The recent development of high-strength magnesium alloys is focused on the role of the strengthening phases with a novel long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structure. This review detailed the main factors influencing...The recent development of high-strength magnesium alloys is focused on the role of the strengthening phases with a novel long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structure. This review detailed the main factors influencing the formation of LPSO phases, including alloying ele-ments, preparation methods, and heat treatments. Furthermore, process control in structure types, formation and transformation behavior, strengthening and toughening mechanisms of the LPSO phase were discussed. Finally, the current problems and development trends of high-strength Mg-Zn-RE alloys were also put forward.展开更多
A Mg-14.28Gd-2.44Zn-0.54Zr (mass fraction, %) alloy was prepared by conventional ingot metallurgy (I/M). The microstructure differences in as-cast and solution-treated alloys were investigated. Sliding tribologica...A Mg-14.28Gd-2.44Zn-0.54Zr (mass fraction, %) alloy was prepared by conventional ingot metallurgy (I/M). The microstructure differences in as-cast and solution-treated alloys were investigated. Sliding tribological behaviors of the as-cast and solution-treated alloys were investigated under oil lubricant condition by pin-on-disc configuration. The wear loss and friction coefficients were measured at a load of 40 N and sliding speeds of 30-300 mm/s with a sliding distance of 5000 m at room temperature. The results show that the as-cast alloy is mainly composed ofα-Mg solid solution, the lamellar 14H-type long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure within matrix, andβ-[(Mg,Zn)3Gd] phase. However, most of theβ-phase transforms to X-phase with 14H-type LPSO structure after solution heat treatment at 773 K for 35 h (T4). The solution-treated alloy presents low wear-resistance, because the hard β-phase is converted into thermally-stable, ductile and soft X-Mg12GdZn phase with LPSO structure in the alloy.展开更多
Mg-Zn-Y alloys with long-period stacking ordered structures were prepared by an ingot casting method. The corrosion performance of Mg-Zn-Y alloys was studied by combining gas-collecting test, immersion test and electr...Mg-Zn-Y alloys with long-period stacking ordered structures were prepared by an ingot casting method. The corrosion performance of Mg-Zn-Y alloys was studied by combining gas-collecting test, immersion test and electrochemical measurements in order to determine the corrosion rate and mechanism of the alloys. The results showed that the volume fraction of Mg(12)YZn phase increased and the shape of the Mg(12)YZn phase changed from discontinuous to continuous net-like with increasing Zn and Y content. The corrosion rate of the alloys greatly depended on the distribution and volume fraction of the Mg(12)YZn phase. Corrosion products appeared at the junction of Mg phase and Mg(12)YZn phase, indicating that the Mg(12)YZn phase accelerated galvanic corrosion of Mg matrix. Mg(97)Zn1Y2 alloy shows the lowest corrosion rate due to the continuous distribution of Mg(12)YZn phase.展开更多
采用聚焦离子束定点切割技术(Focused ion beam,FIB),透射电镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)、高角度环形暗场扫描透射电镜(High angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy,HAADF-STEM)和扫描电镜...采用聚焦离子束定点切割技术(Focused ion beam,FIB),透射电镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)、高角度环形暗场扫描透射电镜(High angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy,HAADF-STEM)和扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)等技术手段,对Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-2Zn-0.5Zr合金铸态及(515℃,48 h)均匀化态的组织形貌进行观察分析。结果表明:铸态合金晶界共晶组织中含有(Mg,Zn)_(3)RE相(FCC,a=0.72 nm)、Mg_(5)(RE,Zn)相(FCC,a=2.24 nm)及块状长周期堆垛有序(Long-period stacking ordered,LPSO)相。其中LPSO相主要为18R结构,存在少量14H结构,局部区域存在少量不完整周期的LPSO结构;此外合金中存在分布于共晶相附近的微米级富RE相以及分布于晶粒内部的微米级富Zr颗粒。经过(515℃,48 h)均匀化热处理,晶界(Mg,Zn)_(3)RE相和Mg_(5)(RE,Zn)相完全回溶,残留相主要为14H-LPSO相,局部区域存在具有不同晶体结构的LPSO过渡相。在铸态合金的晶粒内部,沿[1120]_(a)晶带轴观察,发现存在几个原子面至纳米尺度的LPSO构建块,由不同数量的LPSO构建块单元(4个RE/Zn原子层)及Mg原子层交替堆垛构成,RE/Zn与Mg原子层堆垛次序不具备完整周期性;均匀化热处理后,晶内的LPSO构建块几乎回溶,仅剩下极少量单个LPSO构建块单元。沿[0001]_(a)晶带轴观察,晶粒内部存在多种分布方式的富RE/Zn原子柱,为Mg-Gd-Y系镁合金时效过程β′析出序列中GP区的早期结构。展开更多
The microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms of Mg-10Gd-1Er-1Zn-0.6Zr(wt.%) alloy were focused in the view of the size parameters and volume fraction(fp) of dual phases(long period stacking ordered(LPSO) ...The microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms of Mg-10Gd-1Er-1Zn-0.6Zr(wt.%) alloy were focused in the view of the size parameters and volume fraction(fp) of dual phases(long period stacking ordered(LPSO) structures and β’ precipitates).Results show that two types of LPSO phases with different morphologies formed,and the morphology and size of both LPSO phases varied with the solution conditions.However,the volume fraction decreased monotonously with increasing solution temperature,which in turn raised the volume fraction of β’ phase during aging.The alloy exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 352 MPa,a yield strength of 271 MPa,and an elongation of 3.5% after solution treatment at 500℃ for 12 h and aging at 200℃ for 114 h.In contrast to the LPSO phase,the β’ phase seems to play a more important role in enhancing the yield strength,and consequently,a decreased fLPSO/fβ’,ratio results in an increased yield strength.展开更多
