Soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region(TRHR)of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China has a significant impact on local economic development and ecological environment.Vegetation and precipitation are considere...Soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region(TRHR)of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China has a significant impact on local economic development and ecological environment.Vegetation and precipitation are considered to be the main factors for the variation in soil erosion.However,it is a big challenge to analyze the impacts of precipitation and vegetation respectively as well as their combined effects on soil erosion from the pixel scale.To assess the influences of vegetation and precipitation on the variation of soil erosion from 2005 to 2015,we employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)model to evaluate soil erosion in the TRHR,and then developed a method using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model(LMDI)which can exponentially decompose the influencing factors,to calculate the contribution values of the vegetation cover factor(C factor)and the rainfall erosivity factor(R factor)to the variation of soil erosion from the pixel scale.In general,soil erosion in the TRHR was alleviated from 2005 to 2015,of which about 54.95%of the area where soil erosion decreased was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor,and 41.31%was caused by the change in the R factor.There were relatively few areas with increased soil erosion modulus,of which 64.10%of the area where soil erosion increased was caused by the change in the C factor,and 23.88%was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor.Therefore,the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor were regarded as the main driving force for the decrease of soil erosion,while the C factor was the dominant factor for the increase of soil erosion.The area with decreased soil erosion caused by the C factor(12.10×10^3 km^2)was larger than the area with increased soil erosion caused by the C factor(8.30×10^3 km^2),which indicated that vegetation had a positive effect on soil erosion.This study generally put forward a new method for quantitative assessment of the impacts of the influencing factors on soil erosion,and also provided a scientific basis for the regional control of soil erosion.展开更多
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the largest agricultural high-efficiency water-saving arid area in China,was adopted to explore the coupling relationship between agricultural water consumption and economic benefits,w...Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the largest agricultural high-efficiency water-saving arid area in China,was adopted to explore the coupling relationship between agricultural water consumption and economic benefits,which is of great significance to guiding the efficient utilization and sustainable development of agricultural water resources.This study utilizes an indicator,termed the Agricultural Water Footprint Intensity(short as AWFI,which means the amount of water resource consumed per unit of agricultural GDP),to study the economic benefits of agricultural water in Xinjiang from 1991-2018.In addition,the Theil index,a measure of the imbalance between individuals or regions,was used to study the evolution in the spatial differences in water efficiency,and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)method was applied to quantify the factors driving the AWFI.The results showed that AWFI in Xinjiang has experienced three stages:obvious decline,stable and slow decline,which decreased from 16114 m^(3)/10^(4) CNY to 2100 m^(3)/10^(4) CNY,decreasing by 86.97%.The Theil index indicated that the spatial evolution of 14 prefectures(cities)resembled an inverted N-shaped Kuznets curve over time.Among the influencing factors,the contributions of water-saving technology and planting structure to the change in the AWFI in Xinjiang,China from 1991 to 2018 were 154.03%and−37.98%,respectively.The total contribution to AWFI of the total population,urbanization rate,and production scale was−16.06%.This study concluded that further improvements in the economic benefits of agricultural water consumption can be obtained by continuing to promote more efficient or“water-conservation”irrigation technologies(engineering aspects),adjusting the planting structure(policy guidance aspects),and intensive management of cultivated land(management aspects).展开更多
China must urgently accelerate its decrease of energy use,optimize its energy structure,reduce CO2 emissions,and promote the early realization of an ecological civilization.Simultaneously,meeting the growing consumer ...China must urgently accelerate its decrease of energy use,optimize its energy structure,reduce CO2 emissions,and promote the early realization of an ecological civilization.Simultaneously,meeting the growing consumer demand is one of the reasons for the increase in energy use.This study investigates the impacts of household consumption on energy use and CO2 emissions from the perspective of the lifestyle of Chinese residents.On the basis of the input–output model of 30 provinces,we analyze the current situation of energy use and CO2 emissions in different regions(spatial scale)with economic development and income improvement(time scale),investigate the pulling effect of household consumption in different provinces on industrial sectors,examine the influencing factors of indirect CO2 emissions from food,clothing,housing,and transportation in key regions,and explore the policy implications of the transition to a low-carbon lifestyle in different provinces.Results show that the fuel structure of Chinese residents should be optimized further.Total household energy consumption and total CO2 emissions considerably increased.In 2012,total household energy consumption accounted for nearly 30%of total energy consumption,while indirect CO2 emissions accounted for 66.3%of total household emissions.With regard to the structures of indirect household energy consumption,the housing sector accounted for the largest proportion,reaching 23.4%in indirect energy consumption in 2012.The pulling effect of the housing sector on industrial sectors was also evident.The decomposition analysis showed that the rapid increase in indirect household CO2 emissions was primarily due to the increase in per capita living expenditure.The consumption structures in different provinces produced various impacts,and the energy intensity effect was identified as an important factor for reducing indirect household CO2 emissions.展开更多
