Aim: This dissection study was conducted to verify if the Myofascial kinetic lines, outlined in detail in humans and recently documented in horses, were present in dogs. These dynamic lines present rows of interconnec...Aim: This dissection study was conducted to verify if the Myofascial kinetic lines, outlined in detail in humans and recently documented in horses, were present in dogs. These dynamic lines present rows of interconnected muscles, myofascia and other fascia structures, which influence the biomechanics of the spine and limbs. Methods: Forty-two dogs of different breeds and genders were dissected, imaged, and videoed. Results: Similar kinetic lines were verified in the dog, as described in humans and horses, and additionally, three new branches of the lines were discovered. The kinetic lines described were three superficial lines: Dorsal, Ventral, and Lateral, which all started in the hindlimb and ended in the temporal and occipital regions. These lines act respectively in spinal extension, flexion, and lateral flexion. Three profound lines, which started in the tail and ended in the head. The Deep Dorsal Line followed the transversospinal myofascia. The Deep Ventral Line showed an additional start deep in the medial hind limb, continued in the hypaxial myofascia, and enveloped all the viscera. Also, the Deep Lateral Line started in the hindlimb but parted along the trunk in the deep lateral myofascial structures. Two helical lines crossed the midline two or three times and served to rotate the spine. The Functional Line established a sling from the axilla to the contralateral stifle and presented a new ipsilateral branch. The Spiral Line connected the head and the ipsilateral tarsus and additionally presented a new straight branch. The four front limb lines describe their motion: the Front Limb Protraction and Retraction, Adduction, and Abduction Lines. Conclusion: The canine lines mirrored the equine and human lines with exceptions due to differences in anatomy, foot posture, lumbosacral flexibility, and their biomechanical constitution as predator versus prey animals. Additionally, three new canine branches were verified and described.展开更多
In the 16th and 17th century,Britain was constantly strained by sporadic plagues,famines,fires and political conflicts.As a response in literature,Shakespeare has constructed an annular locomotion paradigm in Fletcher...In the 16th and 17th century,Britain was constantly strained by sporadic plagues,famines,fires and political conflicts.As a response in literature,Shakespeare has constructed an annular locomotion paradigm in Fletcher and his collaboration work Cardenio.Be more specific,the locomotion routes can be exemplified in Möbius strip,a rhizome system,a reciprocating juxtaposition between the foreground and the background,either of which finally runs to an annular schema.The annular in narration corresponds with The Globe theater and the round world.Shakespeare may express his expectation and prospect for the uprising bourgeoise and the newly found world by the resurrection theme in literature.展开更多
To establish a universal and easily controlled gait for practical use of snakelike robot movement, an inchworm locomotion gait model based on a serpenoid curve is presented. By analyzing the relations of two adjacent ...To establish a universal and easily controlled gait for practical use of snakelike robot movement, an inchworm locomotion gait model based on a serpenoid curve is presented. By analyzing the relations of two adjacent waves in the process of locomotion and doing an approximation of the serpenoid curve, the motion function of relative angles between two adjacent links and the absolute angles between each link and the baseline on the traveling curve are built. Two efficiency criterions of the gait are given as the energy loss function f and the unit displacement in one cycle dunit.Three parameters of the criterions affecting the efficiency of the gait （ the number of links that form the traveling wave n, the included angle between two adjacent links α, and the phase difference of adjacent included angles β） are discussed by simulations and experiments. The results show that f is insensitive to n; raising n increases dunit significantly; the maximum wave amplitude of α is a decreasing function of n; and increasing α reduces the displacement influence off when n is determined. The gait model is suitable for different inchworm locomotions of a snakelike robot whose traveling waves are formed by different numbers of identical links. A wave formed by more links or a greater relative angle between two adjacent links both lead to greater velocity of the movement.展开更多
文摘Aim: This dissection study was conducted to verify if the Myofascial kinetic lines, outlined in detail in humans and recently documented in horses, were present in dogs. These dynamic lines present rows of interconnected muscles, myofascia and other fascia structures, which influence the biomechanics of the spine and limbs. Methods: Forty-two dogs of different breeds and genders were dissected, imaged, and videoed. Results: Similar kinetic lines were verified in the dog, as described in humans and horses, and additionally, three new branches of the lines were discovered. The kinetic lines described were three superficial lines: Dorsal, Ventral, and Lateral, which all started in the hindlimb and ended in the temporal and occipital regions. These lines act respectively in spinal extension, flexion, and lateral flexion. Three profound lines, which started in the tail and ended in the head. The Deep Dorsal Line followed the transversospinal myofascia. The Deep Ventral Line showed an additional start deep in the medial hind limb, continued in the hypaxial myofascia, and enveloped all the viscera. Also, the Deep Lateral Line started in the hindlimb but parted along the trunk in the deep lateral myofascial structures. Two helical lines crossed the midline two or three times and served to rotate the spine. The Functional Line established a sling from the axilla to the contralateral stifle and presented a new ipsilateral branch. The Spiral Line connected the head and the ipsilateral tarsus and additionally presented a new straight branch. The four front limb lines describe their motion: the Front Limb Protraction and Retraction, Adduction, and Abduction Lines. Conclusion: The canine lines mirrored the equine and human lines with exceptions due to differences in anatomy, foot posture, lumbosacral flexibility, and their biomechanical constitution as predator versus prey animals. Additionally, three new canine branches were verified and described.
基金Chongqing Social Science Fund Project“The Ethical Topology of Shakespeare’s Histories”(2020WYZX07).
文摘In the 16th and 17th century,Britain was constantly strained by sporadic plagues,famines,fires and political conflicts.As a response in literature,Shakespeare has constructed an annular locomotion paradigm in Fletcher and his collaboration work Cardenio.Be more specific,the locomotion routes can be exemplified in Möbius strip,a rhizome system,a reciprocating juxtaposition between the foreground and the background,either of which finally runs to an annular schema.The annular in narration corresponds with The Globe theater and the round world.Shakespeare may express his expectation and prospect for the uprising bourgeoise and the newly found world by the resurrection theme in literature.
文摘To establish a universal and easily controlled gait for practical use of snakelike robot movement, an inchworm locomotion gait model based on a serpenoid curve is presented. By analyzing the relations of two adjacent waves in the process of locomotion and doing an approximation of the serpenoid curve, the motion function of relative angles between two adjacent links and the absolute angles between each link and the baseline on the traveling curve are built. Two efficiency criterions of the gait are given as the energy loss function f and the unit displacement in one cycle dunit.Three parameters of the criterions affecting the efficiency of the gait （ the number of links that form the traveling wave n, the included angle between two adjacent links α, and the phase difference of adjacent included angles β） are discussed by simulations and experiments. The results show that f is insensitive to n; raising n increases dunit significantly; the maximum wave amplitude of α is a decreasing function of n; and increasing α reduces the displacement influence off when n is determined. The gait model is suitable for different inchworm locomotions of a snakelike robot whose traveling waves are formed by different numbers of identical links. A wave formed by more links or a greater relative angle between two adjacent links both lead to greater velocity of the movement.
