Based on imbibition replacement of shut-in well in tight oil reservoirs, this paper expounds the principle of saturation rebalancing during the shut-in process after fracturing, establishes an optimization method for ...Based on imbibition replacement of shut-in well in tight oil reservoirs, this paper expounds the principle of saturation rebalancing during the shut-in process after fracturing, establishes an optimization method for shut-in time after horizontal well volume fracturing with the goal of shortening oil breakthrough time and achieving rapid oil breakthrough, and analyzes the influences of permeability, porosity, fracture half-length and fracturing fluid volume on the shut-in time. The oil and water imbibition displacement in the matrix and fractures occurs during the shut-in process of wells after fracturing. If the shut-in time is too short, the oil-water displacement is not sufficient, and the oil breakthrough time is long after the well is put into production. If the shut-in time is too long, the oil and water displacement is sufficient, but the energy dissipation in the formation near the bottom of the well is severe, and the flowing period is short and the production is low after the well is put into production. A rational shut-in time can help shorten the oil breakthrough time, extend the flowing period and increase the production of the well. The rational shut-in time is influenced by factors such as permeability, porosity, fracture half-length and fracturing fluid volume. The shortest and longest shut-in times are negatively correlated with porosity, permeability, and fracture half-length, and positively correlated with fracturing fluid volume. The pilot test in tight oil horizontal wells in the Songliao Basin, NE China, has confirmed that the proposed optimization method can effectively improve the development effect of horizontal well volume fracturing.展开更多
A multi-process(fracturing,shut-in and production)multi-phase flow model was derived considering the osmotic pressure,membrane effect,elastic energy and capillary force,to determine the optimal shut-in time after mult...A multi-process(fracturing,shut-in and production)multi-phase flow model was derived considering the osmotic pressure,membrane effect,elastic energy and capillary force,to determine the optimal shut-in time after multi-cluster staged hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs for the maximum production.The accuracy of the model was verified by using production data and commercial software.Based on this model and method,a physical model was made based on the inversion of fracture parameters from fracturing pressure data,to simulate the dynamic changes of pore pressure and oil saturation during fracturing,soaking and production,examine effects of 7 factors on the optimal shut-in time,and find out the main factors affecting the optimal shut-in time through orthogonal experiments.With the increase of shut-in time,the increment of cumulative production increases rapidly first and then tended to a stable value,and the shut-in time corresponding to the inflection point of the change was the optimal shut-in time.The optimal shut-in time has a nonlinear negative correlation with matrix permeability,porosity,capillary pressure multiple and fracture length,a nonlinear positive correlation with the membrane efficiency and total volume of injected fluid,and a nearly linear positive correlation with displacement.The seven factors in descending order of influence degree on optimal shut-in time are total volume of injected fluid,capillary force multiple,matrix permeability,porosity,membrane efficiency,salinity of fracturing fluid,fracturing fluid displacement.展开更多
The shale oil reservoir is characterized by tight lithology and ultra-low permeability,and its efficient exploitation requires the technology of multi-stage and multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells a...The shale oil reservoir is characterized by tight lithology and ultra-low permeability,and its efficient exploitation requires the technology of multi-stage and multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells and shut-in imbibition.After multi-stage and multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing,a complex fracture network is formed,and a large volume of frac fluid is stored within the fracture network.During shut-in,imbibition and exchange between oil and water occurs under the action of the capillary force and osmotic pressure,and the formation pressure builds up in the shale reservoir.On basis of the characteristics of shale oil reservoir,we establish a model of imbibition during fracturing injection and shut-in by coupling oilewater two-phase flow and saline ion diffusion in the hydraulic fractures(HFs)network,natural fractures(NFs)and matrix system under the action of capillary force and osmotic pressure.The DFN method and the multiple continuum method are introduced to characterize fluid flow between the HF and the NF and that between the NF and the matrix respectively,which avoids the problem of a large amount of computation of seepage within the complex fracture.Then,the discrete fracture network(DFN)model and the multiple continuum model are solved with the finite element method,and it is verified in flow field,saturation field and concentration field that the models are accurate and reliable.We propose the imbibition exchange volume for quantitative evaluation of the imbibition