Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide. HCC is the fifth common malignancy in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death in Asia. Long non-coding RNAs(lncR...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide. HCC is the fifth common malignancy in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death in Asia. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are RNAs with a length greater than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. lncRNAs can regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in several ways by interacting with DNA, RNA and proteins in a sequence specific manner. They could regulate cellular and developmental processes through either gene inhibition or gene activation. Many studies have shown that dysregulation of lncRNAs is related to many human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, genetic disorders, neurological diseases, immune mediated disorders and cancers. However, the study of lncRNAs is challenging as they are poorly conserved between species, their expression levels aren't as high as that of m RNAs and have great interpatient variations. The study of lncRNAs expression in cancers have been a breakthrough as it unveils potential biomarkers and drug targets for cancer therapy and helps understand the mechanism of pathogenesis. This review discusses many long non-coding RNAs and their contribution in HCC, their role in development, metastasis, and prognosis of HCC and how to regulate and target these lncRNAs as a therapeutic tool in HCC treatment in the future.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cuproptosis has recently been considered a novel form of programmed cell death.To date,long-chain non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)crucial to the regulation of this process remain unelucidated.AIM To identify lncRNA...BACKGROUND Cuproptosis has recently been considered a novel form of programmed cell death.To date,long-chain non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)crucial to the regulation of this process remain unelucidated.AIM To identify lncRNAs linked to cuproptosis in order to estimate patients'prognoses for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Using RNA sequence data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Live Hepatocellular Carcinoma(TCGA-LIHC),a co-expression network of cuproptosis-related genes and lncRNAs was constructed.For HCC prognosis,we developed a cuproptosisrelated lncRNA signature(CupRLSig)using univariate Cox,lasso,and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival among high-and low-risk groups stratified by median CupRLSig risk score.Furthermore,comparisons of functional annotation,immune infiltration,somatic mutation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and pharmacologic options were made between high-and low-risk groups.RESULTS Three hundred and forty-three patients with complete follow-up data were recruited in the analysis.Pearson correlation analysis identified 157 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs related to 14 cuproptosis genes.Next,we divided the TCGA-LIHC sample into a training set and a validation set.In univariate Cox regression analysis,27 LncRNAs with prognostic value were identified in the training set.After lasso regression,the multivariate Cox regression model determined the identified risk equation as follows:Risk score=(0.2659×PICSAR expression)+(0.4374×FOXD2-AS1 expression)+(-0.3467×AP001065.1 expression).The CupRLSig high-risk group was associated with poor overall survival(hazard ratio=1.162,95%CI=1.063-1.270;P<0.001)after the patients were divided into two groups depending upon their median risk score.Model accuracy was further supported by receiver operating characteristic and principal component analysis as well as the validation set.The area under the curve of 0.741 was found to be a better predictor of HCC prognosis as compared to other clinicopathological variables.Mutation analysis revealed that high-risk combinations with high TMB carried worse prognoses(median survival of 30 mo vs 102 mo of low-risk combinations with low TMB group).The low-risk group had more activated natural killer cells(NK cells,P=0.032 by Wilcoxon rank sum test)and fewer regulatory T cells(Tregs,P=0.021)infiltration than the high-risk group.This finding could explain why the low-risk group has a better prognosis.Interestingly,when checkpoint gene expression(CD276,CTLA-4,and PDCD-1)and tumor immune dysfunction and rejection(TIDE)scores are considered,highrisk patients may respond better to immunotherapy.Finally,most drugs commonly used in preclinical and clinical systemic therapy for HCC,such as 5-fluorouracil,gemcitabine,paclitaxel,imatinib,sunitinib,rapamycin,and XL-184(cabozantinib),were found to be more efficacious in the low-risk group;erlotinib,an exception,was more efficacious in the high-risk group.CONCLUSION The lncRNA signature,CupRLSig,constructed in this study is valuable in prognostic estimation of HCC.Importantly,CupRLSig also predicts the level of immune infiltration and potential efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.展开更多