The potential for mitigating climate change is growing worldwide,with an increasing emphasis on reducing CO_(2)emissions and minimising the impact on the environment.African continent is faced with the unique challeng...The potential for mitigating climate change is growing worldwide,with an increasing emphasis on reducing CO_(2)emissions and minimising the impact on the environment.African continent is faced with the unique challenge of climate change whilst coping with extreme poverty,explosive population growth and economic difficulties.CO_(2)emission patterns in Africa are analysed in this study to understand primary CO_(2)sources and underlying driving forces further.Data are examined using gravity model,logarithmic mean divisia index and Tapio's decoupling indicator of CO_(2)emissions from economic development in 20 selected African countries during 1984-2014.Results reveal that CO_(2)emissions increased by 2.11%(453.73 million ton)over the research period.Gravity centre for African CO_(2)emissions had shifted towards the northeast direction.Population and economic growth were primary driving forces of CO_(2)emissions.Industrial structure and emission efficiency effects partially offset the growth of CO_(2)emissions.The economic growth effect was an offset factor in central African countries and Zimbabwe due to political instability and economic mismanagement.Industrial structure and emission efficiency were insufficient to decouple economic development from CO_(2)emissions and relieve the pressure of population explosion on CO_(2)emissions in Africa.Thus,future efforts in reducing CO_(2)emissions should focus on scaleup energy-efficient technologies,renewable energy update,emission pricing and long-term green development towards sustainable development goals by 2030.展开更多
Guangdong Province,as one of China’s fast-developing regions,an important manufacturing base,and one of the national first round low-carbon pilots,still faces many challenges in controlling its total energy consumpti...Guangdong Province,as one of China’s fast-developing regions,an important manufacturing base,and one of the national first round low-carbon pilots,still faces many challenges in controlling its total energy consumption.Coal dominates Guangdong’s energy consumption and remains the major source of CO_(2).Previous research on factors influencing energy consumption has lacked a systematic analysis both from supply side(factors related to scale,structure,and technologies)and demand side(investment,consumption,and trade).This paper develops the logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)method that focuses on the supply side and the structural decomposition analysis(SDA)method that focuses on the demand side to systematically identify the key factors driving coal consumption in Guangdong.Results are as follows:(1)Supply side analysis indicates that economic growth has always been the most important factor driving coal consumption growth,while energy intensity is the most important constraining factor.Industrial structure and energy structure have different impacts on coal consumption control during different development phases.(2)Demand side analysis indicates that coal is consumed mainly for international exports,inter-provincial exports,fixed capital formation,and urban household.(3)Industries with the fastest coal consumption growth driven by final demand have experienced significant shifts.Increments in industrial sectors were mainly driven by inter-provincial exports and urban household consumption in recent years.(4)Research on energy consumption in subnational regions under China’s new development pattern of“dual circulation”should not only focus on exports in the context of economic globalization but also pay more attention to inter-provincial exports on the background of strengthened interregional connections.展开更多
Low-carbon energy technology(LC)innovation contributes to both environmental protection and economic development.Using the panel data of 30 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China from 1998 to 2017,this p...Low-carbon energy technology(LC)innovation contributes to both environmental protection and economic development.Using the panel data of 30 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China from 1998 to 2017,this paper constructs a two-layer logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)model to uncover the factors influencing the variation of the innovation of LC in China’s industrial sectors,including the alternative energy production technology(AEPT)and the energy conversation technology(ECT).The results show that China’s industrial LC patent applications rapidly increased after 2005 and AEPT patent applications outweighed ECT patent applications all the time with a gradually narrowing gap.Low-carbon degree played the dominant role in promoting the increase in China’s industrial LC patent applications,followed by the economic scale,R&D(research and development)efficiency,and R&D share.Economic structure contributed to the increases in LC patent applications in the central and the western regions,while led to the decreases in the eastern region,the north-eastern region,and Chinese mainland.Low-carbon degree and economic scale were two main contributors to the growths of both industrial AEPT patent applications and ECT patent applications in Chinese mainland and the four regions.Several policy recommendations are made to further promote industrial innovation in China.展开更多
