New Acquisition Algorithm for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Signals

Aiming at improving acquisition performance for direct sequence spread spectrum （DSSS） signals, a new acquisition algorithm based on fast Fourier transform （FFT） is proposed. The code phases are parallel searched throughout the Doppler frequency domain. Since the influence of Doppler frequency errors on peak-to- average ratios of correlation power shows a pattern similar to the sinc function, it is our belief that by judging on peak-to-average ratios for different Doppler frequency errors false alarm probabilities should be lowered. Analyses have supported the underlying principle of this new algorithm. Simulation results have also indicated that the new algorithm can effectively improve the acquisition performance for DSSS signals.

Fast method for spreading sequence estimation of DSSS signal based on maximum likelihood function

To estimate the spreading sequence of the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal, a fast algorithm based on maximum likelihood function is proposed, and the theoretical derivation of the algorithm is provided. By simplifying the objective function of maximum likelihood estimation, the algorithm can realize sequence synchronization and sequence estimation via adaptive iteration and sliding window. Since it avoids the correlation matrix computation, the algorithm significantly reduces the storage requirement and the computation complexity. Simulations show that it is a fast convergent algorithm, and can perform well in low signal to noise ratio (SNR).

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Security Improvement with Encrypted Spreading Codes in a Partial Band Noise Jamming Environment

Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) system is often deployed to protect wireless communication from jamming or to preclude undesired reception of the signal. Such themes can only be achieved if the jammer or undesired receiver does not have the knowledge of the spreading code. For this reason, unencrypted M-sequences are a deficient choice for the spreading code when a high level of security is required. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze vulnerability of linear feedback shift register (LFSRs) codes. Then, a new method based on encryption algorithm applied over spreading codes, named hidden frequency hopping is proposed to improve the security of FHSS. The proposed encryption security algorithm is highly reliable, and can be applied to all existing data communication systems based on spread spectrum techniques. Since the multi-user detection is an inherent characteristic for FHSS, the multi-user interference must be studied carefully. Hence, a new method called optimum pair “key-input” selection is proposed which reduces interference below the desired constant threshold.

An underwater acoustic direct sequence spread spectrum communication system using dual spread spectrum code

With the goal of achieving high stability and reliability to support underwater point-to-point communications and code division multiple access(CDMA) based underwater networks, a direct sequence spread spectrum based underwater acoustic communication system using dual spread spectrum code is proposed. To solve the contradictions between the information data rate and the accuracy of Doppler estimation, channel estimation, and frame synchronization, a data frame structure based on dual spread spectrum code is designed. A long spread spectrum code is used as the training sequence, which can be used for data frame detection and synchronization, Doppler estimation, and channel estimation. A short spread spectrum code is used to modulate the effective information data. A delay cross-correlation algorithm is used for Doppler estimation, and a correlation algorithm is used for channel estimation. For underwater networking, each user is assigned a different pair of spread spectrum codes. Simulation results show that the system has a good anti-multipath, anti-interference, and anti-Doppler performance, the bit error rate can be smaller than 10^(-6) when the signal-to-noise ratio is larger than-10 dB, the data rate can be as high as 355 bits/s, and the system can be used in the downlink of CDMA based networks.

Code-aided Interference Suppression in Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Systems with Eigenvector Sign Spreading Code

For direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication systems suffering interference, it is known that code-aided interference suppression technique outperforms all of the previous linear or nonlinear methods. In this paper, we proposed an improved code-aided technique which can improve the system performance greatly by using the eigenvector sign (EVS) spreading sequence which depends on the statistical characteristics of the interference and the thermal noise.

基于可逆元胞自动机加密的扩展码索引调制方案

针对直接序列扩频系统伪随机(Pseudo Noise,PN)码资源有限且码索引调制系统误码率性能下降的问题,提出了一种基于可逆的初等元胞自动机加密的扩展码索引调制方案。首先,针对PN码资源有限的问题,提出使用混沌规则的初等元胞自动机对PN码进行迭代的方案,从而实现扩展PN码的目的;其次,针对码索引调制误码率性能下降的问题,提出了一种可逆元胞自动机加密的码索引调制方案,在发射端,把信息比特切割成调制比特和映射比特,并分别映射为调制符号和扩频码索引,使用对应索引的扩频码对同相分量进行扩频,同时使用可逆元胞自动机对映射比特进行加密,加密后的映射比特为调制符号的正交分量选取对应索引的扩频码进行扩频。仿真与分析结果表明,在相同频谱效率条件下,在加性高斯白噪声信道中,当误码率为10-5时,扩展码索引调制方案的误码率性能优于码索引调制和广义码索引调制方案约2~4 dB,优于非正交码移键控码索引调制方案约0.5 dB。