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are considered the model solid malignancies of targeted therapy after the discovery of imatinib effectiveness against their tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Non-coding RNAs are molecule...Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are considered the model solid malignancies of targeted therapy after the discovery of imatinib effectiveness against their tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Non-coding RNAs are molecules with no protein coding capacity that play crucial role to several biological steps of normal cell proliferation and differentiation.When the expression of these molecules found to be altered it seems that they affect the process of carcinogenesis in multiple ways,such as proliferation,apoptosis,differentiation,metastasis,and drug resistance.This review aims to provide an overview of the latest research papers and summarize the current evidence about the role of non-coding RNAs in pathogenesis of GISTs,including their potential clinical applications.展开更多
The pathology and physiology of breast cancer(BC),including metastasis,and drug resistance,is driven by multiple signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment(TME),which hamper antitumor immunity.Recently,long non-...The pathology and physiology of breast cancer(BC),including metastasis,and drug resistance,is driven by multiple signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment(TME),which hamper antitumor immunity.Recently,long non-coding RNAs have been reported to mediate pathophysiological developments such as metastasis as well as immune suppression within the TME.Given the complex biology of BC,novel personalized therapeutic strategies that address its diverse pathophysiologies are needed to improve clinical outcomes.In this review,we describe the advances in the biology of breast neoplasia,including cellular and molecular biology,heterogeneity,and TME.We review the role of novel molecules such as long non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of BC.Finally,we provide an up-to-date overview of anticancer compounds extracted from marine microorganisms,crustaceans,and fishes and their synergistic effects in combination with other anticancer drugs.Marine compounds are a new discipline of research in BC and offer a wide range of anti-cancer effects that could be harnessed to target the various pathways involved in BC development,thus assisting current therapeutic regimens.展开更多
BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer in humans is high,and it is in the top five for cancer-related morbidity and mortality.It is one of the main threats to human health.The function of long noncoding RNAs in...BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer in humans is high,and it is in the top five for cancer-related morbidity and mortality.It is one of the main threats to human health.The function of long noncoding RNAs in tumor occurrence and development has gradually gained attention in recent years.In increasing numbers of studies,researchers have demonstrated that it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.AIM To find out if long noncoding RNA RP5-881L22.5 played a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in relation to the tumor microenvironment.METHODS We analyzed the transcriptome data and clinical data in The Cancer Genome Atlas-colon adenocarcinoma.The CIRBERSORT algorithm was applied to evaluate these tumor-infiltrating immune cells in The Cancer Genome Atlas-colon adenocarcinoma cancer tissue samples.Using the“estimate”package in R,we assessed the tumor immune microenvironment.The expression level of RP5-881L22.5 in tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples from 4 pairs of colorectal cancer patients was determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Colorectal cancer cells were tested for invasiveness using a transwell invasion assay after RP5-881L22.5 expression was knocked down.RESULTS The expression of lncRNA RP5-881L22.5 was related to the clinical characteristics of the tumors,and it was negatively related to the infiltration level of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the expression of T cell inhibitory receptors.A major function of its coexpressed mRNA was to regulate tumor immunity,such as the immune response.When quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed on tumor tissues from 4 pairs of colorectal cancer patients,the results showed that RP5-881L22.5 was highly expressed.Subsequently,knocking down the expression of RP5-881L22.5,the invasiveness of colorectal cancer cell lines was reduced,and the apoptosis rate was increased.CONCLUSION RP5-881L22.5 plays a crucial role in the microenvironment of tumors as well as in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.The relationship between RP5-881L22.5 and the tumor immune microenvironment deserves further study.展开更多