China is the largest producer and consumer of vegetables,its vegetable industry is playing an important role in the domestic agricultural sector and global vegetable export market.It is important to promote the long-t...China is the largest producer and consumer of vegetables,its vegetable industry is playing an important role in the domestic agricultural sector and global vegetable export market.It is important to promote the long-term sustainable development of Chinese vegetable industry for food security and quality of people’s lives.To find out the intrinsic way to promote the development of Chinese vegetable industry,this paper analyzed the influencing factors of Chinese vegetable production by utilizing the LMDI method and demonstrated the spatial-temporal characteristics of vegetable production through application of the Arc-GIS spatial autocorrelation analysis method.The results showed that the influencing factors of vegetable production were the cultivated land area,multiple cropping index,vegetable planting proportion and vegetable yield per hectare in China.The major driving factor had changed from vegetable planting proportion to vegetable yield per hectare.The influencing degrees of factors on vegetable production are different in different regions,regionalization is therefore a major feature of Chinese vegetable production.The government should take production technology,regionalization-driven effect,and marketing integration into consideration to promote the development of Chinese vegetable industry.展开更多
The development of the climate-change-mitigation technology has received widespread attention from both academic and policy studies.Nevertheless,very few studies have explained how and why economies contribute differe...The development of the climate-change-mitigation technology has received widespread attention from both academic and policy studies.Nevertheless,very few studies have explained how and why economies contribute differently to global development.This paper decomposed the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology,proxied by patent-based indicators,from 1996 to 2015 into several predefined factors.The results show that the worldwide surge of climate-change-mitigation-technology patents from 1996 to 2011 is driven by increased concentration on green invention,improved research intensity,and enlarged economic scale,while the falling of patent counts from 2011 to 2015 is predominantly due to less concentration on green invention.Among different climate-change-mitigation technologies,the type-specific development is attributed to different dominant factors,and the resulting priority change can reflect the shift of both global research and development(R&D)resource and market demand.Regarding regional contributions,the resulting economy-specific contributions to each driving factor can be used to design the policies to promote the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology.展开更多
文摘Soil erosion in the Three-River Headwaters Region(TRHR)of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China has a significant impact on local economic development and ecological environment.Vegetation and precipitation are considered to be the main factors for the variation in soil erosion.However,it is a big challenge to analyze the impacts of precipitation and vegetation respectively as well as their combined effects on soil erosion from the pixel scale.To assess the influences of vegetation and precipitation on the variation of soil erosion from 2005 to 2015,we employed the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)model to evaluate soil erosion in the TRHR,and then developed a method using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index model(LMDI)which can exponentially decompose the influencing factors,to calculate the contribution values of the vegetation cover factor(C factor)and the rainfall erosivity factor(R factor)to the variation of soil erosion from the pixel scale.In general,soil erosion in the TRHR was alleviated from 2005 to 2015,of which about 54.95%of the area where soil erosion decreased was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor,and 41.31%was caused by the change in the R factor.There were relatively few areas with increased soil erosion modulus,of which 64.10%of the area where soil erosion increased was caused by the change in the C factor,and 23.88%was caused by the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor.Therefore,the combined effects of the C factor and the R factor were regarded as the main driving force for the decrease of soil erosion,while the C factor was the dominant factor for the increase of soil erosion.The area with decreased soil erosion caused by the C factor(12.10×10^3 km^2)was larger than the area with increased soil erosion caused by the C factor(8.30×10^3 km^2),which indicated that vegetation had a positive effect on soil erosion.This study generally put forward a new method for quantitative assessment of the impacts of the influencing factors on soil erosion,and also provided a scientific basis for the regional control of soil erosion.
基金This work was financially supported by the Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition(Grant No.2022xjkk0103,2021xjkk0406)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52179028)+1 种基金the Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.XSKJ2019081-02)the Xinjiang Water Conservancy Science and technology project(Grant No.XSKJ-2021-01).