degree and a method of calculating the imbibition exchange volume.Simulation of oil and water flow in the fracturing and shut-in stages is performed based on these models.It is found that imbibition in the shale reservoir is driven by mechanisms of pressure difference,capillary force and osmotic pressure.The osmotic pressure and capillary force only cause an increase in the imbibition rate and a reduction in the imbibition equilibrium time and do not lead to variation in the peak of imbibition exchange volume.The imbibition equilibrium time under the action of the capillary force and osmotic pressure is reduced from 150 to 45 d compared with that under the action of the pressure difference.If imbibition equilibrium is reached,low initial water saturation,strong rock compressibility,high formation water salinity and high matrix permeability enhance imbibition and exchange of oil and water in the reservoir.The leakoff volume of frac fluid is generally larger than the imbibition exchanged volume.Leakoff equilibrium occurs slightly earlier than imbibition equilibrium.The imbibition equilibrium time is mainly affected by reservoir permeability and NF density.The number of interconnected fractures mainly affects the frac fluid volume within the hydraulic fracture in the fracturing process.The stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)mainly affects frac fluid imbibition exchange in the shut-in process.展开更多
在微地震地面监测中,由于微地震信号能量微弱,因此很难对微地震事件进行精确拾取。本文提出了一种基于STA/LTA(short term averaging/long term averaging)的判别频率估计模式识别方法,可以避免由于设定阈值出现漏判小能量微地震事件的...在微地震地面监测中,由于微地震信号能量微弱,因此很难对微地震事件进行精确拾取。本文提出了一种基于STA/LTA(short term averaging/long term averaging)的判别频率估计模式识别方法,可以避免由于设定阈值出现漏判小能量微地震事件的情况,并在精度上比传统的STA/LTA方法提升10%以上。采用基于震幅叠加的能量聚焦方法对微地震事件进行定位计算,同时通过对能量聚焦结果的分析,进一步剔除"假"的微地震事件,从而能够更加精确地描述地下裂缝的发育情况。最后,通过对河北北部一水平井的压裂监测对该方法进行验证,结果表明,本方法计算效率高、监测结果获得施工单位的认可,能够对下一步压裂施工方案提供理论指导。展开更多
基金Supported by China National Major Project of Science and Technology(2016ZX05046-004)PetroChina Major Project of Science and Technology(2017B-4905)PetroChina Jilin Oilfield Company Major Project of Science and Technology(JY21A2-12).
文摘Based on imbibition replacement of shut-in well in tight oil reservoirs, this paper expounds the principle of saturation rebalancing during the shut-in process after fracturing, establishes an optimization method for shut-in time after horizontal well volume fracturing with the goal of shortening oil breakthrough time and achieving rapid oil breakthrough, and analyzes the influences of permeability, porosity, fracture half-length and fracturing fluid volume on the shut-in time. The oil and water imbibition displacement in the matrix and fractures occurs during the shut-in process of wells after fracturing. If the shut-in time is too short, the oil-water displacement is not sufficient, and the oil breakthrough time is long after the well is put into production. If the shut-in time is too long, the oil and water displacement is sufficient, but the energy dissipation in the formation near the bottom of the well is severe, and the flowing period is short and the production is low after the well is put into production. A rational shut-in time can help shorten the oil breakthrough time, extend the flowing period and increase the production of the well. The rational shut-in time is influenced by factors such as permeability, porosity, fracture half-length and fracturing fluid volume. The shortest and longest shut-in times are negatively correlated with porosity, permeability, and fracture half-length, and positively correlated with fracturing fluid volume. The pilot test in tight oil horizontal wells in the Songliao Basin, NE China, has confirmed that the proposed optimization method can effectively improve the development effect of horizontal well volume fracturing.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Joint Fund Project(U1562217,U21B2701)。
文摘A multi-process(fracturing,shut-in and production)multi-phase flow model was derived considering the osmotic pressure,membrane effect,elastic energy and capillary force,to determine the optimal shut-in time after multi-cluster staged hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs for the maximum production.The accuracy of the model was verified by using production data and commercial software.Based on this model and method,a physical model was made based on the inversion of fracture parameters from fracturing pressure data,to simulate the dynamic changes of pore pressure and oil saturation during fracturing,soaking and production,examine effects of 7 factors on the optimal shut-in time,and find out the main factors affecting the optimal shut-in time through orthogonal experiments.With the increase of shut-in time,the increment of cumulative production increases rapidly first and then tended to a stable value,and the shut-in time corresponding to the inflection point of the change was the optimal shut-in time.The optimal shut-in time has a nonlinear negative correlation with matrix permeability,porosity,capillary pressure multiple and fracture length,a nonlinear positive correlation with the membrane efficiency and total volume of injected fluid,and a nearly linear positive correlation with displacement.The seven factors in descending order of influence degree on optimal shut-in time are total volume of injected fluid,capillary force multiple,matrix permeability,porosity,membrane efficiency,salinity of fracturing fluid,fracturing fluid displacement.