目的探讨m^(7)G-lncRNAs能否作为结肠癌患者预后及肿瘤微环境的生物标志物。方法TCGA数据库筛选m^(7)G-lncRNAs(|Pearson R|>0.4,P<0.001),多因素Cox分析构建m^(7)G-lncRNAs风险模型。使用ROC和C-index曲线对风险模型进行验证。...目的探讨m^(7)G-lncRNAs能否作为结肠癌患者预后及肿瘤微环境的生物标志物。方法TCGA数据库筛选m^(7)G-lncRNAs(|Pearson R|>0.4,P<0.001),多因素Cox分析构建m^(7)G-lncRNAs风险模型。使用ROC和C-index曲线对风险模型进行验证。构建诺莫图和诺莫图的校准曲线用于预测结肠癌患者的预后。点柱图和K-M生存曲线评估风险打分对患者临床分期和预后的影响。CIBERSORT和ESTIMATE探究高低风险组患者肿瘤微环境和免疫细胞浸润程度的联系,同时分析风险打分对结肠癌患者微卫星不稳定性,干细胞指数和免疫检查点表达的影响。使用相互作用基因搜索工具(STRING)构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络,挖掘m^(7)G-lncRNAs调控的关键靶点。最后,使用蛋白印迹实验在4对结肠癌组织与癌旁正常组织中验证这些关键靶点的表达。结果从TCGA数据库鉴别出1722个m^(7)G-lncRNAs。多因素Cox分析筛选出12个lncRNAs用于构建风险模型,其中AC003101.2、AC005014.2、AC008760.1、AC092944.1、AL1161729.4、AL301422.4、AP001619.1、AP003355.1和ZEB1-AS1为高风险lncRNAs,AC025171.4、AC073957.3及TNFRSF10A-AS1为低风险lncRNAs。ROC曲线显示风险模型对患者1年、3年、5年生存预测的AUC值分别为0.727、0.747、0.794。诺莫图预测患者预后的AUC值为0.794,校准曲线显示诺莫图对患者生存的预测与患者实际的生存基本一致。高风险组患者的T分期(T1~T2 vs T3~T4:P=0.034)、N分期(N0 vs N2:P=7.8e-08;N1 vs N2:P=0.00081)以及M分期(M0 vs M1:P=0.007)均高于低风险组患者。低风险组患者常伴随高微卫星不稳定状态(MSS vs MSI-H:P=0.034)。肿瘤干性指数与风险得分呈负相关(r=-0.19;P=7.3e-05)。高风险组患者基质细胞打分(P=0.0028)以及总打分(P=0.007)明显高于低风险组患者较高,激活的肥大细胞(r=-0.11;P=0.045)和静息CD4^(+)T细胞(r=-0.14;P=0.01)的表达也较低。多数免疫检查点在高风险患者中高表达(P<0.05)。蛋白印迹实验表明m^(7)G-lncRNAs调控的关键靶点ATXN2(P=0.006)and G3BP1(P=0.007)在4对结肠癌组织中表达均高于配对的癌旁正常组织。结论12个m^(7)G-lncRNAs构建的风险模型对结肠癌具有重要的预后价值,同时也能反映结肠癌患者肿瘤微环境及免疫治疗的疗效。展开更多
One of the major challenges in oncology is drug resistance,which triggers relapse and shortens patients’survival.In order to promote drug desensitization,cancer cells require the establishment of an ideal tumor micro...One of the major challenges in oncology is drug resistance,which triggers relapse and shortens patients’survival.In order to promote drug desensitization,cancer cells require the establishment of an ideal tumor microenvironment that accomplishes specific conditions.To achieve this objective,cellular communication is a key factor.Classically,cells were believed to restrictively communicate by ligand-receptor binding,physical cell-to-cell interactions and synapses.Nevertheless,the crosstalk between tumor cells and stroma cells has also been recently reported to be mediated through exosomes,the smallest extracellular vesicles,which transport a plethora of functionally active molecules,such as:proteins,lipids,messenger RNA,DNA,microRNA or long non-coding RNA(lncRNAs).LncRNAs are RNA molecules greater than 200 base pairs that are deregulated in cancer and other diseases.Exosomal lncRNAs are highly stable and can be found in several body fluids,being considered potential biomarkers for tumor liquid biopsy.Exosomal lncRNAs promote angiogenesis,cell proliferation and drug resistance.The role of exosomal lncRNAs in drug resistance affects the main treatment strategies in oncology:chemotherapy,targeted therapy,hormone therapy and immunotherapy.Overall,knowing the molecular mechanisms by which exosomal lncRNA induce pharmacologic resistance could improve further drug development and identify drug resistance biomarkers.展开更多
Primary liver cancer is a significant health problem worldwide.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the main pathological type of primary liver cancer,accounting for 75%-85%of cases.In recent years,radiotherapy has become ...Primary liver cancer is a significant health problem worldwide.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the main pathological type of primary liver cancer,accounting for 75%-85%of cases.In recent years,radiotherapy has become an emerging treatment for HCC and is effective for various stages of HCC.However,radiosensitivity of liver cancer cells has a significant effect on the efficacy of radiotherapy and is regulated by various factors.How to increase radiosensitivity and improve the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy require further exploration.This review summarizes the recent research progress on the mechanisms affecting sensitivity to radiotherapy,including epigenetics,transportation and metabolism,regulated cell death pathways,the microenvironment,and redox status,as well as the effect of nanoparticles on the radiosensitivity of liver cancer.It is expected to provide more effective strategies and methods for clinical treatment of liver cancer by radiotherapy.展开更多
Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors as the poorly organized tumor vasculature cannot fulfill the increasing oxygen demand of rapidly expanding tumors.Under hypoxia,tumor cells reshape their microenvironment...Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors as the poorly organized tumor vasculature cannot fulfill the increasing oxygen demand of rapidly expanding tumors.Under hypoxia,tumor cells reshape their microenvironment to sustain survival,promote metastasis,and develop resistance to therapy.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells,including tumor cells.They are enriched with a selective collection of nucleic acids and proteins from the originating cells to mediate cell-to-cell communication.Accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes derived from tumor cells play critical roles in modulating the tumor microenvironment(TME).Hypoxia is known to stimulate the secretion of exosomes from tumor cells,thereby promoting intercellular communication of hypoxic tumors with the surrounding stromal tissues.Exosome-mediated signaling pathways under hypoxic conditions have been reported to cause angiogenesis,invasion,metastasis,drug resistance,and immune escape.Recently,the programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1)has been reported to reside as a transmembrane protein in tumor exosomes.Exosomal PD-L1 was shown to suppress T cell effector function in the TME and cause drug resistance to immune checkpoint therapy.This review provides an update about the pivotal role of tumor-derived exosomes in drug resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy,particularly under hypoxic conditions.Emerging strategies that target the exosomes in the hypoxic TME to enhance the antitumor efficacy are discussed.展开更多
AIM: To detect the expression of the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR in colon cancer and analyze its relationship with clinicopathological parameters of colon cancer. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from 80 colon cancer ti...AIM: To detect the expression of the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR in colon cancer and analyze its relationship with clinicopathological parameters of colon cancer. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from 80 colon cancer tissues and matched tumor-adjacent normal colon tissues and reverse transcribed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of HOTAIR. The relationship between the expression of HOTAIR and clinicopathological parameters of colon cancer was analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of HOTAIR was significantly higher in colon cancer tissues than in matched tumoradjacent normal colon tissues(P < 0.05). HOTAIR expression was significantly higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis; in lowly differentiated and undifferentiated cases than in highly and moderately differentiated cases; and in stages Ⅲ + Ⅳ cases than in stages?Ⅰ?+ Ⅱ cases(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: HOTAIR expression is upregulated in colon cancer, suggesting that HOTAIR plays an important role in the tumorigenesis, development and metastasis of colon cancer. HOTAIR may act as an oncogene and represents a new molecular target for the treatment of colon cancer.展开更多
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide. HCC is the fifth common malignancy in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death in Asia. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are RNAs with a length greater than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. lncRNAs can regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in several ways by interacting with DNA, RNA and proteins in a sequence specific manner. They could regulate cellular and developmental processes through either gene inhibition or gene activation. Many studies have shown that dysregulation of lncRNAs is related to many human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, genetic disorders, neurological diseases, immune mediated disorders and cancers. However, the study of lncRNAs is challenging as they are poorly conserved between species, their expression levels aren't as high as that of m RNAs and have great interpatient variations. The study of lncRNAs expression in cancers have been a breakthrough as it unveils potential biomarkers and drug targets for cancer therapy and helps understand the mechanism of pathogenesis. This review discusses many long non-coding RNAs and their contribution in HCC, their role in development, metastasis, and prognosis of HCC and how to regulate and target these lncRNAs as a therapeutic tool in HCC treatment in the future.
