Long-term outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection for undifferentiated type early gastric cancer over 2 cm with R0 resection

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for over 2 cm in size undifferentiated type(UD type)early gastric cancer(EGC)confined to the mucosa is not only challenging,but also long-term outcomes are not well known.AIM To evaluate the long-term outcomes of ESD done for UD type EGCs confined to the mucosa over 2 cm in size and compare the results with those where the lesions were less than 2 cm.METHODS 143 patients with UD type EGC confirmed on histology after ESD at a tertiary hospital were reviewed.Cases with synchronous and metachronous lesions and a case with emergency surgery after ESD were excluded.A total of 137 cases were enrolled.79 cases who underwent R0 resection were divided into 2 cm or less(group A)and over 2 cm(group B)in size.RESULTS Among 79 patients who underwent R0 resection,the number in group A and B were 51 and 28,respectively.The mean follow-up period(SD)was 79.71±45.42 months.There was a local recurrence in group A(1/51,2%)and group B(1/28,3.6%)respectively.This patient in group A underwent surgery while the patient in group B underwent repeated ESD with no further recurrences in both patients.There was no regional lymph node metastasis,distant metastasis,and deaths in both groups.With R0 resection strategy for ESD on lesions over 2 cm,20.4%(28/137)of patients were able to avoid surgery compared with expanded indication.CONCLUSION If R0 resection is achieved by ESD,UD type EGCs over 2 cm also showed good and similar clinical outcomes as compared to lesions less than 2 cm when followed for over 5 years.With R0 resection strategy,several patients can avoid surgery.

Long term clinical outcomes in patients with moderate renal insufficiency undergoing stent based percutaneous coronary intervention

Background Patients with end-stage renal disease have a high mortality from coronary artery disease, but the impact of moderate renal insufficiency on clinical outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） and the effect of drug-eluting stent implantation in these patients remain unclear. This study determined the long-term effect of moderate renal insufficiency on death and major adverse cardiac events （MACE） after stent based PCI and examined whether drug-eluting stent implantation could favourably influence clinical outcome. Methods Major adverse cardiac events and causes of mortality were determined for 1012 patients undergoing percutaneous intervention from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2004 at Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. Based on estimated creatinine clearance levels, long term outcomes were compared between patients with estimated creatinine clearance 〈60 ml/min （renal insufficiency group; n=410） and those with estimated creatinine clearance ≥60 ml/min （control group; n=602）. Subgroup analysis was also made for patients with renal insufficiency between drug eluting stent （n=264） and bare metal stent implantation （n=146） during PCI. Results During follow-up （average 17 months） after successful PCI, all causes of death （7.1% vs 2.3%, P〈0.01） and cardiac death （3.4% vs 1.0%, all P〈0.01） were significantly higher in renal insufficiency group than in control group. For patients with moderate renal insufficiency, drug-eluting stent implantation reduced significantly all causes of death （5.3% vs 10.9%, P〈0.05） and occurrence of major cardiac adverse events （15.1% vs 24.6%, P〈0.05） compared with bare metal stents. Conclusions Moderate renal insufficiency is an important clinical factor influencing the mortality after PCI in patients with coronary artery disease and the use of drug-eluting stents should be the preferred therapy for the improvement of long-term outcomes in such patients.

XEN® Gel Implant for Glaucoma;Prospective Cohort Study in a High-Volume Department

Purpose: To evaluate the 3-year efficiency and safety of XEN® 45 gel stent implantation in a heterogenous group of open angle glaucoma patients. Methods: In this prospective, non-randomized observational study we identified patients who had undergone either stand-alone XEN® implantation (XEN solo) or XEN® implantation in combination with phacoemulsification (XEN combi). All patients who had undergone an implantation during the period 01.04.17-31.10.19 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Drammen Hospital, Norway, were asked to participate. Success was defined as IOP between 5 - 18 mmHg and 20% pressure reduction without medications. Qualified success required the same pressure interval and reduction but allowed medications. The procedure was deemed as failure if pressure requirements were not met, vision was reduced to light perception or worse, or if there was a converion to secondary glaucoma surgery. Results: Out of 115 patients and 133 eyes identified, 87 patients and 99 eyes consented to participate. All patients were Caucasians with a mean age of 73.6 years. The study had a mean (range) follow-up of 38.9 (28 - 54) months. The mean medicated baseline (SD) was reduced from 22.6 (7.9) mmHg on 3.2 (1.1) medications to 14.2 (5.6) mmHg on 1.4 (1.6) medications. Success and qualified success were achieved in 22.2% and 21.2%, respectively. Needling was performed in 34 eyes. Conclusion: XEN® 45 gel stent implantation is a safe procedure, offering a significantly lower IOP and number of medications in a subset of patients with open angle glaucoma.

Kidney transplant from donors with hepatitis B: A challenging treatment option

Utilizing kidneys from donors with hepatitis B is one way to alleviate the current organ shortage situation.However,the risk of hepatitis B virus(HBV)transmission remains a challenge that undermines the chance of organs being used.This is particularly true with hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)positive donors despite the comparable long-term outcomes when compared with standard donors.To reduce the risk of HBV transmission,a comprehensive approach is needed.This includes assessment of donor risk,optimal allocation to the proper recipient,appropriate immunosuppressive regimen,optimizing the prophylactic therapy,and post-transplant monitoring.This review provides an overview of current evidence of kidney transplants from donors with HBsAg positivity and outlines the challenge of this treatment.The topics include donor risk assessment by adopting the nucleic acid test coupled with HBV DNA as the HBV screening,optimal recipient selection,importance of hepatitis B immunity,role of nucleos(t)ide analogues,and hepatitis B immunoglobulin.A summary of reported long-term outcomes after kidney transplantation and proposed criteria to utilize kidneys from this group of donors was also defined and discussed.