The sliding friction and wear behaviors of Mg-11Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy were investigated under oil lubricant condition by pin-on-disk configuration with a constant sliding distance of 1,000 m in the temperature...The sliding friction and wear behaviors of Mg-11Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy were investigated under oil lubricant condition by pin-on-disk configuration with a constant sliding distance of 1,000 m in the temperature range of 25-200℃. Results indicate that the volumetric wear rates and average friction coefficients decrease with the increase of sliding speeds, and increase with the increase of test temperature below 150℃. The hard and thermally stable Mg12(Y,Gd)Zn phase with long-period stacking order structure in the alloy presents significant wear resistance, The wear mechanism below 100℃ is abrasive wear as a result of plastic extrusion deformation. The corporate effects of severe abrasive, oxidative, and delaminating wear result in the tribological mechanism above 100℃.展开更多
基金supported by the Opening Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallic Materials (No. AMM201007)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK2010521)
文摘The recent development of high-strength magnesium alloys is focused on the role of the strengthening phases with a novel long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) structure. This review detailed the main factors influencing the formation of LPSO phases, including alloying ele-ments, preparation methods, and heat treatments. Furthermore, process control in structure types, formation and transformation behavior, strengthening and toughening mechanisms of the LPSO phase were discussed. Finally, the current problems and development trends of high-strength Mg-Zn-RE alloys were also put forward.
基金Projects(51304135,50971089)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(A1420110045)supported by National Defense Basic Research Plan,China+1 种基金Project(11QH1401200)supported by the Shanghai Phospherus Program,ChinaProject(NCET-11-0329)supported by the New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China
文摘A Mg-14.28Gd-2.44Zn-0.54Zr (mass fraction, %) alloy was prepared by conventional ingot metallurgy (I/M). The microstructure differences in as-cast and solution-treated alloys were investigated. Sliding tribological behaviors of the as-cast and solution-treated alloys were investigated under oil lubricant condition by pin-on-disc configuration. The wear loss and friction coefficients were measured at a load of 40 N and sliding speeds of 30-300 mm/s with a sliding distance of 5000 m at room temperature. The results show that the as-cast alloy is mainly composed ofα-Mg solid solution, the lamellar 14H-type long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structure within matrix, andβ-[(Mg,Zn)3Gd] phase. However, most of theβ-phase transforms to X-phase with 14H-type LPSO structure after solution heat treatment at 773 K for 35 h (T4). The solution-treated alloy presents low wear-resistance, because the hard β-phase is converted into thermally-stable, ductile and soft X-Mg12GdZn phase with LPSO structure in the alloy.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50571073)the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20111402110004)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province, China (No.2009011028-3)
文摘Mg-Zn-Y alloys with long-period stacking ordered structures were prepared by an ingot casting method. The corrosion performance of Mg-Zn-Y alloys was studied by combining gas-collecting test, immersion test and electrochemical measurements in order to determine the corrosion rate and mechanism of the alloys. The results showed that the volume fraction of Mg(12)YZn phase increased and the shape of the Mg(12)YZn phase changed from discontinuous to continuous net-like with increasing Zn and Y content. The corrosion rate of the alloys greatly depended on the distribution and volume fraction of the Mg(12)YZn phase. Corrosion products appeared at the junction of Mg phase and Mg(12)YZn phase, indicating that the Mg(12)YZn phase accelerated galvanic corrosion of Mg matrix. Mg(97)Zn1Y2 alloy shows the lowest corrosion rate due to the continuous distribution of Mg(12)YZn phase.
