Backgroud： This study aimed to determine the effects of early antibiotic intervention（EAI） on subsequent blood parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal fermentation profile in pigs with different diet...Backgroud： This study aimed to determine the effects of early antibiotic intervention（EAI） on subsequent blood parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal fermentation profile in pigs with different dietary crude protein（CP） levels. Eighteen litters of piglets（total 212） were randomly allocated to 2 groups and were fed a creep feed diet with or without in-feed antibiotics（olaquindox, oxytetracycline calcium and kitasamycin） from postnatal d 7 to d 42. On d 42, the piglets within the control or antibiotic group were mixed, respectively, and then further randomly assigned to a normal-（20%, 18%, and 14% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, and d 120 to d 185,respectively） or a low-CP diet（16%, 14%, and 10% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, and d 120 to d 185,respectively）, generating 4 groups. On d 77（short-term） and d 185（long-term）, serum and fecal samples were obtained for blood parameters, microbial composition and microbial metabolism analysis.Results： EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） albumin and glucose concentrations in low-CP diet on d 77, and increased（P 〈 0.05） urea concentration in normal-CP diet. On d 185, EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） globulin concentration in normal-CP diets, but decreased glucose concentration. For nutrient digestibility, EAI increased（P 〈 0.05）digestibility of CP on d 77. For fecal microbiota, the EAI as well as low-CP diet decreased（P 〈 0.05） E. coli count on d 77. For fecal metabolites, on d 77, EAI decreased（P 〈 0.05） total amines concentration but increased skatole concentration in low-CP diet. On d 185, the EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） putrescine and total amines concentrations in low-CP diets but reduced（P 〈 0.05） in the normal-CP diets. The low-CP diet decreased the concentrations of these compounds.Conclusions： Collectively, these results indicate that EAI has short-term effects on the blood parameters and fecal microbial fermentation profile. The effects of EAI varied between CP levels, which was characterized by the significant alteration of glucose and putrescine concentration.展开更多
Exenatide is a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog improving fasting and post-prandial glycaemia, approved in patients treated with a combination of sulfonylureas and metformin and not achieving good metabolic cont...Exenatide is a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog improving fasting and post-prandial glycaemia, approved in patients treated with a combination of sulfonylureas and metformin and not achieving good metabolic control. This retrospective cohort study compared the efficacy and safety of exenatide in unselected patients with outcomes of FDA trials and other uncontrolled published studies. Exenatide was prescribed in 108 patients between April 2008 and December 2009, 80% of the patients were treated with 10 ug of exenatide twice daily. Mean follow up was 4.5 months for the 1st follow up. Changes in HbA1c (-1.1%), BMI (-1.1) and fasting glucose (-0.61 g/l) from baseline were significant, and coherent with controlled trials. 32% of patients had at least one side effect, often gastro intestinal. 23% stopped the treatment, a quarter (1/4) of which for inefficacity. Patients with a higher BMI (>40) (n = 29) at baseline did not show a better response in HbA1c or weight. Results at the second follow-up show a slight tendency of rising on HbA1c, BMI and fasting blood glucose. Finally, a third follow-up at a mean of 17 months is available for 11 patients, which shows stability in HA1c, BMI and fasting glucose. In our experience, Exenatide was safe and effective in reducing HbA1c and weight in patients who were able to tolerate it. Our results are close to results published elsewhere. There are still gaps in the literature on exenatide, especially on the long term effect, which need to be assessed by more publications.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB127300)Natural Science Foundation of China(31430082)
文摘Backgroud： This study aimed to determine the effects of early antibiotic intervention（EAI） on subsequent blood parameters, apparent nutrient digestibility, and fecal fermentation profile in pigs with different dietary crude protein（CP） levels. Eighteen litters of piglets（total 212） were randomly allocated to 2 groups and were fed a creep feed diet with or without in-feed antibiotics（olaquindox, oxytetracycline calcium and kitasamycin） from postnatal d 7 to d 42. On d 42, the piglets within the control or antibiotic group were mixed, respectively, and then further randomly assigned to a normal-（20%, 18%, and 14% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, and d 120 to d 185,respectively） or a low-CP diet（16%, 14%, and 10% CP from d 42 to d 77, d 77 to d 120, and d 120 to d 185,respectively）, generating 4 groups. On d 77（short-term） and d 185（long-term）, serum and fecal samples were obtained for blood parameters, microbial composition and microbial metabolism analysis.Results： EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） albumin and glucose concentrations in low-CP diet on d 77, and increased（P 〈 0.05） urea concentration in normal-CP diet. On d 185, EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） globulin concentration in normal-CP diets, but decreased glucose concentration. For nutrient digestibility, EAI increased（P 〈 0.05）digestibility of CP on d 77. For fecal microbiota, the EAI as well as low-CP diet decreased（P 〈 0.05） E. coli count on d 77. For fecal metabolites, on d 77, EAI decreased（P 〈 0.05） total amines concentration but increased skatole concentration in low-CP diet. On d 185, the EAI increased（P 〈 0.05） putrescine and total amines concentrations in low-CP diets but reduced（P 〈 0.05） in the normal-CP diets. The low-CP diet decreased the concentrations of these compounds.Conclusions： Collectively, these results indicate that EAI has short-term effects on the blood parameters and fecal microbial fermentation profile. The effects of EAI varied between CP levels, which was characterized by the significant alteration of glucose and putrescine concentration.
文摘Exenatide is a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog improving fasting and post-prandial glycaemia, approved in patients treated with a combination of sulfonylureas and metformin and not achieving good metabolic control. This retrospective cohort study compared the efficacy and safety of exenatide in unselected patients with outcomes of FDA trials and other uncontrolled published studies. Exenatide was prescribed in 108 patients between April 2008 and December 2009, 80% of the patients were treated with 10 ug of exenatide twice daily. Mean follow up was 4.5 months for the 1st follow up. Changes in HbA1c (-1.1%), BMI (-1.1) and fasting glucose (-0.61 g/l) from baseline were significant, and coherent with controlled trials. 32% of patients had at least one side effect, often gastro intestinal. 23% stopped the treatment, a quarter (1/4) of which for inefficacity. Patients with a higher BMI (>40) (n = 29) at baseline did not show a better response in HbA1c or weight. Results at the second follow-up show a slight tendency of rising on HbA1c, BMI and fasting blood glucose. Finally, a third follow-up at a mean of 17 months is available for 11 patients, which shows stability in HA1c, BMI and fasting glucose. In our experience, Exenatide was safe and effective in reducing HbA1c and weight in patients who were able to tolerate it. Our results are close to results published elsewhere. There are still gaps in the literature on exenatide, especially on the long term effect, which need to be assessed by more publications.