基金Supported by the National Key Clinical Discipline,the Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project of Guangdong Province,No.2021A1515410004 and No.2019A1515011200National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81973858 and No.82172790Science and Technology Plan Project of Qingyuan City,No.2019A028.
文摘BACKGROUND Cuproptosis has recently been considered a novel form of programmed cell death.To date,long-chain non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)crucial to the regulation of this process remain unelucidated.AIM To identify lncRNAs linked to cuproptosis in order to estimate patients'prognoses for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS Using RNA sequence data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Live Hepatocellular Carcinoma(TCGA-LIHC),a co-expression network of cuproptosis-related genes and lncRNAs was constructed.For HCC prognosis,we developed a cuproptosisrelated lncRNA signature(CupRLSig)using univariate Cox,lasso,and multivariate Cox regression analyses.Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare overall survival among high-and low-risk groups stratified by median CupRLSig risk score.Furthermore,comparisons of functional annotation,immune infiltration,somatic mutation,tumor mutation burden(TMB),and pharmacologic options were made between high-and low-risk groups.RESULTS Three hundred and forty-three patients with complete follow-up data were recruited in the analysis.Pearson correlation analysis identified 157 cuproptosis-related lncRNAs related to 14 cuproptosis genes.Next,we divided the TCGA-LIHC sample into a training set and a validation set.In univariate Cox regression analysis,27 LncRNAs with prognostic value were identified in the training set.After lasso regression,the multivariate Cox regression model determined the identified risk equation as follows:Risk score=(0.2659×PICSAR expression)+(0.4374×FOXD2-AS1 expression)+(-0.3467×AP001065.1 expression).The CupRLSig high-risk group was associated with poor overall survival(hazard ratio=1.162,95%CI=1.063-1.270;P<0.001)after the patients were divided into two groups depending upon their median risk score.Model accuracy was further supported by receiver operating characteristic and principal component analysis as well as the validation set.The area under the curve of 0.741 was found to be a better predictor of HCC prognosis as compared to other clinicopathological variables.Mutation analysis revealed that high-risk combinations with high TMB carried worse prognoses(median survival of 30 mo vs 102 mo of low-risk combinations with low TMB group).The low-risk group had more activated natural killer cells(NK cells,P=0.032 by Wilcoxon rank sum test)and fewer regulatory T cells(Tregs,P=0.021)infiltration than the high-risk group.This finding could explain why the low-risk group has a better prognosis.Interestingly,when checkpoint gene expression(CD276,CTLA-4,and PDCD-1)and tumor immune dysfunction and rejection(TIDE)scores are considered,highrisk patients may respond better to immunotherapy.Finally,most drugs commonly used in preclinical and clinical systemic therapy for HCC,such as 5-fluorouracil,gemcitabine,paclitaxel,imatinib,sunitinib,rapamycin,and XL-184(cabozantinib),were found to be more efficacious in the low-risk group;erlotinib,an exception,was more efficacious in the high-risk group.CONCLUSION The lncRNA signature,CupRLSig,constructed in this study is valuable in prognostic estimation of HCC.Importantly,CupRLSig also predicts the level of immune infiltration and potential efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.