文摘采用聚焦离子束定点切割技术(Focused ion beam,FIB),透射电镜(Transmission electron microscopy,TEM)、高角度环形暗场扫描透射电镜(High angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy,HAADF-STEM)和扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscopy,SEM)等技术手段,对Mg-7Gd-5Y-1Nd-2Zn-0.5Zr合金铸态及(515℃,48 h)均匀化态的组织形貌进行观察分析。结果表明:铸态合金晶界共晶组织中含有(Mg,Zn)_(3)RE相(FCC,a=0.72 nm)、Mg_(5)(RE,Zn)相(FCC,a=2.24 nm)及块状长周期堆垛有序(Long-period stacking ordered,LPSO)相。其中LPSO相主要为18R结构,存在少量14H结构,局部区域存在少量不完整周期的LPSO结构;此外合金中存在分布于共晶相附近的微米级富RE相以及分布于晶粒内部的微米级富Zr颗粒。经过(515℃,48 h)均匀化热处理,晶界(Mg,Zn)_(3)RE相和Mg_(5)(RE,Zn)相完全回溶,残留相主要为14H-LPSO相,局部区域存在具有不同晶体结构的LPSO过渡相。在铸态合金的晶粒内部,沿[1120]_(a)晶带轴观察,发现存在几个原子面至纳米尺度的LPSO构建块,由不同数量的LPSO构建块单元(4个RE/Zn原子层)及Mg原子层交替堆垛构成,RE/Zn与Mg原子层堆垛次序不具备完整周期性;均匀化热处理后,晶内的LPSO构建块几乎回溶,仅剩下极少量单个LPSO构建块单元。沿[0001]_(a)晶带轴观察,晶粒内部存在多种分布方式的富RE/Zn原子柱,为Mg-Gd-Y系镁合金时效过程β′析出序列中GP区的早期结构。
基金Project(2016YFB0301101)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(Z161100002116033)supported by Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission,China+1 种基金Project(KZ201810005005)supported by Key Science and Technology Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education,ChinaProject(2172013)supported by Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China
文摘The microstructure evolution and strengthening mechanisms of Mg-10Gd-1Er-1Zn-0.6Zr(wt.%) alloy were focused in the view of the size parameters and volume fraction(fp) of dual phases(long period stacking ordered(LPSO) structures and β’ precipitates).Results show that two types of LPSO phases with different morphologies formed,and the morphology and size of both LPSO phases varied with the solution conditions.However,the volume fraction decreased monotonously with increasing solution temperature,which in turn raised the volume fraction of β’ phase during aging.The alloy exhibited an ultimate tensile strength of 352 MPa,a yield strength of 271 MPa,and an elongation of 3.5% after solution treatment at 500℃ for 12 h and aging at 200℃ for 114 h.In contrast to the LPSO phase,the β’ phase seems to play a more important role in enhancing the yield strength,and consequently,a decreased fLPSO/fβ’,ratio results in an increased yield strength.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51074106)Key HiTech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2009AA033501)National Key Technology R&D Program of China (No. 2011BAE22B01-5)
文摘The sliding friction and wear behaviors of Mg-11Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy were investigated under oil lubricant condition by pin-on-disk configuration with a constant sliding distance of 1,000 m in the temperature range of 25-200℃. Results indicate that the volumetric wear rates and average friction coefficients decrease with the increase of sliding speeds, and increase with the increase of test temperature below 150℃. The hard and thermally stable Mg12(Y,Gd)Zn phase with long-period stacking order structure in the alloy presents significant wear resistance, The wear mechanism below 100℃ is abrasive wear as a result of plastic extrusion deformation. The corporate effects of severe abrasive, oxidative, and delaminating wear result in the tribological mechanism above 100℃.
基金Research Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Technology(ZKJ201604)Innovative Foundation Project for Students of Nanjing Institute of Technology(TB201702004)Outstanding Scientific and Technological Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province