基金the financial support of the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFA0711804)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074332)express their gratitude to project ZR2020YQ36 supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation.
文摘The shale oil reservoir is characterized by tight lithology and ultra-low permeability,and its efficient exploitation requires the technology of multi-stage and multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing in horizontal wells and shut-in imbibition.After multi-stage and multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing,a complex fracture network is formed,and a large volume of frac fluid is stored within the fracture network.During shut-in,imbibition and exchange between oil and water occurs under the action of the capillary force and osmotic pressure,and the formation pressure builds up in the shale reservoir.On basis of the characteristics of shale oil reservoir,we establish a model of imbibition during fracturing injection and shut-in by coupling oilewater two-phase flow and saline ion diffusion in the hydraulic fractures(HFs)network,natural fractures(NFs)and matrix system under the action of capillary force and osmotic pressure.The DFN method and the multiple continuum method are introduced to characterize fluid flow between the HF and the NF and that between the NF and the matrix respectively,which avoids the problem of a large amount of computation of seepage within the complex fracture.Then,the discrete fracture network(DFN)model and the multiple continuum model are solved with the finite element method,and it is verified in flow field,saturation field and concentration field that the models are accurate and reliable.We propose the imbibition exchange volume for quantitative evaluation of the imbibition degree and a method of calculating the imbibition exchange volume.Simulation of oil and water flow in the fracturing and shut-in stages is performed based on these models.It is found that imbibition in the shale reservoir is driven by mechanisms of pressure difference,capillary force and osmotic pressure.The osmotic pressure and capillary force only cause an increase in the imbibition rate and a reduction in the imbibition equilibrium time and do not lead to variation in the peak of imbibition exchange volume.The imbibition equilibrium time under the action of the capillary force and osmotic pressure is reduced from 150 to 45 d compared with that under the action of the pressure difference.If imbibition equilibrium is reached,low initial water saturation,strong rock compressibility,high formation water salinity and high matrix permeability enhance imbibition and exchange of oil and water in the reservoir.The leakoff volume of frac fluid is generally larger than the imbibition exchanged volume.Leakoff equilibrium occurs slightly earlier than imbibition equilibrium.The imbibition equilibrium time is mainly affected by reservoir permeability and NF density.The number of interconnected fractures mainly affects the frac fluid volume within the hydraulic fracture in the fracturing process.The stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)mainly affects frac fluid imbibition exchange in the shut-in process.
文摘在微地震地面监测中,由于微地震信号能量微弱,因此很难对微地震事件进行精确拾取。本文提出了一种基于STA/LTA(short term averaging/long term averaging)的判别频率估计模式识别方法,可以避免由于设定阈值出现漏判小能量微地震事件的情况,并在精度上比传统的STA/LTA方法提升10%以上。采用基于震幅叠加的能量聚焦方法对微地震事件进行定位计算,同时通过对能量聚焦结果的分析,进一步剔除"假"的微地震事件,从而能够更加精确地描述地下裂缝的发育情况。最后,通过对河北北部一水平井的压裂监测对该方法进行验证,结果表明,本方法计算效率高、监测结果获得施工单位的认可,能够对下一步压裂施工方案提供理论指导。