基金supported by a non-profit organization of Greek Society of Cancer Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy.
文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are considered the model solid malignancies of targeted therapy after the discovery of imatinib effectiveness against their tyrosine kinase inhibitors.Non-coding RNAs are molecules with no protein coding capacity that play crucial role to several biological steps of normal cell proliferation and differentiation.When the expression of these molecules found to be altered it seems that they affect the process of carcinogenesis in multiple ways,such as proliferation,apoptosis,differentiation,metastasis,and drug resistance.This review aims to provide an overview of the latest research papers and summarize the current evidence about the role of non-coding RNAs in pathogenesis of GISTs,including their potential clinical applications.
文摘The pathology and physiology of breast cancer(BC),including metastasis,and drug resistance,is driven by multiple signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment(TME),which hamper antitumor immunity.Recently,long non-coding RNAs have been reported to mediate pathophysiological developments such as metastasis as well as immune suppression within the TME.Given the complex biology of BC,novel personalized therapeutic strategies that address its diverse pathophysiologies are needed to improve clinical outcomes.In this review,we describe the advances in the biology of breast neoplasia,including cellular and molecular biology,heterogeneity,and TME.We review the role of novel molecules such as long non-coding RNAs in the pathophysiology of BC.Finally,we provide an up-to-date overview of anticancer compounds extracted from marine microorganisms,crustaceans,and fishes and their synergistic effects in combination with other anticancer drugs.Marine compounds are a new discipline of research in BC and offer a wide range of anti-cancer effects that could be harnessed to target the various pathways involved in BC development,thus assisting current therapeutic regimens.
基金Supported by the Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital,No.G2022117.
文摘BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer in humans is high,and it is in the top five for cancer-related morbidity and mortality.It is one of the main threats to human health.The function of long noncoding RNAs in tumor occurrence and development has gradually gained attention in recent years.In increasing numbers of studies,researchers have demonstrated that it plays an important role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.AIM To find out if long noncoding RNA RP5-881L22.5 played a role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer in relation to the tumor microenvironment.METHODS We analyzed the transcriptome data and clinical data in The Cancer Genome Atlas-colon adenocarcinoma.The CIRBERSORT algorithm was applied to evaluate these tumor-infiltrating immune cells in The Cancer Genome Atlas-colon adenocarcinoma cancer tissue samples.Using the“estimate”package in R,we assessed the tumor immune microenvironment.The expression level of RP5-881L22.5 in tumor tissue and adjacent normal tissue samples from 4 pairs of colorectal cancer patients was determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Colorectal cancer cells were tested for invasiveness using a transwell invasion assay after RP5-881L22.5 expression was knocked down.RESULTS The expression of lncRNA RP5-881L22.5 was related to the clinical characteristics of the tumors,and it was negatively related to the infiltration level of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and the expression of T cell inhibitory receptors.A major function of its coexpressed mRNA was to regulate tumor immunity,such as the immune response.When quantitative reverse transcription PCR was performed on tumor tissues from 4 pairs of colorectal cancer patients,the results showed that RP5-881L22.5 was highly expressed.Subsequently,knocking down the expression of RP5-881L22.5,the invasiveness of colorectal cancer cell lines was reduced,and the apoptosis rate was increased.CONCLUSION RP5-881L22.5 plays a crucial role in the microenvironment of tumors as well as in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer.The relationship between RP5-881L22.5 and the tumor immune microenvironment deserves further study.