基于四阶累积量的DSSS/QPSK信号检测方法研究

根据高斯白噪声的四阶累积量恒为零这一特性,研究了DSSS/QPSK信号的四阶累积量,提出了基于四阶累积量不同切片c4x(0,0,0)、c4x(τ,τ,τ)、c4x(0,τ,τ)和c4x(0,0,τ)的时域和频域检测方法.仿真结果表明,频域检测方法性能优于时域检测方法;综合考虑检测性能和实现难度,基于c4x(0,0,τ)的频域检测方法最好,在虚警概率为1%,信噪比为-11dB时,检测概率仍可达到50%以上.没有引入大规模的矩阵运算,运算量小,易于实现.

利用拟合优度检验的NPLSC-DSSS信号伪码盲估计

针对非周期短码扩频长码加扰直扩(NPLSC-DSSS)信号的伪码估计问题,该文首先给出了m序列三阶相关函数(TCF)共同峰理论和NPLSC-DSSS信号TCF估计量的概率函数。其次,利用TCF峰的共轭系特性构建了TCF峰值序列,提出了TCF共同峰检测的二元假设模型和利用拟合优度检验的TCF共同峰精检测算法。同时,为提高伪码估计性能,该文利用正反向TCF三阶相关峰性质和共轭系TCF峰值点累加和递增性质排除大量伪峰。最后通过矩阵斜消法实现长短伪码的盲估计。仿真结果表明,该文方法在低信噪比条件下能够有效估计NPLSC-DSSS信号的伪随机码。

非周期性DSSS信号的PN码序列盲估计

非周期性DSSS信号由于在扩频码周期内扩频序列的不可重复性而使其PN码序列盲估计方法和针对常规周期性DSSS信号的估计方法有所不同。文中在已知扩频码周期、码速率和信息码速率等参数,且信息序列使不相关的前提下,提出了最大相关峰脉宽盲同步算法、分段矩阵特征分解序列估计方法和基于最优移位相加特性的信息码剥离算法来完成对非周期性DSSS信号的盲同步和PN码序列盲估计,理论分析和仿真结果表明上述方法具有运算量小、适用范围广、低信噪比条件下鲁棒的优点。

DSSS卫星通信中窄带干扰的盲检测与消除研究

建立了干扰条件下的接收信号模型,提出了干扰抑制方案。利用信号谱包络的相似性,给出了基于滑动窗最小二乘的干扰盲检测方法,进而根据对消的思想消除窄带干扰。仿真结果表明该方法能有效抑制DSSS卫星通信中常见的窄带干扰。

时移短时相关法在DSSS码捕获系统中的应用

该文提出了将时移短时相关法应用于直接序列扩频(Direct Sequence Spectrum Spreading,DSSS)码捕获系统中。首先分析了码频频偏对捕获性能的影响,在折中考虑算法复杂度及捕获性能的基础上,提出了应用时移短时相关法进行码频频偏补偿,给出了捕获系统的实现方案;分析并比较了应用时移短时相关法前后捕获系统的检测概率,结果表明,应用时移短时相关法可大大提高捕获系统的检测概率。该文对高动态低信噪比条件下进行码捕获有重要的意义。

LSC-DSSS信号长短伪码盲估计

短码扩频长码加扰的直扩信号可视为特殊的长码直扩信号,将其短扩频码和长扰码作为复合码。首先通过特征值分解和酉矩阵去位置模糊实现复合码的盲估计;然后利用m序列的三阶相关函数特性识别短扩频码的类型;最后根据识别结果采用三阶相关法或延迟三阶相关法实现长短伪码的盲估计。仿真表明,复合码估计在信噪比-7.5 d B以上可达到1%以下的误码率;当信噪比高于-6 d B时,三阶相关法估计长短伪码本原多项式的正确率可以达到90%以上;当信噪比高于-4 d B时,延迟三阶相关法估计长短伪码序列的误码率低于1%。

