desirable for selecting for all traits considered while Jianyang, Sichuan Province, China, was found to be desirable for none.

Northward Shift in Landfall Locations of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific during the Last Four Decades

This study analyzes landfall locations of tropical cyclones(TCs)over the western North Pacific during 1979–2018.Results demonstrate that the landfall locations of TCs over this region have shifted northward during the last four decades,primarily due to the shift of landfalling TC tracks,with the decreasing/increasing proportion of westward/northward TC tracks.In particular,the northward shift of the landfalling TCs was not related to their formation locations,which have not markedly changed,whereas"no-landed"TCs have significantly shifted northward.TC movement was significantly and positively correlated to the zonal component of the steering flow,while the correlation between TC movement and the meridional component of the steering flow was relatively unobvious.The westward steering flow in the tropical central Pacific that occurred around the formation and early development of the westward TCs was significantly weakened,which was unfavorable for their westward movement,thereby,causing the higher proportions of northward moving tracks.This weakened westward flow was related to the northward shift of the subtropical high ridge,which was caused by significant weakening of the southern part of the subtropical high.The vertical wind shear,sea surface temperature,and convective available potential energy also showed that the northern region of the western North Pacific became more favorable for TC development,whereas the upper divergence,low-layer relative vorticity,and accumulated water vapor content were not obviously related to the northward shift of TCs.

Improvements in seismic event locations in a deep western U.S. coal mine using tomographic velocity models and an evolutionary search algorithm

Methods of improving seismic event locations were investigated as part of a research study aimed at reducing ground control safety hazards. Seismic event waveforms collected with a 23-station three-dimensional sensor array during longwall coal mining provide the data set used in the analyses. A spatially variable seismic velocity model is constructed using seismic event sources in a passive tomographic method. The resulting three-dimensional velocity model is used to relocate seismic event positions. An evolutionary optimization algorithm is implemented and used in both the velocity model development and in seeking improved event location solutions. Results obtained using the different velocity models are compared. The combination of the tomographic velocity model development and evolutionary search algorithm provides improvement to the event locations.

Calculate Target Position of Object in 3-Dimensional Area Based on the Perceived Locations Using EOG Signals

EOG is a biosignal which occurs during eye activities such as eye movement and blink. EOG has a linear relationship with gaze distance. Detection object position in 3-dimensional area using gaze motion was proposed in this research. To calculate the distance of gaze motion in pixel unit, affine transform method was developed. The homogeneous matrix from five geometry processes: transformation-1, rotation, transformation-2, shear, and dilatation was determined. To give tracking ability in 3-dimensional area, two cameras were attached each in front of and top side of object. The cameras were accessed by voluntary blink. The EOG characteristic of blink eye was determined based on the absolute ratio between positive peak and negative peak which was greater than 1. Every blink toggled the active camera. The position of object was given by the perceived locations from the two cameras. Every movement in pixel coordinate was converted into centimeter unit. Then, the perceived location was used to calculate to the base coordinate. The result shows that the blink method successfully accessed the camera. Both of the cameras could show the location of object from their side. Calculating the gaze distance using affine transform also gave a satisfied result. Using this method controlling a machine in 3-dimensional area by EOG could be developed.

Associations between Lesion Locations and Stroke Recurrence in Survivors of First-ever Ischemic Stroke:A Prospective Cohort Study

Summary:Several studies have indicated that stroke survivors with multiple lesions or with larger lesion volumes have a higher risk of stroke recurrence.However,the relationship between lesion locations and stroke recurrence is unclear.We conducted a prospective cohort study of first-ever ischemic stroke survivors who were consecutively enrolled from January 2010 to December 2015.Stroke recurrence was assessed every 3 months after post-discharge via telephone interviews by trained interviewers.Lesion locations were obtained from hospital-based MRI or CT scans and classified using two classification systems that were based on cerebral hemisphere or vascular territory and brain anatomical structures.Flexible parametric survival models using the proportional hazards scale(PH model)were used to analyze the time-to-event data.Among 633 survivors,63.51%(n-402)had anterior circulation ischemia(ACI),and morc than half of all ACIs occurred in the subcortex.After a median follow-up of 2.5 years,117(18.48%)survivors developed a recurrent stroke.The results of the multivariate PH model showed that survivors with non-brain lesions were at higher risk of recurrence than those with right-side lesions(HR,2.79;95%CI,1.53,5.08;P-0.001).There was no increase in risk among survivors with left-side lesions(HR,0.97;95%CI,0.53,1.75;P=0.914)or both-side lesions(HR,1.24;95%CI,0.75,2.07;P-0.401)compared to those with right-side lesions.Additionally,there were no associations between stroke ecurrence and lesion locations that were classified based on vascular territory and brain anatomical structures.It was concluded that first-ever ischemic stroke survivors with non-brain lesion had higher recurrence risk than those with right-side lesion,although no significant associations were found when the lesion locations were classified by vascular territory and brain anatomical structures.