文摘Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the largest agricultural high-efficiency water-saving arid area in China,was adopted to explore the coupling relationship between agricultural water consumption and economic benefits,which is of great significance to guiding the efficient utilization and sustainable development of agricultural water resources.This study utilizes an indicator,termed the Agricultural Water Footprint Intensity(short as AWFI,which means the amount of water resource consumed per unit of agricultural GDP),to study the economic benefits of agricultural water in Xinjiang from 1991-2018.In addition,the Theil index,a measure of the imbalance between individuals or regions,was used to study the evolution in the spatial differences in water efficiency,and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index(LMDI)method was applied to quantify the factors driving the AWFI.The results showed that AWFI in Xinjiang has experienced three stages:obvious decline,stable and slow decline,which decreased from 16114 m^(3)/10^(4) CNY to 2100 m^(3)/10^(4) CNY,decreasing by 86.97%.The Theil index indicated that the spatial evolution of 14 prefectures(cities)resembled an inverted N-shaped Kuznets curve over time.Among the influencing factors,the contributions of water-saving technology and planting structure to the change in the AWFI in Xinjiang,China from 1991 to 2018 were 154.03%and−37.98%,respectively.The total contribution to AWFI of the total population,urbanization rate,and production scale was−16.06%.This study concluded that further improvements in the economic benefits of agricultural water consumption can be obtained by continuing to promote more efficient or“water-conservation”irrigation technologies(engineering aspects),adjusting the planting structure(policy guidance aspects),and intensive management of cultivated land(management aspects).
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71573145)National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05040-001).
文摘China must urgently accelerate its decrease of energy use,optimize its energy structure,reduce CO2 emissions,and promote the early realization of an ecological civilization.Simultaneously,meeting the growing consumer demand is one of the reasons for the increase in energy use.This study investigates the impacts of household consumption on energy use and CO2 emissions from the perspective of the lifestyle of Chinese residents.On the basis of the input–output model of 30 provinces,we analyze the current situation of energy use and CO2 emissions in different regions(spatial scale)with economic development and income improvement(time scale),investigate the pulling effect of household consumption in different provinces on industrial sectors,examine the influencing factors of indirect CO2 emissions from food,clothing,housing,and transportation in key regions,and explore the policy implications of the transition to a low-carbon lifestyle in different provinces.Results show that the fuel structure of Chinese residents should be optimized further.Total household energy consumption and total CO2 emissions considerably increased.In 2012,total household energy consumption accounted for nearly 30%of total energy consumption,while indirect CO2 emissions accounted for 66.3%of total household emissions.With regard to the structures of indirect household energy consumption,the housing sector accounted for the largest proportion,reaching 23.4%in indirect energy consumption in 2012.The pulling effect of the housing sector on industrial sectors was also evident.The decomposition analysis showed that the rapid increase in indirect household CO2 emissions was primarily due to the increase in per capita living expenditure.The consumption structures in different provinces produced various impacts,and the energy intensity effect was identified as an important factor for reducing indirect household CO2 emissions.
基金supported by the National Water Pollution Control and Treatment Science and Technology Major Project(No.2017ZX07101001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41690142 and 41371535)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.SWU019047)。
文摘The potential for mitigating climate change is growing worldwide,with an increasing emphasis on reducing CO_(2)emissions and minimising the impact on the environment.African continent is faced with the unique challenge of climate change whilst coping with extreme poverty,explosive population growth and economic difficulties.CO_(2)emission patterns in Africa are analysed in this study to understand primary CO_(2)sources and underlying driving forces further.Data are examined using gravity model,logarithmic mean divisia index and Tapio's decoupling indicator of CO_(2)emissions from economic development in 20 selected African countries during 1984-2014.Results reveal that CO_(2)emissions increased by 2.11%(453.73 million ton)over the research period.Gravity centre for African CO_(2)emissions had shifted towards the northeast direction.Population and economic growth were primary driving forces of CO_(2)emissions.Industrial structure and emission efficiency effects partially offset the growth of CO_(2)emissions.The economic growth effect was an offset factor in central African countries and Zimbabwe due to political instability and economic mismanagement.Industrial structure and emission efficiency were insufficient to decouple economic development from CO_(2)emissions and relieve the pressure of population explosion on CO_(2)emissions in Africa.Thus,future efforts in reducing CO_(2)emissions should focus on scaleup energy-efficient technologies,renewable energy update,emission pricing and long-term green development towards sustainable development goals by 2030.