DSSS卫星通信中基于小波包变换的干扰抑制方法

卫星通信中利用直接序列扩频技术具有一定的抗干扰能力,但由于扩频增益无法做到无限大,当强干扰超过系统的干扰容限时,系统传输性能将会大幅降低。通过变换域信号处理技术对直接序列扩频中的干扰进行检测与抑制,能够增强其抗干扰能力。小波包变换具有优异的时频域局部分析能力,非常适合用于直接序列扩频系统中干扰检测与抑制。分别对规则小波包分解和最佳小波包分解进行了研究,提出了一种基于最佳小波包分解的干扰抑制新方法,通过将子带功率比与最小功率阈值相结合,实现对干扰进行定位和抑制。仿真结果表明,所提出的算法与基于规则小波包分解的干扰抑制和传统的快速傅里叶变换算法干扰抑制相比较,性能得到显著改善,且在计算复杂度上上升极少,是提高直接序列扩频信号抗干扰能力的更有效的选择。

基于Radon-STFT的DSSS系统线性调频干扰抑制

提出了一种基于R adon-短时傅里叶变换(R adon-STFT)的直接序列扩频(DSSS)系统线性调频干扰的抑制方法.该方法只需估计得到线性调频干扰信号的初始频率和调频率即可进行有效的干扰抑制,使干扰抑制过程的复杂程度大为降低.性能分析和仿真实验表明,该方法可以在较大的动态范围内有效地抑制线性调频干扰.与基于STFT的抑制算法相比,其参数估计精度提高;与基于WHT的抑制算法相比,该方法在多分量条件下效果更为突出.

基于延迟相乘和能量累积的DSSS信号参数估计算法

针对直接序列扩频(direct sequence spread spectrum,DSSS)信号截获和参数盲估计问题,提出了一种采用延迟相乘和能量累积实现DSSS信号参数估计的新方法。该算法采用延迟相乘估计伪随机码(pseudonoise,PN)周期,将延迟相乘序列分成连续的片断,通过累积能量最大值搜索估计信息码周期,实现了PN码序列和信息序列的估计。理论分析和仿真结果表明,在加性高斯白噪声条件下,对扩频增益为GpdB的DSSS信号,在信噪比高于-Gp/2 dB的条件下,该算法能够实现稳定的参数提取。该算法不需要预先设定门限和参数,适合采用硬件设计实现。

DSSS系统中基于Chirp-Fourier变换的扫频干扰抑制算法

提出一种直接序列扩频(DSSS)系统中基于Chirp-Fourier变换的扫频干扰(LFM)抑制算法,Chirp-Fourier变换可以有效地估计出加入噪声的LFM的初始频率和扫频率,从而可以设计出自适应的干扰抑制接收机。仿真分析表明,该方法可获得较好的误码率性能,和其它基于二维时频分析工具的滤波算法相比,不仅干扰抑制的效果好,而且可利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)实现,提高了处理速度。

DFT/LMS算法在DSSS中的应用及性能分析

本文分析了直接序列扩频(DSSS)系统中最小错误概率(MPE)意义下的最优滤波器,并依据矩阵求逆引理证明最小均方误差(MMSE)意义下的最优滤波——维纳滤波也是MPE意义下的最优滤波。在DSSS中应用自适应滤波,无须先验已知扩频码的码型和干扰的统计特性,就能一并完成解扩以及有效抑制干扰。离散傅立叶变换/最小均方(DFT/LMS)算法的收敛速度远快于LMS算法,而运算量、稳健性与LMS算法基本相同。基于DFT/LMS算法的自适应滤波大大简化DSSS系统接收机的设计,显著增强系统抗干扰能力,具有很强的实用性。

NBJ抑制的QC-LDPC协同混沌DSSS方案

为改善低信噪比窄带干扰条件下的信息传输性能,在现阶段宽带数据链的基础上,提出了一种结合QC-LDPC和混沌DSSS的协同窄带干扰抑制方案。该方案在提出单位阵取反变换的直积构造方法来生成校验矩阵的基础上,采用Moore-Penrose逆——满秩分解方法完成了QC-LDPC的编码;针对直序扩频系统,在分析了改进型Logistic映射序列性能的基础上,使用混沌扩频序列提高抗干扰能力。仿真验证了该方案的有效性,结果表明:在JSR为20dB时,与现阶段传输标准相比,该方案可以获得8.2dB的信噪比增益。

基于数字混沌序列的DSSS通信系统仿真

为了将数字混沌序列直接应用到现有的数字通信系统中,分析了混沌序列的伪噪声特性,介绍实值混沌序列的量化方法,仿真数字混沌序列的性能,最后对基于数字混沌序列的DSSS通信系统进行了仿真。结果表明,数字混沌序列具有良好的自相关和互相关特性,将其应用到DSSS通信系统中可以解决当前存在的系统间相互干扰及多址干扰等问题。