The clinical efficacy of percutaneous ethanol-lipiodol injection(PEI)combined with high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)for small hepatocellularcarcinoma in special or high-risk locations

Objective The objective of this study was to explore the short-term effects and postoperative complications of ultrasound-guided percutaneous ethanol-lipiodol injection(PEI)combined with high-intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma in a special or high-risk location.Methods Forty patients with small liver cancer in a special or high-risk location were randomly divided into two groups:20 patients were treated with PEI combined with HIFU(P+H group),and 20 patients were treated with HIFU alone(H group).There were no significant differences in average age,liver function,tumor location,tumor number,or tumor size between the two groups(P>0.05).Results Significant differences were observed in ablation parameters between the two groups(P<0.05).Under the same power,ablation rates of the P+H group were significantly higher than those in the H group,and postoperative complications in the P+H group were significantly lower than those in the H group(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of PEI and HIFU has better clinical value than HIFU alone for small-cell liver cancer in special or high-risk locations.

Determining effective criteria for the selection of MDF industry locations in Mazandaran Province: Application of AHP

Selecting the optimum location with attention to conditions and restrictions is one of the most importantfactors in establishing a manufacturing plant. Identification of effective criteria is an important stage in the selection for the location of industrial units. In this study, an analytic hierarchy process （AHP） was applied to select the most effective criteria for the location of MDF （medium density fiberboard） industry in Mazandaran Province, Iran. A consideration in ttaining this goal is that Mazandaran is favored over other provinces because of its resources of raw lignocellulosic ma- erial required for wood and paper industries. The results indicate that the criterion of ＂materials and products＂ and the ub-criterion of ＂reliability of supply of raw material＂ are the most important factors.

Radio map updated method based on subscriber locations in indoor WLAN localization

With the rapid development of wireless local area network （WLAN） technology, an important target of indoor positioning systems is to improve the positioning accuracy while reducing the online calibration effort to overcome signal time-varying. A novel fingerprint positioning algorithm, known as the adaptive radio map with updated method based on hidden Markov model （HMM）, is proposed. It is shown that by using a collection of user traces that can be cheaply obtained, the proposed algorithm can take advantage of these data to update the labeled calibration data to further improve the position estimation accuracy. This algorithm is a combination of machine learning, information gain theory and fingerprinting. By collecting data and testing the algorithm in a realistic indoor WLAN environment, the experiment results indicate that, compared with the widely used K nearest neighbor algorithm, the proposed algorithm can improve the positioning accuracy while greatly reduce the calibration effort.

Study of Nozzle and Vent Locations on Die Casting Filling Process

The casting nozzle location plays an important role in die casting. Improper location results in defects, such as cold shut, air cavity, shrinkage, etc. Therefore, it’s sure that the molten metal full fills the mould cavity before it solidifies. And, it’s to be wished that no vortex occur during the filling process, because the vortex is a main source that induces gas entrapment. To get the high quality and performance product, the inlet and outlet locations must be set properly. This paper, an optimal design problem of nozzle and vent locations, which is constrained by nonlinear partial differential equations and boundary and initial conditions, is introduced to describe the location selection on die casting filling process. By numerical simulation, one can compare the filling time, flow pattern and temperature field at different inlet and outlet locations, then choose the most proper locations.

THE PROGNOSIS SIGNIFICANCE OF CATHEPSIN-D EXPRESSIONIN THE DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN AXILLARY NODES NEGATIVE CARCINOMA

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate Cathepsin-D (Cath-D) expression in different location and its relationship with prognosis in the axillary lymph nodes negative (ANN) breast cancer patients. Methods: Cath-D expression in 192 cases of breast carcinoma were examined by immunohistochemistry. Depending on different parts of expression, three evaluating methods were used, compared and analysed. Results: The positive rate of Cath-D expression in ANN breast cancer with poor prognosis group and axillary nodes positive (ANP) group were significantly higher than that in ANN breast cancer with good prognosis group (x 2=23.20,P<0.01), while there was no significant difference between ANP group and ANN with poor prognosis group (x 2=0.19,P>0.05). Cath-D expression in stromal cells had no statistical difference among the three groups (x}2=1.56,P>0.05). When the Cath-D expression in cancer and stromal cells were counted into the positive rate, it was near the same (u 1=0.47,u 2=1.41,P>0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that Cath-D expression is one of the powerful prognostic markers in ANN breast cancer. It’s a reliable, practical, and convenient method to observe and evaluate Cath-D expression in cancer cells.

Grounding Locations Assessment of Practical Power System

Grounding Points (GPs) are installed in electrical power system to drive protective devices and accomplish the person nel safety. The general grounding problem is to find the optimal locations of these points so that the security and reli ability of power system can be improved. This paper presents a practical approach to find the optimal location of GPs based on the ratios of zero sequence reactance with positive sequence reactance (X0/X1), zero sequence resistance with positive sequence reactance (R0/X1) and Ground Fault Factor (GFF). The optimal values of these indicators were deter-mined by considering several scenarios of fault disturbances such as single line to ground on a selected area of the Iraqi National Grid (132 KV) taking into account the statue of GPs for transformers in the other substations. From the presented results in this paper, it is noted that GFF calculated for some substations could be used to measure the effectiveness of GPs. However, the operated time of relay can be taken as a criterion of this measurement for selecting the best location of GPs.