基金National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFB2103101)Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)(GML2019ZD0301)+2 种基金GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2020GDASYL-20200102002)GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2020GDASYL-20200301003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501144)。
文摘Guangdong Province,as one of China’s fast-developing regions,an important manufacturing base,and one of the national first round low-carbon pilots,still faces many challenges in controlling its total energy consumption.Coal dominates Guangdong’s energy consumption and remains the major source of CO_(2).Previous research on factors influencing energy consumption has lacked a systematic analysis both from supply side(factors related to scale,structure,and technologies)and demand side(investment,consumption,and trade).This paper develops the logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)method that focuses on the supply side and the structural decomposition analysis(SDA)method that focuses on the demand side to systematically identify the key factors driving coal consumption in Guangdong.Results are as follows:(1)Supply side analysis indicates that economic growth has always been the most important factor driving coal consumption growth,while energy intensity is the most important constraining factor.Industrial structure and energy structure have different impacts on coal consumption control during different development phases.(2)Demand side analysis indicates that coal is consumed mainly for international exports,inter-provincial exports,fixed capital formation,and urban household.(3)Industries with the fastest coal consumption growth driven by final demand have experienced significant shifts.Increments in industrial sectors were mainly driven by inter-provincial exports and urban household consumption in recent years.(4)Research on energy consumption in subnational regions under China’s new development pattern of“dual circulation”should not only focus on exports in the context of economic globalization but also pay more attention to inter-provincial exports on the background of strengthened interregional connections.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71810107001,72088101 and 71690241).
文摘Low-carbon energy technology(LC)innovation contributes to both environmental protection and economic development.Using the panel data of 30 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China from 1998 to 2017,this paper constructs a two-layer logarithmic mean Divisia index(LMDI)model to uncover the factors influencing the variation of the innovation of LC in China’s industrial sectors,including the alternative energy production technology(AEPT)and the energy conversation technology(ECT).The results show that China’s industrial LC patent applications rapidly increased after 2005 and AEPT patent applications outweighed ECT patent applications all the time with a gradually narrowing gap.Low-carbon degree played the dominant role in promoting the increase in China’s industrial LC patent applications,followed by the economic scale,R&D(research and development)efficiency,and R&D share.Economic structure contributed to the increases in LC patent applications in the central and the western regions,while led to the decreases in the eastern region,the north-eastern region,and Chinese mainland.Low-carbon degree and economic scale were two main contributors to the growths of both industrial AEPT patent applications and ECT patent applications in Chinese mainland and the four regions.Several policy recommendations are made to further promote industrial innovation in China.
基金the financial support from Beijing Social Science Foundation(16YJA007)the earmarked fund for Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System(BAIC07-2013).
文摘China is the largest producer and consumer of vegetables,its vegetable industry is playing an important role in the domestic agricultural sector and global vegetable export market.It is important to promote the long-term sustainable development of Chinese vegetable industry for food security and quality of people’s lives.To find out the intrinsic way to promote the development of Chinese vegetable industry,this paper analyzed the influencing factors of Chinese vegetable production by utilizing the LMDI method and demonstrated the spatial-temporal characteristics of vegetable production through application of the Arc-GIS spatial autocorrelation analysis method.The results showed that the influencing factors of vegetable production were the cultivated land area,multiple cropping index,vegetable planting proportion and vegetable yield per hectare in China.The major driving factor had changed from vegetable planting proportion to vegetable yield per hectare.The influencing degrees of factors on vegetable production are different in different regions,regionalization is therefore a major feature of Chinese vegetable production.The government should take production technology,regionalization-driven effect,and marketing integration into consideration to promote the development of Chinese vegetable industry.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72003145,72074184,and 71603148)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2020M683437)the Humanities and Social Science Research Project of the Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.18YJC790194).
文摘The development of the climate-change-mitigation technology has received widespread attention from both academic and policy studies.Nevertheless,very few studies have explained how and why economies contribute differently to global development.This paper decomposed the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology,proxied by patent-based indicators,from 1996 to 2015 into several predefined factors.The results show that the worldwide surge of climate-change-mitigation-technology patents from 1996 to 2011 is driven by increased concentration on green invention,improved research intensity,and enlarged economic scale,while the falling of patent counts from 2011 to 2015 is predominantly due to less concentration on green invention.Among different climate-change-mitigation technologies,the type-specific development is attributed to different dominant factors,and the resulting priority change can reflect the shift of both global research and development(R&D)resource and market demand.Regarding regional contributions,the resulting economy-specific contributions to each driving factor can be used to design the policies to promote the development of the global climate-change-mitigation technology.