文摘目的探讨m^(7)G-lncRNAs能否作为结肠癌患者预后及肿瘤微环境的生物标志物。方法TCGA数据库筛选m^(7)G-lncRNAs(|Pearson R|>0.4,P<0.001),多因素Cox分析构建m^(7)G-lncRNAs风险模型。使用ROC和C-index曲线对风险模型进行验证。构建诺莫图和诺莫图的校准曲线用于预测结肠癌患者的预后。点柱图和K-M生存曲线评估风险打分对患者临床分期和预后的影响。CIBERSORT和ESTIMATE探究高低风险组患者肿瘤微环境和免疫细胞浸润程度的联系,同时分析风险打分对结肠癌患者微卫星不稳定性,干细胞指数和免疫检查点表达的影响。使用相互作用基因搜索工具(STRING)构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络,挖掘m^(7)G-lncRNAs调控的关键靶点。最后,使用蛋白印迹实验在4对结肠癌组织与癌旁正常组织中验证这些关键靶点的表达。结果从TCGA数据库鉴别出1722个m^(7)G-lncRNAs。多因素Cox分析筛选出12个lncRNAs用于构建风险模型,其中AC003101.2、AC005014.2、AC008760.1、AC092944.1、AL1161729.4、AL301422.4、AP001619.1、AP003355.1和ZEB1-AS1为高风险lncRNAs,AC025171.4、AC073957.3及TNFRSF10A-AS1为低风险lncRNAs。ROC曲线显示风险模型对患者1年、3年、5年生存预测的AUC值分别为0.727、0.747、0.794。诺莫图预测患者预后的AUC值为0.794,校准曲线显示诺莫图对患者生存的预测与患者实际的生存基本一致。高风险组患者的T分期(T1~T2 vs T3~T4:P=0.034)、N分期(N0 vs N2:P=7.8e-08;N1 vs N2:P=0.00081)以及M分期(M0 vs M1:P=0.007)均高于低风险组患者。低风险组患者常伴随高微卫星不稳定状态(MSS vs MSI-H:P=0.034)。肿瘤干性指数与风险得分呈负相关(r=-0.19;P=7.3e-05)。高风险组患者基质细胞打分(P=0.0028)以及总打分(P=0.007)明显高于低风险组患者较高,激活的肥大细胞(r=-0.11;P=0.045)和静息CD4^(+)T细胞(r=-0.14;P=0.01)的表达也较低。多数免疫检查点在高风险患者中高表达(P<0.05)。蛋白印迹实验表明m^(7)G-lncRNAs调控的关键靶点ATXN2(P=0.006)and G3BP1(P=0.007)在4对结肠癌组织中表达均高于配对的癌旁正常组织。结论12个m^(7)G-lncRNAs构建的风险模型对结肠癌具有重要的预后价值,同时也能反映结肠癌患者肿瘤微环境及免疫治疗的疗效。
基金Dr.Calin is the Felix L.Endowed Professor in Basic Science.Work in Dr.Calin’s laboratory is supported by National Institutes of Health(NIH/NCATS)grant UH3TR00943-01 through the NIH Common Fund,Office of Strategic Coordination(OSC)the NCI grants 1R01 CA182905-01 and 1R01CA222007-01A1,an NIGMS 1R01GM122775-01 grant,a U54 grant#CA096297/CA096300-UPR/MDACC Partnership for Excellence in Cancer Research 2016 Pilot Project,a Team DOD(CA160445P1)grant,a Ladies Leukemia League grant,a Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Moonshot Flagship project,a Sister Institution Network Fund(SINF)2017 grant,and the Estate of C.G.Johnson Jr.
文摘One of the major challenges in oncology is drug resistance,which triggers relapse and shortens patients’survival.In order to promote drug desensitization,cancer cells require the establishment of an ideal tumor microenvironment that accomplishes specific conditions.To achieve this objective,cellular communication is a key factor.Classically,cells were believed to restrictively communicate by ligand-receptor binding,physical cell-to-cell interactions and synapses.Nevertheless,the crosstalk between tumor cells and stroma cells has also been recently reported to be mediated through exosomes,the smallest extracellular vesicles,which transport a plethora of functionally active molecules,such as:proteins,lipids,messenger RNA,DNA,microRNA or long non-coding RNA(lncRNAs).LncRNAs are RNA molecules greater than 200 base pairs that are deregulated in cancer and other diseases.Exosomal lncRNAs are highly stable and can be found in several body fluids,being considered potential biomarkers for tumor liquid biopsy.Exosomal lncRNAs promote angiogenesis,cell proliferation and drug resistance.The role of exosomal lncRNAs in drug resistance affects the main treatment strategies in oncology:chemotherapy,targeted therapy,hormone therapy and immunotherapy.Overall,knowing the molecular mechanisms by which exosomal lncRNA induce pharmacologic resistance could improve further drug development and identify drug resistance biomarkers.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou(No.202102010171)National Natural Science Foundation Cultivation Project of The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University(No.2020GZRPYMS11)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2018A030313641)CSCO-Roche Joint Cancer Research Fund(No.Y-Roche2019/20041)。
文摘Primary liver cancer is a significant health problem worldwide.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the main pathological type of primary liver cancer,accounting for 75%-85%of cases.In recent years,radiotherapy has become an emerging treatment for HCC and is effective for various stages of HCC.However,radiosensitivity of liver cancer cells has a significant effect on the efficacy of radiotherapy and is regulated by various factors.How to increase radiosensitivity and improve the therapeutic effects of radiotherapy require further exploration.This review summarizes the recent research progress on the mechanisms affecting sensitivity to radiotherapy,including epigenetics,transportation and metabolism,regulated cell death pathways,the microenvironment,and redox status,as well as the effect of nanoparticles on the radiosensitivity of liver cancer.It is expected to provide more effective strategies and methods for clinical treatment of liver cancer by radiotherapy.
基金supported in part by research grants from the Chinese University of Hong Kong(Direct Grant 2019.084&2021.010).
文摘Hypoxia is a common phenomenon in solid tumors as the poorly organized tumor vasculature cannot fulfill the increasing oxygen demand of rapidly expanding tumors.Under hypoxia,tumor cells reshape their microenvironment to sustain survival,promote metastasis,and develop resistance to therapy.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted by most eukaryotic cells,including tumor cells.They are enriched with a selective collection of nucleic acids and proteins from the originating cells to mediate cell-to-cell communication.Accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes derived from tumor cells play critical roles in modulating the tumor microenvironment(TME).Hypoxia is known to stimulate the secretion of exosomes from tumor cells,thereby promoting intercellular communication of hypoxic tumors with the surrounding stromal tissues.Exosome-mediated signaling pathways under hypoxic conditions have been reported to cause angiogenesis,invasion,metastasis,drug resistance,and immune escape.Recently,the programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1)has been reported to reside as a transmembrane protein in tumor exosomes.Exosomal PD-L1 was shown to suppress T cell effector function in the TME and cause drug resistance to immune checkpoint therapy.This review provides an update about the pivotal role of tumor-derived exosomes in drug resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy,particularly under hypoxic conditions.Emerging strategies that target the exosomes in the hypoxic TME to enhance the antitumor efficacy are discussed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U1504820
文摘AIM: To detect the expression of the long noncoding RNA HOTAIR in colon cancer and analyze its relationship with clinicopathological parameters of colon cancer. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from 80 colon cancer tissues and matched tumor-adjacent normal colon tissues and reverse transcribed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of HOTAIR. The relationship between the expression of HOTAIR and clinicopathological parameters of colon cancer was analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of HOTAIR was significantly higher in colon cancer tissues than in matched tumoradjacent normal colon tissues(P < 0.05). HOTAIR expression was significantly higher in cases with lymph node metastasis than in those without metastasis; in lowly differentiated and undifferentiated cases than in highly and moderately differentiated cases; and in stages Ⅲ + Ⅳ cases than in stages?Ⅰ?+ Ⅱ cases(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: HOTAIR expression is upregulated in colon cancer, suggesting that HOTAIR plays an important role in the tumorigenesis, development and metastasis of colon cancer. HOTAIR may act as an oncogene and represents a new molecular target for the treatment of colon cancer.
